单选题多饮水可预防结石，其机制是
单选题患者，男性，26岁，24年来尿频、尿急、尿痛，有时尿混浊，伴终末血尿，一般抗生素无效。尿液检查：脓球40～50个／HP，红细胞20～30个／HP，蛋白(＋)。最适宜的检查方法是
单选题A、化脓性脓胸B、单纯结核性脓胸C、特异病原性脓胸D、腐败性脓胸E、慢性脓胸
单选题嵌顿疝和绞窄疝的主要区别是
单选题A．压疮B．尿道损伤C．损伤性骨化D．缺血性肌挛缩
单选题由肠壁一部分构成了疝内容的疝，称为A．滑疝B．Richter疝C．Lirrte疝D．直疝E．股疝
单选题A．胃左动脉B．胃右动脉C．胃短动脉D．胃网膜左动脉E．胃网膜右动脉
单选题A．立即封盖伤口，包扎固定B．清创缝合伤口，并做闭式引流C．气管内插管，辅助呼吸D．气管切开，充分供氧
单选题患者，男性，26岁，24年来尿频、尿急、尿痛，有时尿混浊，伴终末血尿，一般抗生素无效。尿液检查：脓球40～50个／HP，红细胞20～30个／HP，蛋白(＋)。该病人经检查，诊断“左肾结核”，住院后体检：双肾未触及，肾区无压痛及叩击痛。最可能的发现是
单选题多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的常见病因是
单选题诊断骨髓瘤时，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题患者男性，34岁，一周前曾感冒低热两天，近三天来发现下肢浮肿，血压20/12kPa(150/90mmHg)，尿蛋白(+++)，尿沉渣镜检红细胞20～40个/高倍视野，颗粒管型偶见，血红蛋白98g/IJ，A/G2.2/2.4，最可能的临床诊断为A．急性肾炎B．慢性肾炎，急性发作C．慢性肾盂肾炎，急性发作D．隐匿性肾炎E．狼疮性肾炎
单选题A．局部麻醉 B．骶管阻滞C．腰麻 D．硬膜外麻醉E．气管插管全麻
单选题烧伤病人，防治低血容量休克时，补液量调节的简便而可靠的临床指标是
单选题有关伤寒杆菌性骨髓炎的诊断哪项是不恰当的
单选题有关肾皮质多发性脓肿，下列哪项说法是不恰当的
单选题A．脾腔分流术B．脾肾分流术C．门腔分流术D．肠系膜上、下腔静脉分流术
单选题不宜用高压蒸气灭菌的是
单选题男性，30岁，饭后劳动时突然上腹部持续性剧痛，向背部放射，频繁呕吐，起病后12小时急诊入院。查体：体温37．8℃，脉搏120次／分，血压86／60mmHg，脐左上方可扪及一局限包块，局部肌肉稍紧张。实验室检查：WBC 18．2×10
9
／L，中性粒细胞86％，血清淀粉酶126索氏单位。腹部透视：可见突出孤立肠袢，大的气液平面。其诊断最可能是
单选题各类器官移植中疗效最稳定和最显著的是
单选题关于动脉栓塞的特点，下列哪项不正确
单选题女，46岁。胃大部切除术后8天，出现剧烈腹痛，呕吐频繁，量少，不含胆汁，上腹部偏右有压痛性包块，应首先考虑
单选题A．溶血反应B．过敏反应C．发热反应D．细菌污染反应
单选题直肠癌最常见的远处转移是
单选题单纯使用根治性切除手术治疗骨肉瘤，5年存活率不高，其主要原因是A．早期髓腔内广泛蔓延B．早期淋巴管内瘤栓形成C．早期血液中发现瘤细胞D．早期广泛侵犯软组织E．多见于年轻人
单选题女，25岁，外伤后右侧股骨髁上骨折，在转院途中突然出现患肢剧痛，足背动脉搏动消失，足趾苍白、麻木发凉，小腿张力增高，局部有水泡，牵拉足趾引起小腿疼痛。
单选题下列选项中，最能提示化脓性腹膜炎病情加重的临床指标是A．腹式呼吸消失B．腹肌紧张加重C．腹痛加重D．腹胀加重
单选题拾物试验阳性的骨关节疾病的是
单选题尸体肾移植预后更为主要的配型是
单选题下列转移性骨肿瘤的转移途径中，哪项说法是错误的
单选题患者，男性，30岁，尿频，尿不尽感，腰痛。前列腺液内白细胞20个／HP，应考虑
单选题A．胆总管下端结石B．急性胰腺炎C．假性胰腺囊肿D．壶腹部癌E．慢性胰腺炎
单选题瘢痕性幽门梗阻病人术前纠正体液代谢和酸碱平衡失调时。选用的液体应为( )(1998年)
单选题患者，男性，32岁，左腰痛伴显微镜下血尿反复发作4年，近3天无尿。右肾已切除。体格检查神志朦胧，全身浮肿，血压24／13kPa，左肾区叩痛。血尿素氮53.6mmol／L，腹部平片于左骶髂关节下缘见一1.0cm×0.8cm高密度阴影1枚，为明确诊断，宜作下列哪种检查
单选题A．超声检查B．放射性核素肝扫描C．CT检查D．选择性腹腔动脉造影E．X线检查
单选题下列骨折中，治疗需要达到解剖复位的有
单选题女，40岁，大量饮酒后上腹部剧烈疼痛8小时，疼痛为持续性。查体：T38．5℃，上腹部压痛、反跳痛。血常规：WBC17．1×10
9
/L，N0．83；血淀粉酶605索氏单位，尿淀粉酶195索氏（Somogyi）单位，诊断首先考虑为
单选题A．乳头状腺癌B．滤泡状腺癌C．未分化癌D．髓样癌E．结甲继发恶变
单选题A．类风湿关节炎B．膝关节化脓性关节炎C．膝关节滑膜结核D．膝关节全关节结核
单选题The idea is as audacious as it altruistic: provide a personal laptop computer to every schoolchild -- particularly in the poorest parts of the world. The first step to making that happen is whittling the price down to $100. And that is the goal of a group of American techno-gurus led by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of the fabled MIT Media Lab. When he unveiled the idea at the World Economic Forum in January it seemed wildly ambitious. But surprisingly, it is starting to become a reality. Mr. Negroponte plans to display the first prototype in November at a UN summit. Four countries -- Brazil, Egypt, Thailand and South Africa -- have said they will buy over I m units each. Production is due to start in late 2006. How is the group, called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), able to create a laptop so inexpensively? It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways. The laptop will have a basic processor made by AMD, flash memory instead of a hard disk, will be powered by batteries or a hand-crank, and will run open-source software. The $100 laptop also puts all the components behind the screen, not under the keyboard, so there is no need for an expensive hinge. So far, OLPC has got the price down to around $130. But good news for the world's poor, may not be such great news for the world's computer manufacturers. The new machine is not simply of interest in the developing world. On September 22nd, Mitt Romney, the governor of Massachusetts, said the state should purchase one for every secondary-school student, when they become available. Sales to schools are just one way in which the $100 laptop could change the computer industry more broadly. By depressing prices and fuelling the trend for "good-enough computing", where customers upgrade less often, it could eventually put pressure on the world's biggest PC-makers.
