ICMP协议属于因特网中的 (27)协议，ICMP协议数据单元封装在(28) 中传送。
Teams are required for most engineering projects．Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals，the scale and complexity of modem systems is such，and the demand for short schedules SO great，that it is no longer (71) for one pe~on to do most engineering jobs．Systems development is a team (72)，and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the (73) of the engineering． Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams．Even though they may have multiple specialties，all the members work toward (74) ．However,on systems maintenance and enhancement teams，the engineers often work relatively independently.much like wrestling and track teams． A team is (75) just a group ofpeople who happen to work together．Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills．Teams require common processes；they need agreed-upon goals；and they need effective guidance and leadership．The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known，but they are not obvious．
In a world where it seems we already have too much to do，and too many things to think about，it seems the last thing we need is something new that we have to learn．But use cases do solve a problem with requirements：with____________(71)declarative requirements it's hard to describe steps and sequences of events． Use cases，stated simply,allow description of sequences of events that，taken together, lead to a system doing something useful．As simple as this sounds，this is important．When confronted only with a pile of requirements，it’S often ____________(72)to make sense of what the authors of the requirements really wanted the system to do．In the preceding example，use cases reduce the ambiguity of the requirements by specifying exactly when and under what conditions certain behavior occurs；as such，the sequence of the behaviors can be regarded as a requirement．Use cases are particularly well suited to capturing these kind of requirements．Although this may sound simple，the fact is that __________(73)requirement capture approaches，with their emphasis on declarative requirements and”shall”statements．completely fail to capture the___________(74)of the system's behavior．Use cases are a simple yet powerful way to express the behavior of the system in Way that all stakeholders can easily understand． But，like anything，use cases come with their own problems，and as useful as they are，they can be ___________(75)．The result is something that is as bad，if not worse，than the original problem．Therein it's important to utilize use cases effectively without creating a greater problem than the one you started with．
在数据库逻辑设计阶段，若实体中存在多值属性，那么将E-R图转换为关系模式时， ___________，得到的关系模式属于4NF。
如下图所示，从输出的信息中可以确定的信息是___________。
集成测试关注的问题不包括( )。
以下关于白盒测试的叙述中，不正确的是___________。
1976年Diffie与Hellman首次公开提出___________的概念与结构，采用两个独立的密钥对数据分别进行加密与解密，且加密过程基于数学函数，从而带来了加密领域的革命性进步。
已知函数f()、g()的定义如下所示，执行表达式“x=f(5)”的运算时，若函数调用g(a)是引用调用(callbyreference)方式，则执行“x：f(5)”后x的值为(7)；若函数调用g(a)是值调用(callbyvalue)方式，则执行“x=f(5)”后x的值为(8)。
以下属于动态测试方法的是( )。
对于防病毒系统的测试是系统安全测试的重要内容，下列不属于防病毒系统安全测试基本测试点的是____________。
以下关于黑盒测试的测试方法选择的叙述中，不正确的是__________。
POP3协议采用___________(23)模式，客户端代理与POP3服务器通过建立___________(24)连接来传送数据。
以下不属于网络测试的测试指标的是___________。
以下不属于系统测试的是___________。①单元测试②集成测试③安全性测试④可靠性测试⑤确认测试⑥验收测试
某开发小组欲开发一个大型软件系统，需求变化较小，此时最不适宜采用( )过程模型。
在如下所示的进程资源图中，()。
软件复杂性是指理解和处理软件的难易程度，其度量参数不包括___________。
对于基于用户名／口令的用户认证机制来说，___________不属于增强系统安全性所应使用的防范措施。
函数f()、g()的定义如下所示，已知调用f时传递给其形参x的值是10，若以传值方式调用g，则函数f的返回值为__________。