单选题 螺旋模型将瀑布模型和______结合起来，强调项目的风险分析，特别适合大型复杂系统的开发过程。螺旋模型沿着螺线进行若干次迭代，依次经历了计划指定、风险分析、工程实施和______四个主要活动。

单选题软件测试是为了发现错误而执行程序的过程。检验软件是否满足用户需求的测试称为 (114) 。 (115) 是维护中常用的方法，其目的是检验修改所引起的副作用。黑盒测试法主要根据 (116) 来设计测试用例。

单选题Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (11) technique that allows an organization to determine the actual (12) associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (13) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (14) design decisions. In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable (15) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.

单选题某文件管理系统在磁盘上建立了位示图(bitmap)，记录磁盘的使用情况。若磁盘上的物理块依次编号为：0、1、2、…，系统中字长为32位，每一位对应文件存储器上的一个物理块，取值0和1分别表示空闲和占用，如下所示。假设将4195号物理块分配给某文件，那么该物理块的使用情况在位示图中的第(7)个字中描述；系统应该将(8)。

单选题希赛公司网上销售管理系统的数据库部分关系模式如下所示。其中，客户号唯一标识一位客户，产品号唯一标识一件产品，订单号唯一标识一份订单。一份订单必须且仅对应一位客户，一份订单可由一到多条订单明细组成，一位客户可以有多份订单。 客户(客户号，姓名，性别，地址，邮编) 产品(产品号，名称，库存，单价) 订单(订单号，时间，金额，客户号) 订单明细(订单号，产品号，数量) 订单关系模式的主键为 (18) ；订单明细关系模式的主键为 (19) ；其中订单的外键为 (20) 。

单选题Although the bulk of industry resources and energies have focused on developing the fastest (11) or slickest (12) , more and more mindshare is turning to the evolution of the computer interface. Advancements in the areas of input devices, (13) processing and virtual reality could lead to fundamental changes in the way human and computer interact. The technological battlefield of the future will be adding layers between the user and the raw machine to make the (14) as invisible as possible. (15) represents the next evolutionary step for the interface.

单选题紧耦合多机系统一般通过 (13) 实现多机间的通信。对称多处理器结构(SMP)属于 (14) 系统。

单选题信息战略规划报告应由3个主要部分组成：摘要、规划和附录。其中摘要涉及的主题包括信息战略规划所涉及的范围、企业的业务目标和战略重点、信息技术对企业业务的影响、对现有信息环境的评价、推荐的系统战略、推荐的技术战略、推荐的组织战略、推荐的行动计划等，其中系统战略是关于 (10) 和 (11) 的总结。

单选题采用Kerberos系统进行认证时，可以在报文中加入______来防止重放攻击。

单选题 Accelerated analysis approaches emphasize the construction of{{U}} {{U}} 71 {{/U}} {{/U}}to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system. As an accelerated analysis technology, {{U}} {{U}} 72 {{/U}} {{/U}}reads the program code and automatically generates the equivalent system model, and the code can be obtained from{{U}} {{U}} 73 {{/U}} {{/U}}. All system analysis approaches require some form of{{U}} {{U}} 74 {{/U}} {{/U}}which includes those techniques to be used to identify or extract system problems and solution requirements from user community.{{U}} {{U}} 75 {{/U}} {{/U}}is a classical set of techniques used to collect information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements, and priorities.

单选题When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts, the (21) information of all active connections is lost. The affected connections become half-open, as the side that did not fail does not yet realize the problem. The still active side of a half-open connections can close the connection using a (22) timer. This timer measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an (23) of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times.0 When the timer (24) , the transport entity assumes that either the other transport entity or the intervening network has failed. As a result, the timer closes the connection, and signals an abnormal close to the TS user. In the event that a transport entity fails and quickly restarts, half-open connections can be terminated more quickly by the use of the RST segment, the failed side returns an RST i to every segment i that it receives, when the RST i reaches the other side, it must be checked for validity based on the (25) number i, as the RST could be in response to an old segment, if the reset is valid, the transport entity performs an abnormal termination.

单选题 (22) 不属于PKI CA认证中心的功能。

单选题VRML is a (151) for 3D multimedia and shared virtual worlds on the WWW. In comparison to HTML, VRML adds the next level of interaction, structured graphics, and extra (152) (z and time) to the presentation of documents. The applications of VRML are (153) , ranging from simple business graphics to entertaining WWW page graphics, manufacturing, scientific, entertainment, and educational applications, and 3D shared virtual worlds and communities. X3D is the name under which the development of VRML is continued. X3D is based on XML and is backwards (154) with VRML. Furthermore, it is componentized, profiled, and extensible, which makes it possible to use X3D in very different (155) , from high-end visualizations to lightweight applications.

单选题在使用UML建模时，若需要描述跨越多个用例的单个对象的行为，使用 (23) 是最为合适的。UML结构包括了基本构造块、公共机制和 (24) 。UML中提供了扩展机制，其中，构造型(Stereotype)扩展了UML的 (25) ，约束 (Constraint)扩展了UML (26) 。

单选题 (32) 适用于描述复杂算法的执行流程。

单选题某公司希望将位于组织内部的部分资源和功能发布到互联网上，并与其他合作伙伴实现业务流程的整合。对于这种应用集成需求，以下集成方式中最适合的是 (21) 。

单选题企业经常要对收集的原始数据进行处理，数据处理的目的不包括 (21) 。

单选题Intranet是一类新型的企业网络。大体上可以认为Intranet采用了 (31) 技术。在Intranet内部的用户，可采用 (32) 以多媒体方式方便地察看企业内外的有关信息Intranet和Internet的互通基于 (33) 协议。除非得到 (34) ，Intranet内部的用户无法访问Internet。为了保证企业网络的安全，在Intranet与Internet之间要设置 (35) 。

单选题设用两种仪器测量同一物体的长度分别得到如下结果： X1=5.51±0.05mm，X2=5.80±0.02mm。 为综合这两种测量结果以便公布统一的结果，拟采用加权平均方法。每个数的权与该数的绝对误差有关。甲认为，权应与绝对误差的平方成正比；乙认为，权应与绝对误差的平方成反比。经大家分析，从甲和乙提出的方法中选择了合适的方法计算，最后公布的测量结果是______min。 A．5.76 B．5.74 C．5.57 D．5.55