单选题尿道结石的主要症状是
单选题过敏性休克患者外周血管阻力的变化是
单选题男性，19岁。3周前出现发热、咽痛。伴腰痛、肉眼血尿，经口服抗生素治疗后好转。2天前受凉后又出现发热、咽痛及肉眼血尿。既往体健。查体：体温：38．5℃，扁桃体Ⅲ°大，有脓点，面部及双下肢无水肿。尿化验：蛋白(+)，红细胞满视野。24小时蛋白定量0．8g。
单选题外科感染严重的症状是（ ）
单选题预防腰麻后头痛的主要措施为（ ）
单选题胫骨下1/3处骨折，愈合较慢的原因是A．附近的主要血管损伤B．附近的周围神经损伤C．远侧骨折段完全丧失血液供应D．远侧骨折段血液供应减弱
单选题A．排便可加重肛门疼痛，伴大便带鲜血B．肛周肿痛伴发热C．反复发作的肛周红肿疼痛，窦道外口流出脓性分泌物D．肛门疼痛，伴有局部暗紫色肿块E．排便时出血、无痛
单选题深部脓肿的临床表现是
单选题胰腺组织与内、外分泌的关系中，下列哪项是错误的（ ）
单选题抑制素的化学性质是
单选题稳定型股骨颈骨折是
单选题慢痛的传入纤维是
单选题与子宫内膜癌关系最密切的是
单选题女性，21岁，患“肾炎”4年，2天来发热、咳嗽，查体T38℃，重症贫血貌，心界向左下扩大，心率130次/分，右肺满布湿性哕音，肝在肋下1cm，无明显水肿，肾功能严重损害，胸透右肺炎症，应选下列哪种抗生素A．多黏菌素B．卡那菌素C．青霉素D．庆大霉素E．四环素
单选题A．髓质型B．蕈伞型C．溃疡型D．缩窄型
单选题男，45岁，3年前曾行肺移植，后发生肾衰竭而行肾移植，术后18小时，尿量为1200mL，而20小时起渐无尿排出，血肌酐迅速升高。他发生的排斥度应是
单选题外科病人最常见的酸碱平衡失调是
单选题烧伤现场急救时，下列做法不正确的是
单选题男，75岁，查体血清PSA14．6ng／ml，MRI提示前列腺右边缘叶直径约0．3cm低回声，前列腺包膜完整。前列腺穿刺活检提示：穿刺6针，1针阳性，前列腺腺癌，该患者应采取的治疗措施为
单选题A．Cushing溃疡 B．十二指肠溃疡C．Curling溃疡D．复发性溃疡E．吻合口溃疡 (2001年)
单选题最常用于胰腺癌辅助诊断及术后随访指标的实验室检查项目是
单选题男性患者，46岁，既往无消化性溃疡病史。6小时前突然腹痛难忍，呈刀割样，自上腹开始，很快扩散至全腹。入院体检：BP 90／65mmHg，心率100次／分，呼吸20次／分。患者表情痛苦、面色苍白，出冷汗。腹肌强直，全腹压痛反跳痛，以右下腹明显。患者最可能的诊断是
单选题A，头痛、呕吐、视盘水肿 B，血压升高、脉搏呼吸变慢 C，头痛呕吐颈项强直，生命征紊乱，早期出现呼吸的改变而意识瞳孔的改变较晚 D，头痛呕吐意识障碍，病变同侧瞳孔散大伴对侧瘫痪 E，对侧肢体偏瘫
单选题发生切口疝最主要的病因是A．腹部手术切口为纵行切口B．切口过长，缝合不够严密，对合差C．引流物放置过久D．切口发生感染E．病人术后腹胀
单选题下列哪些情况下，口服胆囊造影时，胆囊不显影
单选题男，68岁，上中腹持续胀痛3个月，平卧加重，巩膜黄染逐渐加深，尿深黄，粪便灰白色，伴有皮肤瘙痒，体重减轻7kg。查体：腹软，右季肋下2cm触及胆囊。Murphy征（一）。最可能的诊断是
单选题患者，男性，26岁，24年来尿频、尿急、尿痛，有时尿混浊，伴终末血尿，一般抗生素无效。尿液检查：脓球40～50个／HP，红细胞20～30个／HP，蛋白(+)。该病人经检查，诊断“左肾结核”，住院后体检：双肾未触及，肾区无压痛及叩击痛。最可能的发现是
单选题甲亢术后出现声音嘶哑，饮水无呛咳，可能是由于
单选题下列选项中，不属于膜性肾小球肾炎电镜下特点的是
单选题A．胆汁性呕吐B．粪性呕吐C．血性呕吐D．呕吐物为宿食
单选题根据尿素氮测定值来判断，下列哪项属于中度肾功能损害
单选题下列哪项不符合尿道综合征A．好发于中年女性B．有尿频C．有排尿不畅D．尿白细胞均不增多E．尿细菌培养阴性
单选题男性，35岁，一周前鼻部出现一疖，3日前不慎受挤压而加重。查体：体温38℃；脉率90次／分；两眼周围均红肿，鼻部疖附近更甚。局部不压时不痛。病人神志清楚，配合治疗。血白细胞计数12×10
9
／L。应考虑已并发
单选题经皮肝穿刺胆管造影（PTC）的禁忌症是
单选题口底、颌下和颈部的急性蜂窝织炎，可并发
单选题内脏痛对哪些刺激不敏感
单选题A．清洁伤口 B．沾染伤口C．感染伤口 D．二期愈合E．一期愈合
单选题下列关于胰腺假性囊肿的叙述中，正确的是( )(2010年)
单选题面部疖肿手术时，皮肤消毒比较正确的方法
单选题A．1：1000新清尔灭溶液浸泡1～2小时B．1：1000新洁尔灭溶液浸泡2～3小时C．1：1000新洁尔灭溶液浸泡4小时D．2％戊二醛水溶液浸泡1小时
单选题戴无菌手套时，尚未戴无菌手套的手，只能允许接触手套的A．外面B．套口的向外翻折部分C．掌面D．套口E．侧面
单选题A．急性胰腺炎B．急性胆囊炎C．急性胆管炎D．急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎
单选题球部尿道损伤后，导致的明显尿外渗，局部处理方法应是
单选题赵先生，行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。术后第3天，护士查房时发现T管无胆汁流出，病人诉腹部胀痛。首先应（ ）
单选题慢性肾衰竭时高血压的发生机制，下列哪项是正确的
单选题早期膝关节滑膜结核，除全身治疗及局部制动外，局部治疗首选( )(1994年)
单选题甲亢时甲状腺24小时摄取
131
I的量超过人体总量的
单选题A．多见于老年，膝关节病变常见，疼痛与关节活动关系密切B．好发于青壮年，发病部位多为骶髂关节、脊柱及髋、膝关节，无化脓及死骨形成C．各年龄组均有发病，儿童多见，病变多位于腰椎，成人常有椎间盘受累，有低热、消瘦等全身症状D．多发于女性，手足等小关节先受累，关节发病有对称性E．多见于中老年，病变累及椎体，可侵袭椎弓根，椎间盘较少受累
单选题老年女性，不慎摔倒，左髋部着地，当即左髋剧痛，不能站立，急诊来院。检查见左下肢缩短，外旋畸形。其最可能的诊断是
单选题A．静脉尿路造影 B．CTC．经皮肾穿刺造影 D．尿道膀胱造影
单选题直肠癌Dukes分期，不正确的是（ ）
单选题三年前曾行破伤风自动免疫者，受伤后应做下列哪项处理即可预防破伤风
单选题尿脱落细胞学检查适用于
单选题下述各项中不是半月板损伤急性期表现的是
单选题原发肝癌早期转移途径为
