填空题 The annals of natural history contain many astonishing examples of the ability of animals to find their way home after making distant journeys. Salmons, for example, are born in freshwater streams and soon afterward journey down to sea. Several years later, after they have attained maturity, they swim back upstream to spawn and, in many cases, to die. The particular stream .that serves as the journeys end is almost invariably the same one in which they were born. It is chosen out of dozens or hundreds of equally suitable streams. The expression "almost invariably" is used advisedly in this case. In one investigation by Canadian biologists, 469, 326 young sockeye salmon were marked in a tributary of the Fraser River. Several years later almost 11,000 were recovered after they had completed a return journey to the very same stream, but not a single one was ever recovered from other streams nearby. What underwater guideposts can these fish possibly follow? It has been discovered by A.D. Hasler and his associates at the University of Wisconsin that the salmon, like many other fish, have an acute sense of smell and are able tore member slight differences in the chemical composition of water. The most reasonable theory to explain salmon homing is that each individual remembers the distinctive "fragrance" of its native stream. As it moves upstream it makes the correct choice each time a new tributary is encountered, until finally it arrives home. Long-distance migration is especially common in birds, because many species must make annual journeys between their nesting grounds and prime feeding areas far away. Each year over 100,000 sooty terns, an attractive tropical sea bird, travel from the waters off the west coast of Africa all the way across the Atlantic to Bush Key, a tiny island near the tip of Florida. Here they build their nests and breed. Once the young can fly, all journey back over the Atlantic. Why do the sooty terns migrate at all? Like many other seabirds, they find protection from cats, foxes, and other predators on isolated islands. It is evidently safer for them to make an entire transoceanic voyage to reach one such haven than it would be to try to nest on the nearby African shores. A somewhat different reason lies behind the north-south migration of birds in the temperate zones. Each spring a legion of migratory forms, from robins, thrushes, and warblers to geese and ducks, makes its way north into the greening countryside, where large quantities of food are becoming freshly available. Working rapidly, they are able to rear one or more broods of young. As winter approaches and the food supply declines, all head south again. Some species proceed all the way to Central and South America. The record annual journey in the Western Hemisphere is made by the golden plover, one group of which travels from northern Canada to southern South America. A second group of the same species migrates from Alaska to Hawaii and the Marquesas Islands. Human beings could never make such journeys unaided by maps and navigational instruments. How do the birds do it? A large part of the answer lies in their ability to use celestial clues. At migration time, caged starlings become unusually restless. If permitted to see the sun, they begin to fly toward the side of the cage that lies in the direction of their normal migration route. However,. when the sky is overcast and the sun is obscured from view, their movements persist, but they are non directional. Other migratory birds fly at night and can evidently use the position of the stars to guide them. This surprising fact has been established by several biologists, including S. T. Emlen of Cornell University, who allowed a type of bird called indigo buntings to attempt flights under the artificial night sky of a planetarium. The birds oriented "correctly" with reference to the planetarium sky even when the positions of its constellations did not correspond with the position of the true constellations outside. Thus other outside influences were eliminated, and it could be concluded that the birds were able to orient to what they believed to be the position of the stars. Animals are able to get back home after they make long journeys. Salmon, for example, are known to swim back several years later to {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}where they were born. What guide these fish upstream? According to scientists at the University of Wisconsin, salmon {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}and follow the fragrance of their native stream as they have a sharp {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Birds also make long distance migration each year. Sooty terns, a type of tropical sea bird, travel across the Atlantic from Africa to an island near Florida, where they breed and can {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}from predators. Birds also migrate in order to find food and rear their young. It is discovered that birds are aided by {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to make distant journeys that even human beings cannot make without the assistance of navigational instruments.

