问答题简述SASP的药理作用及其适应证。

问答题原发性扩张型心肌病在超声心动图上有什么表现?

问答题简述慢性肾小球肾炎普通型与慢性肾盂肾炎的鉴别要点。

问答题(46) For centuries the smoking of tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes has produced controversy over possible health hazards, but only since the 1950's has sufficient scientific evidence accumulated to make possible a thorough evaluation of the health risk. Scientific investigation of the relationship of smoking and health gained impetus after the beginning of the 20th century, then an increase in lung cancer was noted. As the use of tobacco increased, studies improved. (47) Although some gaps in knowledge still exist, the information now available is sufficient to permit making sound judgments, based on the converging lines of evidence. (48) Investigators have directed their principal consideration to cigarette smoking because the health consequences attributed to it far exceed those due to smoking cigars and pipes. The widespread popularity of cigarettes is comparatively recent in man's use of tobacco. The smoking pattern began to change at the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, cigarettes have steadily become more popular than cigars and pipes. (49) In the United States. per capita cigarette consumption — calculated for all persons 15 years of age and older, regardless of whether they smoked—rose from 49 per year in 1900 to 3,888 in 1960. Per capita consumption of cigars, pipe tobacco, and chewing tobacco declined sharply in the same period. Data presented in 1966 indicated a sharp reduction in cigarette smoking in the United States for men under the age of 55 with the trend continuing to 1970. Further increase in cigarette consumption for women of all ages was reported in 1966 and no further increase was noted 1966 and 1970. However, in 1970 overall per capita cigarette consumption rose. By 1962 the Royal College of Physicians of London reported:" Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer and bronchitis, and various other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers." Some scientists, however, expressed dissenting opinions. The most widely publicized report in the United States was issued in 1964 by the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. (50) The principal judgment in the committee's 150,000-word report was: "Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action." The smokers of pipes and cigars were found to incur less health risk. However, the incidence of cancer and heart disease among them was found to be greater than among nonsmokers.

问答题消化性溃疡的发病机制是什么?

单选题A．肝脏内有铜沉积B．线粒体抗体阳性C．铁沉积于肝脏D．肝纤维化E．乙型肝炎

问答题肝硬化贫血、出血倾向的机制。

问答题试述慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期的并发症。

问答题支气管哮喘持续状态应如何进行合理抢救?

问答题Directions: Fenghua is one of your good friends and schoolmates. He has been addicted to smoking for a long time2 During a lecture this week, you learned a lot about great dangers involved in heavy smoking, and now you decide to write a letter to him. Your letter should be based on the following outline. 1) your concern about his health, 2) and your advice and suggestions. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题比较不稳定型心绞痛与稳定型心绞痛在发病机理和临床表现上的不同点。

问答题试述支气管哮喘的定义，并简述慢性支气管哮喘的发病机制。

单选题血吸虫病对机体影响最严重的病变是

单选题对生长激素的分泌起经常性调节作用的是

问答题试述急性左心衰竭的发病机理、临床表现、处理原则。

问答题简述胆红素的代谢途径。

问答题肝硬化时内分泌可发生哪些变化?

问答题Directions.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofdiggingwells.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)themeaning/yourunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.presentyoursuggestionsYoushouldneatlywrite160--200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题慢性呼吸衰竭患者低氧血症的原因有哪些?其氧疗原则如何?并说明理由。

问答题简述按类别举例常用抗心绞痛的药物，并说明各类药物的作用机制。