单选题When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the (1) population of a region or country which may be (2) grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to (3) immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it (4) naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead (5) of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, (6) his body's immune system can learn to fight the invader (7) . Information (8) how to penetrate the disease's defenses is (9) to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that (10) the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to (11) with it, having already done so before.There are, however, dangers (12) in the process. (13) , even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves (14) much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system (15) , and, therefore, the patient's death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, (16) to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly (17) the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. (18) 1 in 10,000 people who receive the vaccine (19) the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a (20) , may indeed hide some hidden curses. Notes: proportions(pl.)规模；程度；大小。affliction(疾病)痛苦。vaccination n.接种疫苗。eradicate v.根除，消灭。
单选题A．椎间盘退行性变B．积累损伤C．遗传因素D．椎间盘增生突出
单选题大肠痛最好发的部位在（ ）
单选题饱食后急症病人严禁开放滴乙醚麻醉是因为
单选题25岁男性患者，咽痛7天后出现全身水肿、尿少，血压170/105mmHg，血红蛋白115g/L，尿蛋白(＋＋)，红细胞(＋＋＋)，14天后尿量减至350ml/d，血肌酐675pmol/L，BUN 28mmol/L，最可能的诊断是
单选题肾病综合征不伴有A．蛋白尿B．水肿C．血尿D．低蛋白血症E．高脂血症
单选题硬膜外阻滞的麻醉平面与下列哪项因素无关A．穿刺间隙B．麻药容积C．麻药种类D．导管方向
单选题下列不符合交界性黏液性囊腺瘤的是
单选题男，30岁，持续右下腹疼痛5天，伴恶心、呕吐，无体重下降。查体：体温38．6℃，右下腹触及一个约3cm×5cm大小的包块，质硬，边界不清，表面欠光滑，活动度差，有压痛，血白细胞20×10
9
/L，初步诊断是
单选题畸胎瘤常发生于下列哪些部位
单选题诊断门静脉高压症最有意义的征象是
单选题使用利尿剂治疗心力衰竭，下列哪项是错误的( )(1999年)
单选题胃空肠吻合口溃疡最常见的并发症是（ ）
单选题诊断骨折的主要依据是
单选题男，29岁，左下胸受压，伴腹痛、恶心、呕吐人院。检查：面色苍白，四肢湿冷，脉搏120次／分，血压80／60mmHg，腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液。应采取正确的处理原则
单选题肝内胆管结石的特点是
单选题有关急性肾盂肾炎，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题溶血性贫血进行脾切除的适应证是
单选题骨折的急救不包括
单选题colles骨折的典型移位方向是（ ）
单选题属于激素敏感型的肾小球病多为
单选题A．骨筋膜室综合征B．骨化性肌炎C．脂肪栓塞D．出血性休克
单选题急性大出血时，对难于鉴别的病人，可试行止血的是
单选题A．抗生素治疗B．保守治疗无效再手术C．中药治疗D．尽早手术
单选题男，18岁，淹溺后呼吸心跳停止8分钟，心肺复苏后3天出现呼吸困难，气促，烦躁，面罩吸氧不能缓解。症状进行性加重，体温37．4℃，呼吸42次/分，心率120次/分，心律齐，双肺可闻及干啰音，胸片显示斑片状阴影，血压100/70mmHg，血气分析PaO
2
50mmHg．PaCO
2
30mmHg，氧合指数（PaO
2
/FiO
2
）180mmHg。
单选题低钾血症病人，补钾后病情仍无改善时，应考虑有
单选题下述哪种激素能在排卵前一天左右诱发排卵所必需的LH峰
单选题输血可传播以下哪一种疾病A．结核B．伤寒C．疟疾D．钩虫病E．甲型肝炎
单选题阑尾易发生坏死，是因为
单选题机体调节体液平衡主要通过的系统或器官是
单选题髋关节后脱位
单选题患者，男，35岁。反复水肿伴血压高5年，近半年来夜尿增多，有时牙龈出血，口渴，气促，面色逐渐苍白，曾化验血红蛋白为65g／L，1天前稀便多次后逐渐神志不清。2年前曾患急性甲型肝炎已愈。为明确昏迷原因，除全面查体外，首选的检查是( )(2009年)
单选题患者，男性，40岁，因右前臂卷入机器导致右手伸指困难，伴轻度疼痛。检查：一般情况良好，右上臂和前臂均肿胀，无皮肤挫裂伤，右手手指不能伸直，右肘和腕关节活动良好，手部血液循环良好，X线片未发现骨关节损伤。诊断为
单选题急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎属于A．急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎B．新月体性肾小球肾炎C．膜性肾小球肾炎D．膜性增生性肾小球肾炎E．轻微病变性肾小球肾炎
单选题A．眼球突出B．智力减退C．皮肤黏膜色素沉着D．纤维性骨炎
单选题关于高渗性脱水的临床表现的叙述中，不正确的是
单选题关于消化性溃疡大出血的叙述，下列哪项不正确
单选题高位小肠梗阻的表现是
单选题A．血管损伤 B．神经损伤C．骨折延迟愈合 D．骨筋膜室综合征
单选题有关直肠肛管的淋巴引流，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题输尿管结石最常发生的部位是
单选题关于慢性肾衰伴发心脏扩大的原因，下列哪项是错误的A．水钠潴留B．高血压C．尿毒症性心肌病变D．心包炎E．严重贫血
单选题臂丛的组成是A．C5～8T1的前支B．C5～8T1的后支C．C5～8T1的前支和后支D．C5～7T1的后支
单选题男性泌尿系损伤中，最常见的部位是
单选题下列描述中哪项不正确A．每口尿量＜100ml为无尿B．每日尿蛋向量持续＞150mg为蛋白尿C．12小时尿红细胞计数＞50万为镜下血尿D．12小时尿沉渣计数管型＞1万为管型尿E．12小时尿白细胞计数＞100万为白细胞尿
单选题穿无菌手术衣和戴无菌手套后，无菌的范围
单选题下列哪一项不是肾癌常见的肾外表现
单选题子宫颈浸润癌大体分以下四型，组织学上多属原位癌和早期浸润癌的类型是
单选题关于手肌腱损伤的修复，下列哪项不正确?