填空题Developing Environmental Management Strategies Strong and sustainable economic activity depends on healthy environmental management. It is being increasingly recognized by the public, government and industry that there is no need to shift moothly from a "react and cure" approach to an ",anticipate and prevent" approach. The mechanism governing this change started to appear three to four years ago and the momentum for change has been gathering steadily ever since. Whilst the need to embrace these changes is almost universally accepted, the mechanisms for change and the priorities for action have been far from clear. The public and the media point to anecdotal evidence of lack of progress, or setbacks, over a bewildering range of topics. These inci-dents are catalogued by local and national pressure groups to enhance their own campaigns for change. The Government, under pressure from the European Community, has introduced legislation which, although progressive, often appears to industry to be fragmented and difficult to digest. There is, therefore, a clear and often expressed need on the part of British and European management for techniques to identify and prioritize the key environmental issues for allocation of resources and action. The technique emerging as the most effective is a strategy which involves the formulation of a policy statement setting out the organization's philosophy on the environment and the aims to be achieved. A detailed assessment of the environmental status and performance of the operation is then undertaken, key issues identified and targets set. The performance of the operationor unit is regularly audited to measure progress towards the targets set. This environmental strategy is often called an Environmental Management System or simply referred to as an Environmental Audit. Summary: There has been a steady movement towards more efficient, proactive environmental management. Whilst the (26) is generally accepted, the means have yet to be agreed upon. Attempts at introducing (27) have, so far, been unsatisfactory. Techniques are currently being defined for allocating (28) or action on key environmental issues. The most useful approach is to draw up a (29) which clarifies the environmental attitudes and aims of the organization. Performance and progress towards these targets can then be measured. A detailed evaluation or (30) is regularly carried out.

填空题Unravelthereasoningbehindthisstarandfillinthemissingletter.

填空题If presented with the words MAR. AM and FAR and asked to find the shortest word that contained all the letters from which these words could be produced，you should come up with the word FARM. Here is a further list of words: ANGRY, LYNCH, MAGIC What is the shortest English word that can be produced using all these letters? (Clue: captivatingly)

填空题Have you ever thought about inventing something? Were you worried that your idea was too strange or unrealistic? Well, maybe you should think again. Strange and unrealistic ideas never stopped Arthur Pedrick. Pedrick was a British inventor. Originally a government clerk, he spent his retirement in the 1960s and 1970s developing new and unusual ideas. Some of these ideas contradicted basic physics, but that didn't stop Pedrick. One of his strangest ideas was a plan to connect Australia and Antarctica using large tubes, a distance of 10,000 km! These tubes were designed to carry giant ice balls from Antarctica to Australia. The ice would then melt in the Australian desert, and the water would be used for irrigation. Another of Pedrick's inventions was a radio-controlled golf ball. A golfer could change the speed and direction of the golf ball using small flaps attached to the ball, which could be controlled by computer chips. Using radio waves, golfers could also find their lost golf balls. Arthur Pedrick had thousands of bizarre ideas for inventions, most of which were never constructed. Though many of Pedrick's inventions were never developed, a lot of other strange ideas have been. In 1989, a company designed and sold a theft-prevention device for expensive cars. As part of this device, several tubes were attached to the bottom of a car. If someone tried to steal the car, super hot flames were emitted from the tubes and burned the car thief. Some people who were not thieves, however, were seriously injured by this device which they accidentally set off by walking past the car. Other strange inventions include underwear for dogs and pens with drinkable ink. The underwear keeps dogs from making a mess when they go out for a walk. Also if you were ever thirsty during a test, a pen with drinkable ink would be very handy! If you have an idea that seems a little out in left field, don't let that stop you from trying it. You'll be in good company. Summary: Most inventions are for useful things that help people in everyday life. Some inventions, however, are just (61) Some of the world's weirdest ideas for inventions came from a man named Arthur Pedrick. Pedrick's inventions included irrigation (62) that would carry ice from Antarctica to Australia and (63) golf balls. Not all weird inventions came from Pedrick, however. Every year many people (64) products that could be (65) unusual. Things like underwear for dogs and pens with drinkable ink are good examples.

填空题Lookattheabovegroupofthreesquares.Theyhaveacertainfeaturewhichissharedbyonlyoneofthegroupsofthreesquaresbelow.Whichonehasthematchingfeature?