单选题男，68岁，排尿困难伴尿急、尿痛4年。查体：直肠指检前列腺增大，质软，中央沟消失。尿常规示白细胞(＋)、红细胞(－)。膀胱区平片未见异常。首先考虑的诊断是
单选题吸入麻醉药毒性最小的是
单选题关节活动障碍的原因中，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题男性，26岁，2天前弯腰持重时感腰痛，后遂感疼痛向右下肢放散，行走时有下肢麻木。最可能的诊断是
单选题一幽门梗阻病人，血氯83毫克当量／升，血钾3．2毫克当量／升，应补给何种液体( )(1991年)
单选题多发的T1期膀胱癌，治疗后多次复发并且恶性程度增高，应选择
单选题尿结石的形成部位是（ ）
单选题有关急性膀胱炎的体征，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题Cultural responses to modernization often manifest themselves in the mass media. For example, Aldous Huxley, in Brave New World, created a fictional world in which he cautioned readers that modern science and technology posed a threat to individual dignity. Charlie Chaplin's film Modern Times, set in a futuristic manufacturing plant, also told the story of the dehumanizing impact of modernization and machinery. Writers and artists, in their criticisms of the modern world, often point to technology's ability to alienate people from one another, capitalism's tendency to foster greed, and government's inclination to create bureaucracies that oppress rather than help people. Among the major values of the modern period, four typically manifest themselves in the cultural environment: celebrating the individual, believing in rational order, working efficiently, and rejecting tradition. These values of the modern period were originally embodied in the printing press and later in newspapers and magazines. The print media encouraged the vision of individual writers, publishers, and readers who circulated new ideas. Whereas the premodern period was guided by strong beliefs in a natural or divine order, becoming modern meant elevating individual self-expression to a central position. Along with democratic breakthroughs, however, individualism and the Industrial Revolution triggered modern forms of hierarchy, in which certain individuals and groups achieved higher standing in the social order. For example, those who managed commercial enterprises gained more control over the economic ladder, while an intellectual class of modern experts, who mastered specialized realms of knowledge, gained increasing power over the nation's social, political, and cultural agendas. To be modern also meant to value the capacity of organized, scientific minds to solve problems efficiently. Progressive thinkers maintained that the printing press, the telegraph, and the railroad in combination with a scientific attitude would foster a new type of informed society. At the core of this society, the printed mass media, particularly newspapers, would educate the citizenry, helping to build and maintain an organized social framework. Journalists strove for the premodern ideal through a more fact-based and efficient approach to reporting. They discarded decorative writing and championed a lean look. Modern front-page news de-emphasized description, commentary, and historical context. The lead sentences that reported a presidential press conference began to look similar, whether they were on the front page in Tupelo, Mississippi, or Wahpeton, North Dakota. Just as modern architecture made many American skylines look alike, the front pages of newspapers began to resemble one another. Finally, to be modern meant to throw off the rigid rules of the past, to break with tradition. Modern journalism became captivated by timely and immediate events. As a result, the more standardized forms of front-page journalism, on the one hand, championed facts and current events while efficiently meeting deadlines. But on the other hand, modern newspapers often failed to take a historical perspective or to analyze sufficiently the ideas underlying these events.
单选题梗阻性黄疸的病人，血总胆红素342μmol/L(20mg/dl)，肝内外胆管扩张。最有价值的检查是（ ）
单选题男性，18岁。近一年反复腰部疼痛，活动受限。近两月来，又出现双髋疼痛，轻度屈曲畸形，需拄拐行走。X线检查显示：双侧骶髂关节面模糊，双侧股骨头表面毛糙，髋关节间隙变窄。(2012年)
单选题急性水肿性胰腺炎的临床表现中，下列哪项是错误的
单选题Thomas征是检查下列哪种畸形的恰当方法
单选题破伤风的治疗中，应用哪种抗生素效果较好
单选题男性，20岁，工人，用力打苍蝇时致右肱骨上端骨折，此时应首先考虑是A．肱骨大结节撕脱骨折B．肱骨外科颈骨折C．肱骨解剖颈骨折D．病理骨折E．疲劳骨折
单选题区别血尿和血红蛋白尿的主要方法是
单选题早期胃癌多发生在
单选题"My own feelings went from disbelief to excitement to downright fear," says Carl Hergenrother, 23, an Arizona undergraduate who verified a large asteroid barreling toward Earth with a 230em telescope atop nearby Kitt Peak. "It was scary, because there was the possibility that we were confirming the demise of some city somewhere, or some state or small country." Well, not quite. Early last week, his celestial interloper whizzed by Earth, missing the planet by 450620 km--a hairbreadth in astronomical terms. Perhaps half a kilometer across, it was the largest object ever observed to pass that close to Earth. Duncan Steel, an Australian astronomer, has calculated that if the asteroid had struck Earth, it would have hit at some 93450 km/h. The resulting explosion, scientists estimate, would have been in the 3000-to-12000-megaton range. That, says astronomer Eugene Shoemaker, a pioneer asteroid and comet hunter, "is like taking all of the U.S. and Soviet nuclear weapons, putting them in one pile and blowing them all up." And what if one them is found to be on a collision course with Earth? Scientists at the national laboratories at Livermore, California, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, have devised a number of ingenious plans that, given enough warning time, could protect Earth from a threatening NEO. Their defensive weapons of choice include long-distance missiles with conventional or, more likely, nuclear warheads that could be used either to nudge an asteroid into a safe orbit or blast it to smithereens. Many people-including some astronomers--are understandably nervous about putting a standby squadron of nuclear tipped missiles in place. Hence the latest strategy, which in some cases would obviate the need for a nuclear defense: propelling a fusillade of cannonball-size steel spheres at an approaching asteroid. In a high-velocity encounter with a speeding NEO, explains Gregory Canavan, a senior scientist at Los Alamos, "the kinetic energy of the balls would change into heat energy and blow the thing apart." Some astronomers oppose any immediate defensive preparations, citing the high costs and low odds of a large object's striking Earth in the coming decades. But at the very least, Shoemaker contends, NEO detection should be accelerated. "There's this thing cal4ed the 'giggle factor' in Congress," he says, "people in Congress and also at the top level in NASA still don't take it seriously. But we should move ahead. It's a matter of prudence." The world, however, still seems largely unconcerned with the danger posed by large bodies hurtling in from space, despite the spectacle two years ago of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 riddling the planet Jupiter with mammoth explosions. It remains to be seen whether last week's record near-miss has changed any minds.
单选题关于破伤风的叙述，下列哪项是错误的?
单选题直肠肛管周围脓肿最常见的病因是
单选题治疗早期胃癌的有效方法是
单选题下列符合休克代偿期血压变化的是
单选题慢性肾衰竭最常见的死亡原因是
单选题A．高钾血症B．低钾血症C．代谢性酸中毒D．低钙血症
单选题诊断原发性肝癌的特异性指标是
单选题肠套叠好发于
单选题女性，58岁，诊断为急性坏疽性阑尾炎伴弥漫性腹膜炎入院，行阑尾切除术。术后第5天腹胀、腹痛、发热，体温39℃，大便4～6次／日，呈水样。肛门有下坠感，腹部有轻压痛，未触及肿块。首先应考虑的并发症是
单选题胃大部切除术后上腹饱胀，呕吐食物胆汁最可能为（ ）
单选题A．疝内容物为小肠B．疝内容物为大网膜C．疝内容物为Meckle憩室D．疝内容物为多个小肠肠袢E．疝内容物为部分小肠壁
单选题原发性肝癌的肝内播散主要经
单选题留置导尿管＞3天后，细菌尿的发生率是
单选题A、腰穿显示血性脑脊液的B、典型的中间清醒期C、熊猫眼征及脑脊液鼻漏D、CT和MR无改变的脑外伤E、外伤后即表现为深度昏迷
单选题肛裂最常见于膝胸位A．12点处B．3点处C．6点处D．9点处E．3点和6点处
单选题A．乳头血性溢液B．乳头黄绿色或浆液性溢液C．两者均有D．两者均无
单选题女性，50岁，脐周痛12小时，扩散至全腹痛2小时，右侧腹部压痛，反跳痛，肌张，尤以有下腹为显著，结肠充气试验(+)，腹部透视无异常，白细胞：2.06×109/L中性0.87，尿红细胞2～4个/HP。应考虑A．急性胰腺炎B．急性胆囊炎C．右侧输尿管结石D．右侧输卵管妊娠破裂E．急性阑尾炎穿孔
单选题深Ⅱ°烧伤的深度
单选题直肠周围脓肿的治疗是（ ）
单选题血液中甲状腺素与血清蛋白结合，其中
单选题盆腔位阑尾炎导致的临床症状是
单选题下列关于自体输血的描述，错误的是
单选题高压蒸气灭菌对灭菌物品的要求为压力104．0～137．3kPa
单选题A．杯口征或弹簧征 B．鸟嘴征 C．铅管征 D．线样征
单选题On the first Earth Day, the U.S. was a poisoned nation. Dense air pollution blanketed cities like Los Angeles, where smog alerts were a fact of life. Dangerous pesticides like DDT were still in use, and water pollution was rampant—symbolized by raging fires on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River. But the green movement that was energized by Earth Day— and the landmark federal actions that followed it—changed much of that. Today air pollution is down significantly in most urban areas, the water is cleaner, and even the Cuyahoga is home to fish again. But if the land is healing, Americans may be sickening. Since World War Ⅱ, production of industrial chemicals has risen rapidly, and the U.S. generates or imports some 19 billion kg of them per day. These aren't the sorts of chemicals that come to mind when we picture pollution—huge plants spilling contaminated wastewater into rivers. Rather, they're the molecules that make good on the old "better living through chemistry" promise, appearing in items like unbreakable baby bottles and big-screen TVs. Those chemicals have a, habit of finding their way out of everyday products and into the environment—and ultimately into living organisms. A recent biomonitoring survey found traces of 212 environmental chemicals in Americans—including toxic metals, pesticides, etc. "It's not the environment that's contaminated so much," says the director of the Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center. "It's us." As scientists get better at detecting the chemicals in our bodies, they're discovering that even tiny quantities of toxins can have a potentially serious impact on our health—and our children's future. Chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates—key ingredients in modern plastics—may disrupt the delicate endocrine system. A host of modern ills that have been rising unchecked for a generation—obesity, diabetes, attention-deficit disorder —could have chemical connections. "We don't give environmental exposure the attention it deserves," says Dr. Philip Landrigan. "But there's an emerging understanding that kids are uniquely susceptible to environmental hazards." Washington has been slow to arrive at that conclusion. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the 34-year-old vehicle for federal chemical regulation, has generally been a failure. The burden of proving chemicals dangerous falls almost entirely on the government. And the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been able to issue restrictions on only a handful of chemicals and has lacked the power to ban even some dangerous cancer-causing substances. But change is coming. The Obama Administration is taking a closer look at chemicals. More important, Congress may finally be ready to act. "We can't permit this assault on our children's health—and our own health—to continue," says Senator Frank Lautenberg.
单选题Crohn病最多见于（ ）
单选题关于骶椎麻醉(骶麻)下列哪项是正确的
单选题骨关节结核病人需要手术病灶清除时，应该
单选题腹部闭合性损伤手术探查时发现横结肠系膜根部有较多气泡，应高度怀疑的创伤是
单选题临床型肾结核绝大多数是A．双侧性病变B．腰痛症状显著C．全身症状突出D．尿毒症症状明显E．尿频、尿急、尿痛为主要表现