填空题 Allow me to give you a little advice about writing (21) . First, make your characters (22) Make sure that they behave and talk as (23) In real life, everyone is (24) . If all your characters speak the same way and (25) to things in the same way, you'll lose your readers at the start. Once your readers believe in your characters, you must get them to care. Each reader must be able to (26) at least one character, to "become" that character in his or her mind. You can do this by developing characters with (27) human traits, both good and bad. The individuals who populate your story should have human (28) Now it's time to weave your tale, to create a plot. Your readers are part of the story now; they are (29) One last thing your story must touch its readers (30) . If you can make them laugh and cry along with your characters, you are on the way to becoming a successful writer. Allow me to give you a little advice about writing (21) . First, make your characters (22) Make sure that they behave and talk as (23) In real life, everyone is (24) . If all your characters speak the same way and (25) to things in the same way, you'll lose your readers at the start. Once your readers believe in your characters, you must get them to care. Each reader must be able to (26) at least one character, to "become" that character in his or her mind. You can do this by developing characters with (27) human traits, both good and bad. The individuals who populate your story should have human (28) Now it's time to weave your tale, to create a plot. Your readers are part of the story now; they are (29) One last thing your story must touch its readers (30) . If you can make them laugh and cry along with your characters, you are on the way to becoming a successful writer.

填空题Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society haschanged people's natural relations, loosed their responsibilities 【M1】______to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place 【M2】______for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 【M3】______However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of yourneighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. 【M4】______But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant 【M5】______consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality ofmeaningful relationships do not differ from more and less 【M6】______urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kinthan do big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by 【M7】______developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life,but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor 【M8】______are residents of large communities any likely to display 【M9】______psychological symptoms of stress or alienation than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers doworry more about crime, and which leads them to a distrust of 【M10】______strangers.

填空题More than ten percent of motorway deaths are caused by drivers falling sleep at the wheel, in particular between the hours of 2 am and 1 4 am, and 2 pm and 4 pm. Face with these statistics, the motor 2 industry has finally decided to do something about the problem. 3 Together with several companies, particularly Japan ones, they are 4 working to develop wake-up alarms. The alarms are fitted with a device that has the ability to adapt it to the driving patterns of the driver. 5 When they vary, for example, if the driver loosen his grip on the 6 steering wheel, the car begins to sway and there is a change in the 7 braking pattern, a signal goes off. These alarms are unexpensive to fit 8 and the technology is almost ready so they will soon available to the 9 majority of motorists. There are fears, moreover, that they might give a 10 false sense of security.

填空题When was the last time you come out of a very successful 1 film and really felt you"d got your money"s worthy? It"s 2 hard to be disappointed nowadays, since every film receives huge 3 amounts of popularity month before it"s released, and inevitably 4 it won"t live up your expectations. Even Hollywood seems to 5 have realized that its best film-making years are over, that 6 is possibly the reason why we seem to be faced for so many 7 remarks recently. Nevertheless, professional opinion is that surely there are another 8 stories worthy of the big screen. When you remark at a classic, it is easy 9 to guess that the result will always be a poor imitation. 10

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填空题Have a card up one's sleeve. What is the possible Chinese meaning of the sentence?

填空题Which of the following numbers can replace the question mark? 17 8 5 5 13 7 5 4 6 2 6 3 10 6 4 ？ A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

填空题You can get more information about all the posts from oup.com.uk/recruit.

填空题As the world's urban population gets bigger, cities are struggling to provide the basic services that their residents need. One of the most pressing problems is public transport. Now let's look at the crisis facing the city of London. In no time in history has there been such a mass migration of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it's estimated that more than two thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to-day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food and water will be twice as bad in the this century, unless we find solutions soon. Another crucial issue facing cities today is how to provide good transport links to service the commercial, cultural and leisure needs of their inhabitants. Today, many of the world's major cities are already struggling to cope with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How they will cope with the additional demands placed on them has not yet been addressed. London is a good example of the problems facing many major urban centres. It was the world's first megacity and the first with a population of a million people. Its expansion was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which, among other things, powered the world's first underground railway. Today, London has one of the world's most extensive transport systems. But, because it was the first city to build a railway network, much of the infrastructure-the trains and buses, the tracks and tunnels-is now hopelessly out-of-date, and needs urgent modernization. London's future success depends very much on transport. The city lies at the heart of Britain's road and rail networks and problems in London can rapidly affect other areas of the country. On an average morning, over ground trains bring passengers to stations on the outskirts of the city, and they then continue their journeys by underground, bus or taxi. Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is frequent, safe, reliable, affordable and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about delays, unreliability, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have getting to work on time. Companies also face high costs for delivering goods and services in a city where congestion means that cars today travel at the same speed as horse-drawn carriages did in the last century. Yet car ownership continues to grow. The proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 per cent today. 20 per cent of house-holds now own two or more cars. As the city has become increasingly congested and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed. However, precisely what should be done is hotly debated. Some people have called for cleaner fuels and strict controls on exhaust emissions. Others say more effort must be put into persuading people not to use their cars, perhaps by charging people to drive into London. There does seem to be agreement on one thing, though-that until London's public transport system is improved, people will continue to use their cars. This raises the all important questions of where the money is going to come from. Until about 10 years ago, most public transport in Britain was owned and paid for by the government. But in the last decade, most train and bus networks have been privatized. The government says that the private sector should take most, but not all, of the responsibility for public transport. In London, the underground railway system known as the "Tube" is likely to be where this policy is first put into practice. The government admits that it cannot afford to modernize the Tube system alone. Instead, it wants to form a partnership with private companies, so that they provide some of the money. Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.