单选题关于消化性溃疡的治疗，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题哪种情况下禁忌使用γ羟丁酸麻醉
单选题硬膜外麻醉穿刺操作时不慎刺破硬脊膜，术后最容易出现
单选题关于上尿路结石常用检查方法的描述，错误的是
单选题早期胃癌的有效治疗方法是
单选题双侧瞳孔时大时小变化不定，对光反射消失、伴眼球运动障碍是下列哪种损伤的常见表现（ ）
单选题A．高钾血症 B．低钾血症C．代谢性酸中毒 D．低钙血症E．水中毒
单选题下列哪项是胆囊癌的癌前病变
单选题下列关于甲状腺大部切除术的叙述，错误的是
单选题继发性化脓性腹膜炎病情重的主要原因是A．大肠杆菌感染B．厌氧菌感染C．链球菌感染D．变形杆菌感染E．混合性感染
单选题便后出血与用力负重后有软块从肛门露出，应考虑（ ）
单选题下列关于睾丸功能调节的叙述，哪一项是错误的
单选题关于外伤性血胸的叙述，下列哪项错误
单选题前列腺癌最常见的好发部位是
单选题5岁男孩，突发寒战，体温39℃，右膝部疼痛剧烈，不敢活动，局部无明显肿胀。应首先考虑的是
单选题增生型肠结核好发于
单选题男性，42岁，餐后上腹隐痛4年，此次饱餐后突发上腹刀割样剧痛2小时，疼痛很快扩散到全腹。体检：脸色苍白，出冷汗，体温36.5℃，脉搏96次/分，血压110/80mmHg，全腹压痛，反跳痛、肌紧张，以中上腹最明显，肠呜音消失，白细胞12×109/L，中性0.8。为协助诊断，首先应作哪项检查A．急查血淀粉酶B．急症胃镜检查C．急症钡餐检查D．腹部站立位X线透视E．急查尿淀粉酶
单选题女，40岁，大量饮酒后上腹部剧烈疼痛8小时，疼痛为持续性。查体：T 38．5℃，上腹部压痛、反跳痛。血常规：WBC 17．1×10
9
／L，中性粒细胞0．83；血淀粉酶605索氏单位，尿淀粉酶195索氏(Somogyi)单位，诊断首先考虑为
单选题不符合肾小球肾炎的描述是
单选题神经损伤后，近端毁损，无法接续者，可进行的治疗方法为
单选题术后尿路感染的基本病因是
单选题继发性腹膜炎最常见的致病菌是
单选题下列不符合交界性浆液性囊腺瘤的是
单选题绞窄性肠梗阻的临床表现，哪项是错误的A．出现腹膜刺激征B．持续剧痛无缓解C．呕吐血性或棕褐色液体D．肠鸣音消失E．X线片显示膨胀突出的孤立肠袢随时间改变位置
单选题对手术耐受力不良的患者特殊准备中，错误的是
单选题尿道上裂手术的最佳时间（ ）
单选题尿中发现大量透明管型时，提示病变在
单选题下列关于骨巨细胞瘤的叙述，错误的是( )(2011年)
单选题A．重要动脉损伤B．重要神经损伤C．两者均可D．两者均不可 (2001年)
单选题有关急性血源性骨髓炎的治疗，下列哪项是错误的
单选题下列与阑尾相关的叙述，错误的是( )(2004年)
单选题关于消化性溃疡，以下哪项是处科手术治疗的绝对适应证
单选题目前治疗急性胰腺炎时，抑制胰液分泌效果最好的药物是
单选题肩关节脱位最常见的类型是
单选题肠套叠时钡灌肠的典型x线征象是
单选题A．创伤性关节炎B．骨筋膜室综合征C．外伤性移位D．关节僵硬
单选题A．腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术B．经腹腔低位直肠癌切除术C．经腹直肠癌切除、人工肛门、远端封闭术D．拉下式直肠癌切除术E．乙状结肠造口术
单选题有关滑囊炎的观点中，错误的是
单选题一位病人输血约40ml时发生寒战、发热、呼吸闲难、腰痛等症状，通常提示A．溶血反应B．非溶血性发热反应C．细菌污染D．变态反应E．枸橼酸盐的毒性
单选题引起间歇性跛行的原因是
单选题尿道球部断裂，首选的手术方式是
单选题女，45岁，术后行PCA镇痛，深呼吸时疼痛，安静时无疼痛，按Prince一Henry评分法可评
单选题心肺复苏的后期处理(院内处理)不包括下列哪项工作A．接替人工呼吸、心脏按摩，进行生理监测B．心律转复C．输血输液D．呼吸道管理E．立即对并发的创伤或病变进行外科治疗
单选题输尿管结石行输尿管镜碎石后远期并发症是
单选题A．遗传性球形红细胞增多症B．海洋性贫血C．遗传性椭圆形红细胞增多症D．丙酮酸激酶缺乏症E．自体免疫性溶血性贫血
单选题导致脏层上皮细胞足突消失融合的肾小球肾炎有
单选题鉴别原发性肝癌与继发性肝癌有意义的检查是
单选题A．气胸B．肝功能损害C．胆囊结石D．难以控制的高血糖
单选题下述哪种不属于肩关节创伤性脱位
单选题A．子宫平滑肌发行的良性肿瘤B．子宫平滑肌发生的恶性肿瘤C．子宫内膜腺上皮发生的恶性肿瘤D．子宫颈鳞状上皮发生的恶性肿瘤
单选题关于清创原则，下列哪项不恰当
单选题直肠癌发生剧烈疼痛是因为
单选题A．休克代偿期 B．无休克C．重度休克 D．中度休克
单选题目前术后镇痛最好的止痛方法是
单选题锁骨上神经阻滞是阻滞了臂丛神经的哪一部分A．根B．干C．股D．束E．支
单选题患者，男性，65岁，尿频伴排尿困难5年，曾有尿潴留病史，查体：前列腺Ⅱ°肥大。中央沟消失，心肺功能正常，应选择哪种治疗
单选题下列哪一项不是必须紧急施行透析的指征A．因体液超载而引起的充血性心衰B．未能纠正的进行性酸中毒C．经治疗无效的高钾血症D．尿毒症性心包炎E．血肌酊高达6mg/dl
单选题应激性溃疡的首发症状为
单选题腹外疝的发病原因中最重要的是
单选题男，48岁，患肺癌3年，近来“三阶梯方案”治疗无效，应选择的癌痛治疗方法是
单选题持续性腹痛见于
单选题绞窄性肠梗阻导致的酸碱平衡失调是
单选题下列关于急性胰腺炎病因的叙述，错误的是( )(2005年)
单选题下列关于MODS的叙述，错误的是
单选题下列不属于内源性抗原的是
单选题术中的无菌原则，下列哪些项是正确的
单选题下列检查中，哪一项对鉴别单纯性与绞窄性肠梗阻最有帮助（ ）
单选题A．瘘管切开术B．挂线疗法C．肛裂切除术D．局部用药E．口服缓泻剂
单选题胃大部切除术后发生胃肠吻合口破裂或瘘时，经手术引流后，吻合口瘘常能自行愈合，愈合时间为（ ）
单选题关于腹外疝的叙述，下列哪项不正确A．腹外、疝中，斜疝嵌顿者最多B．肠管壁疝发生于股管的较多C．腹壁下动脉位于斜疝疝囊颈的内侧D．直疝多见于老年人，极少嵌顿E．最常发生切口疝的是经腹直肌切口
单选题关于拆线时间的叙述，错误的是
单选题对诊断急性血源性骨髓炎有重要意义的依据是
单选题骨折整复时缓解肌肉紧张的最好办法是
单选题诊断出急性化脓性腹膜炎后，进一步要明确的重要环节是( )(1993年)
单选题成人双手占体表面积的
单选题恶性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要区别是
单选题肩前方疼痛，肩关节活动受限，X线片阴性。在下列治疗中极为重要的是
单选题A．血C3正常 B．血C3在疾病活动期下降C．血C3持续降低 D．C3在起病初期下降，8周内恢复正常
单选题A．内痔B．肛瘘C．肛裂D．直肠癌
单选题细菌性肝脓肿的临床表现中，下列哪项是错误的
单选题A．伤后彻底清创、改善局部循环B．使用破伤风抗毒素中和游离毒素C．控制和解除痉挛、预防窒息D．给予大剂量青霉素，抑制破伤风杆菌
单选题胫腓骨中1/3骨折患者，复位后，用长腿石膏固定，4个月骨折愈合拆除石膏后，发现膝关节功能发生障碍，其原因是
单选题肌酐清除率与下列哪项无关A．滤过膜孔径增大B．肾血流量C．滤过膜的通透性D．滤过面积E．有效滤过压
单选题切除的子宫标本行病理检查，光镜下见子宫壁深肌层内有大量异型的滋养层细胞浸润，并有绒毛结构，应诊断为
单选题Miles手术的绝对适应证是
单选题A．喝水发呛B．声音嘶哑C．两者均有D．两者均无
单选题股骨颈化脓性骨髓炎容易并发化脓性髋关节炎的主要原因是
单选题下述哪项不是体外冲击波碎石术的并发症
单选题A．肾小球滤过率450μmol／L但707μmol／L
单选题有关肱骨外上髁炎，下列哪项是错误的
单选题下列哪种病菌引起的感染是特异性感染?
单选题在下列与肾炎相关的炎症介质中，哪一个是近年来发现的更重要的炎症介质A．补体B．凝血因子C．中性蛋白酶D．血管活性肽E．血管活性胺
单选题26岁男性患者，临床诊断为急性肾炎，则下列哪项临床表现是该患者必有的
单选题诊断门静脉高压症最有意义的征象是
单选题We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute". We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19tb century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out tc conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women's place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved". To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides, the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.