填空题Every year a large number of young people leave school and begin work. Some (21) jobs on farms or in industry. Others accept positions in the (22) services. Many seek post in business or a trade. A few with skills in art or music apply for work in these fields. Their level of education (23) affects their range of possible openings. Many farms, for instance, only select excellent (24) for training as future executives. They will not consider applications from people with only (25) records of achievement at school. What factors influence the choice of a career? The information (26) on this is uncertain but it is probable that finance, working conditions and prospects of improvement are the most significant considerations. It seems apparent that (27) which retain their employees give them satisfaction in these respects. A (28) investigation of the motives which operate in the selection of employment would prove a profitable topic for research. Employers who would (29) the assistance of the findings to enlist and maintain stable staff might be induced to (30) in the project.

填空题In one day at a library, 64 people borrowed books. Twice as many people borrowed only thriller as borrowed only a science fiction book. Three people borrowed a biography only and 11 people borrowed both science fiction and a thriller, hut not a biography. The same number borrowed a biography and a thriller but no science fiction as borrowed one of each of the three types. Twenty-one people did not borrow a thriller. One more person borrowed a science fiction book and a biography book than borrowed a biography only. How many people borrowed a thriller only?

填空题True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness mi 1 be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in 2 (term) of quality and effect. Regardless of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alertness, yet, at the same 3 , passive awareness, in which our bodies are a 4 rest while our minds are awake. Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. 5 (be) relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, s 6 as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, ra 7 than one of exhaustion. Unfortunately, as a con 8 of living in today"s competitive world, we are under constant strain and have difficulty in coping, let alone nurturing our body"s abilities. 9 needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With this in m 10 we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes, however deep-seated.

填空题Here is a puzzle. My first is in ACT but not in PLAY. MY second is in APRIL but not in MAY. My third is in NOBLE and also in LORD. My fourth is in CARD but not in BOARD. My last is in STACK but not in HAY. You look at me every single day. What am I?

填空题Now, most people would agree that the 21 economic growth China has enjoyed in the last forty years represents perhaps the most 22 geopolitical event of the 21st century. It started with the economic reforms back in the late 1970s, before which time China"s economy was largely rural. Since the 1970s China"s economy has grown 23 10% a year. Exports have soared and industrial production is growing at 17% per annum. Since 2001, China has doubled its share of global 24 . In fact, China is second only to the US, and most forecasts suggest it will overtake the American economy within the next ten years. China"s population of 1.3 billion makes it a staggering one fifth of the world"s population. This huge population resource means not only is China the world"s largest market, but it also underpins the main reason for its economic rise-a large workforce. The 25 economic growth in China has meant huge changes for the workforce. For example, it is estimated that about 200 million people have moved from rural areas to urban areas to find work, resulting in the biggest mass migration in history. 26 in agriculture has been replaced for millions by jobs in manufacturing and industry, which, for many people, has meant having to retrain, acquire new skills, and 27 a new way of life. Many would argue that the growing middle class is the 28 of China"s success. However, some economists see 29 in China"s economy. They point, for example, to the fact that many of the manufacturing companies that produce goods in China are in fact foreign. These foreign companies, they argue, will continue to invest in China while labour costs are low, but if wages start to rise too much, they may move their production to other parts of the world where rates of pay have remained lower. China has come a long way since the 1970s, but it would seem that, for China to continue its economic success story, the country must not 30 outside investment and expertise, but must invest more in skills and training in order to produce its own experts and entrepreneurs of the future.