单选题腹股沟管的走行方向是
单选题女性，36岁，1年来乏力、易疲倦、腰部不适，有时下肢浮肿，未检查。2个月来加重，伴纳差，血压增高为150/100mmHg，下肢轻度浮肿。尿蛋白(+)，沉渣RBC5～10个/HP，偶见颗粒管型，血化验Hb90g/L，血肌酐400μmol/L。
单选题一患者，男性，25岁，因外伤造成右侧髂骨骨折伴耻骨联合分离，急诊入院，伤后8小时无小便，一般情况好。考虑可能存在下列哪种情况
单选题Raymond Arth knows he should feel better about the economy. His company hasn't returned to its pre-recession revenues selling its wares to the makers of RVs and manufactured homes, but it is making a profit again. Like too many other small-business proprietors, Arth doesn't fully trust this economic recovery. While he says he's "guardedly optimistic" about it, his actions are all about the first half of that phrase, In the Labor Department's latest snapshot of the country's job market, the private sector added 268,000 jobs in April, the largest gain in five years and the third consecutive month of solid job growth. Yet a more sobering account of where the economy might be headed—and arguably a more accurate barometer of the near-term future—is the monthly report published by the National Federation of Independent Business. After all, it's small businesses, which have created two out of every three new jobs the economy has added since the early 1990s, that historically have led the country out of recessions. And it's the owners of small businesses that the NFIB surveys each month for its Small Business Optimism Index. On that front the news is anything but good. The index is down for the second straight month. Fewer small-business owners expect conditions to improve over the next half year a drop of 18 percentage points from January. The bulk of new hiring must be happening inside larger corporations, since their smaller counterparts on Main Street say they are generally reluctant to create new jobs. That aptly sums up the sentiments of Scott Lipps, the president of the Sleep Tite Mattress Factory. Before the downturn, Lipps says, his sales were about evenly split between his medical clients (hospitals and nursing homes) and consumers buying mattresses through a factory outlet. But sales to the general public plummeted starting in 2008. "The families affected most by the economy have stopped buying," Lipps says. "And those who say 'We have to have a new mattress' are downgrading to a medium-quality mattress. " Despite a 20 percent drop in sales, Lipps and his partner tried to forestall the inevitable by putting up $ 70,000 of their own money. But in 2010 they laid off three of their 18 full-time employees. "It should have happened in 2009, but we let our hearts run the company instead of our billfolds," Lipps says. In Bartlesville, Mat Saddoris is feeling relatively more upbeat. Saddoris is the third-generation owner of United Linen, a restaurant-supply company that cut its workforce by more than 10 percent during the downturn's darkest days. Revenues are back up to pre-2008 levels, and United Linen is back to its pre-recession staffing of 135 employees. But will he take the risk of growing the company? "I talk to my customers and they're optimistic—to a point," he says. "They've all come back from the pits, if you will, and things have been getting better in the past six or seven months. " But, he says, "I don't think they're ready to announce that things have turned around. /
单选题天于骶椎麻醉(骶麻)，下列哪项是正确的A．是硬膜外麻醉B．别名为鞍区阻滞C．易引起马尾综合征D．不易发生局麻药巾毒E．睾丸切除术可用这种麻醉方法
单选题老年人发生肠梗阻的原因最常见的是
单选题预后较好的狼疮性肾小球肾炎是
单选题股骨干1／3骨折出现下列哪种畸形
单选题有关盆腔脓肿的治疗错误的是
单选题引起低渗性缺水的原因有
单选题胃癌晚期血行转移最多见的部位是
单选题男，50岁，潜水员工作22年，近1年来有髋关节疼痛，经服用非甾体抗炎药可短暂缓解，后疼痛加重并呈持续性，渐出现跛行及行走困难。
单选题外伤性血胸，已作肋间插管引流，第1次引流出血性胸液1200mL，以后约100mL，3小时后减至50mL，血压12.0／9.3kPa(90／70mmHg)，心率110次／分，面色苍白，呼吸28次／分，气管移位不明显，最恰当的处理应是
单选题输血可传播以下哪一种疾病( )(1990年)
单选题关于消化性溃疡，以下哪项是外科手术治疗的绝对适应证
单选题影响膀胱肿瘤患者预后的重要因素是
单选题甲状腺次全切除术后，病人出现手足抽搐发作时，最便捷而有效的治疗是A．静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙或氯化钙10～20mlB．口服葡萄糖酸钙或乳酸钙2～4gC．口服维生素D．口服双氢速变固醇油剂E．停食肉类、乳品和蛋类食品
单选题在骨折愈合过程中，哪项是错误的A．血肿机化演进期约需两周方能初步完成B．内、外骨痂由膜内化骨而来，环状及腔内痂由软骨内化骨而来C．原始骨痂形成期，骨痂不断加强，能抗拒一定应力，即达临床愈合D．骨痂由血肿机化而来，血肿较大骨痂多E．骨痂改造塑形期在临床愈合以后
单选题A．青壮年男性B．青壮年女性C．老年男性D．老年女性
单选题使用利尿剂治疗心力衰竭，下列哪项是错误的A．保钾利尿剂宜持续应用B．轻者宜选用噻嗪类或袢利尿剂间隙应用C．有肾功能不全时应选用袢利尿剂D．噻嗪类利尿剂剂量与效应呈线性关系E．袢利尿剂的不良反应多由利尿作用所致
单选题A．允许短缩1．8cmB．允许向内侧成角9度(突向内)C．两者都允许D．两者都不允许 (1993年)
单选题腹部损伤后行腹腔穿刺抽出不凝固血应考虑
单选题下列不符合轻微病变性肾小球肾炎的是
单选题我国导致门静脉高压症的主要原因是
单选题关于Apert综合征，下列说法不正确的是（ ）
单选题关于畸胎瘤，下列哪项不正确
单选题下列不符合内胚窦瘤的描述是
单选题男性，75岁，尿频，尿急，尿痛伴间歇性血尿半年，尿细胞学检查三次阳性。膀胱镜观察，右侧黏膜粗糙，活检病理结果为膀胱原位癌。有关原发性膀胱原位癌的临床表现特点，下列哪项是错误的
单选题高钾血症病人，下列静脉注射液中哪种可有效降低血钾浓度
单选题关于纵隔肿瘤的特异性症状，下列哪项不正确
单选题乙状结肠扭转时钡灌肠X线检查可见扭转部位钡剂受阻呈现( )(2005年)
单选题肺癌手术疗效最好的类型是
单选题男，42岁。顽固性溃疡2年，拟行手术治疗，不应选择的手术方式是
单选题男，54岁，因外伤造成右肱骨外科颈骨折，臂不能外展，三角肌表面皮肤麻木，考虑是损伤了
单选题缺钾性碱中毒时出现反常性酸性尿，原因是
单选题尿毒症患者尿常规检查的特点是
单选题有关脊柱结核，下列哪项说法是不恰当的
单选题嵌顿疝和绞窄性疝的区别是
单选题尿道损伤无法插入导尿管，膀胱胀满者应行（ ）
单选题育龄期女子基础体温的双相变化是下列哪种激素的作用
单选题A．刺激性干咳B．血痰，轻度胸痛C．颈、颜面、上肢静脉怒张，皮下组织水肿D．关节痛，杵状指
单选题A．孤立性肾囊肿 B．多发性肾囊肿C．多囊肾 D．肾盂肾盏囊肿E．髓质海绵肾
单选题弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎的病理特点是A．肾球囊壁层细胞显著增生B．肾小球内新月体形成C．系膜细胞和内皮细胞增生D．毛细血管壁呈双轨状E．毛细血管内皮细胞增生
单选题壶腹部癌的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值的检查是
单选题甲亢病人进行手术时，心率和BMR稳定在
单选题先天性髋脱位的检查，下列哪项在3岁患儿不宜采用( )(1996年)
单选题乳头溢血最常见于
单选题重点在加强腹横筋膜的腹股沟疝修补方法是
单选题A．杯口征或弹簧征B．鸟嘴征C．铅管征D．线样征
单选题急性血源性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌是
单选题关于动脉瘤的临床表现，下列哪项是错误的
单选题下列符合前列腺癌的描述是
单选题A．头低卧位B．高半坐位C．低半坐位D．侧卧位E．平卧位
单选题回肠有炎症或切除术后，易形成结石的原因是
单选题A．血肌酐<1 78μmol／LB．GFR25～50mL／minC．两者均是D．两者均不是 (1999年)
单选题关于急性肾功能衰竭，下列哪项说法是错误的( )(1992年)
单选题女，24岁，产后4周，左乳肿大伴疼痛3天。查体：T38．8℃，左乳明显增大，近乳头处皮肤红肿，触痛明显。WBC13．9×10
9
/L。该患者最可能的诊断是
单选题细菌性肝脓肿，不需与哪种病鉴别
单选题女性，40岁，5天来高热，腰痛伴尿频、尿痛、尿急，曾口服环丙沙星两天不见好转。既往无类似发作史，1个月前曾发现肾盂结石未积极治疗。查体：体温39℃，有肾区有叩击痛，尿蛋白(+)，WBC20～30个/HP，偶见白细胞管型，尿密度1.025。最可能的诊断是A．非复杂性膀胱炎B．非复杂性急性肾盂肾炎C．复杂性膀胱炎D．复杂性急性肾盂肾炎E．慢性肾盂肾炎
单选题下列哪项不是动脉硬化性闭塞症的特点
单选题肾癌的早期症状是
单选题有关胆囊癌下列哪一项不对
单选题男，48岁，患肺癌3年，近来“三阶梯方案”治疗无效，应选择的癌痛治疗方法是
单选题男性，42岁，毕Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术后两年，上腹部有烧灼痛，抗酸剂治疗无效，有时呕吐，内含胆汁，吐后腹痛无缓解，胃镜下黏膜充血，水肿，易出血。最可能的诊断是( )(2004年)
单选题下列关于MODS的叙述，不正确的是
单选题急性胰腺炎的发病原因在中国主要是
单选题一例脓肾患者，使用多种抗生素及理疗后，病情仍较重，但对侧肾脏情况不了解，下一步治疗应
单选题前列腺增生尿潴留，膀胱膨胀，尿液自尿道口溢出，称为
单选题患严重急性胰腺炎的病人不需要
单选题老年人肠梗阻的原因最常见的是
单选题子宫内膜不典型增生的特点是
单选题下列哪一项不是高渗性脱水的原因
单选题下列关于急性化脓腹膜炎的体征中，哪项是错误的( )(1993年)
单选题颈椎病枕颌带牵引重量正常范围是（ ）
单选题脾切除的主要适应证是
单选题腰间盘突出症与腰椎管狭窄症临床症状的主要不同之处在于
单选题男，52岁，烧伤患者，烧伤总面积35％，其中Ⅲ度烧伤面积10％。该患者属于烧伤的类型是
单选题在人体抵抗力降低时，原本不致病的菌群变成致病菌群，引起的感染是
单选题A．脂胁移植 B．筋膜移植C．肌移植 D．软骨移植E．大网膜移植
单选题三腔二囊管压迫止血中，下列哪项是不恰当的
单选题A．与血浆的结合率B．血/气分配系数C．最低肺泡有效浓度D．脂溶性
单选题急生弥漫性腹膜炎病人，体重50千克，入院时，血压100/60mmHg，100/分，呼吸30次/分，深。面色潮红，呼气中有酮味，补液应给哪项A．输全血B．生理盐水或复方氯化钠溶液C．11.2%乳酸钠溶液D．5%碳酸氢钠溶液E．5%氯化钠溶液
单选题下列关于急性胰腺炎病因的叙述，错误的是A．胆汁逆流入胰管B．乙雕对胰腺有直接毒性作用C．ERCP检查可引发胰腺炎D．与高脂血症关系不清E．消化性溃疡易导致胰腺炎
单选题诊断出急性化脓性腹膜炎后，进一步要明确的重要环节是A．病人有无脱水B．是否合并酸碱平衡紊乱C．引起腹膜炎的原因D．感染的主要细菌E．有无贫血
单选题A．尺骨上1／3骨折合并桡骨头脱位B．伸直型桡骨远端骨折C．屈曲型桡骨远端骨折D．桡骨远端关节面骨折
单选题男性，20岁，右肱骨干骨折2个月，外同定已拆除。提示骨折已愈合的临床表现是
单选题哪种疾病禁忌使用硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉
单选题诊断尿路结石首选的X线检查方法是
单选题属于不稳定性骨折的类型为
单选题A．血栓闭塞性脉管炎（Buerger病）B．动脉硬化性闭塞症C．多发性大动脉炎D．Raynaud综合征
单选题肠内营养发生腹胀、腹泻最主要的原因是
单选题以下哪种情况下，不应使用氧化亚氮
单选题A．疝内容物为小肠B．疝内容物为大网膜C．疝内容物为Meclde憩室D．疝内容物为多个小肠肠袢E．疝内容物为部分小肠壁
单选题早期膝关节滑膜结核，除全身治疗及局部制动外，局部治疗首选
单选题最常出现发冷、发热的外科急腹症是
单选题关于引流管/片的拔除时间，不正确的是
单选题In most parts of the world, climate change is a worrying subject. Not so in California. At a recent gathering of green luminaries—in a film star's house, naturally, for that is how seriousness is often established in Los Angeles—the dominant note was self-satisfaction at what the state has already achieved. And perhaps nobody is more complacent than Arnold Schwarzenegger. Unlike A1 Gore, a presidential candidate turned prophet of environmental doom, California's governor sounds cheerful when talking about climate change. As well he might: it has made his political career. Although California has long been an environmentally-conscious state, until recently greens were concerned above all with smog and redwood trees. "Coast of Dreams", Kevin Stag's authoritative history of contemporary California, published in 2004, does not mention climate change. In that year, though, the newly-elected Mr. Schwarzenegger made his first tentative call for western states to seek alternatives to fossil fuels. Gradually he noticed that his efforts to tackle climate change met with less resistance, and more acclaim, than just about all his other policies. These days it can seem as though he works on nothing else. Mr. Schwarzenegger's transformation from screen warrior to eco-warrior was completed last year when he signed a bill imposing legally-enforceable limits on greenhouse—gas emissions—a first for America. Thanks mostly to its lack of coal and heavy industry, California is a relatively clean state. If it were a country it would be the world's eighth-biggest economy, but only its 16th-biggest polluter. Its big problem is transport—meaning, mostly, cars and trucks, which account for more than 40% of its greenhouse-gas emissions compared with 32% in America as a whole. The state wants to ratchet down emissions limits on new vehicles, beginning in 2009. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also ordered that, by 2020, vehicle fuel must produce 10% less carbon: in the production as well as the burning, so a simple switch to corn-based ethanol is probably out. Thanks in part to California' s example, most of the western states have adopted climate action plans. When it comes to setting emission targets, the scene can resemble a posedown at a Mr. Olympia contest. Arizona's climate-change scholars decided to set a target of cutting the state's emissions to 2000 levels by 2020. But Janet Napolitano, the governor, was determined not to be out-muscled by California. She has declared that Arizona will try to return to 2000 emission levels by 2012. California has not just inspired other states; it has created a vanguard that ought to be able to prod the federal government into stronger national standards than it would otherwise consider. But California is finding it easier to export its policies than to put them into practice at home. In one way, California' s self-confidence is fully justified. It has done more than any other state—let alone the federal government—to fix America's attention on climate change. It has also made it seem as though the problem can be solved. Which is why failure would be such bad news. At the moment California is a beacon to other states. If it fails, it will become an excuse for inaction.
单选题甲状腺功能亢进症患者用硫脲类或咪唑类药物治疗后，症状好转，甲状腺较以前增大，下列哪项处理最适宜A．加用普萘洛尔B．停止用药C．加用甲状腺片D．加用碘剂E．外科手术