单选题Pets are ______ providing not only companionship to humans, but health benefits to many as well. A. accused of B. ascribed to C. prohibited from D. credited with

单选题It is desirable that the airplane______as light and fast as possible. A. be made B. is made C. were made D. has been made

单选题 For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings and pathology. The very idea of psychotherapy, first formalized by Freud, rests on a view of human beings as troubled creatures in need of repair. Freud himself was profoundly pessimistic about human nature, which he felt was governed by deep, dark drives that we could hardly control. The scientists who followed developed a model of human life that seemed to many mechanical if not robotic: humans were passive beings harshly shaped by the stimuli and the rewards and punishments that surrounded them. After World War Ⅱ, psychologists tried to explain how so many ordinary citizens could have agreed with fascism, and did work symbolized in the 1950 classic The Authoritarian Personality by T.W. Adorno, et al. Social psychologists followed on. Some of the most famous experiments proved that normal folk could become coldly insensitive to suffering when obeying "legitimate" orders or cruelly aggressive when playing the role of prison guard. A watershed moment arrived in 1998, when University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin Seligman, in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, urged psychology to "turn toward understanding and building the human strengths to complement our emphasis on healing damage." That speech launched today's positive psychology movement. Though not denying humanity's flaws, the new positive psychologists recommend focusing on people's strengths and virtues as a point of departure. Rather than analyze the psychopathology underlying alcoholism, for example, positive psychologists might study the toughness of those who have managed a successful recovery--for example, through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a support, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. Their lab experiments might seek to define not the conditions that induce wicked behavior, but those that foster generosity, courage, creativity, and laughter. Seligman's idea quickly caught on. The Gallup Organization founded the Gallup Positive Psychology Institute to sponsor scholarly work in the field. In 1999, 60 scholars gathered for the first Gallup Positive Psychology Summit; two years later, the conference went international, and ever since has drawn about 400 attendees annually.

单选题The drastic changes that have taken place in China have won worldwide ______. A. identification B. realization C. admission D. recognition

单选题 Innovation. It's what got us through the Dark Ages. But over the years, instead of moving forward, some scientists and inventors have taken a few steps back. This article is dedicated to all the men and women who knew they'd never find a cure for the common cold, so they aimed much, much lower. Here are some of the winners. PEACE PRIZE—researchers from the University of Bern, Switzerland, for determining which hurts mor—being smashed over the head with a full bottle of beer or with an empty bottle. An inherent problem in an experiment of this nature is finding volunteers who will agree to be brained with a beer bottle in the name of science. The scientists overcame this obstacle by dropping steel balls onto full and empty beer bottles. They found that the empties were stronger than their full brethren because the gas pressure from the liquid produces additional strain on the glass. Needless to say, full or not, beer bottles can cause a whole lot of hurt, which is why the scientists advocate prohibiting them "in situations that involve risk of human conflicts." VETERINARY MEDICINE PRIZE—researchers from Newcastle University, the United Kingdom: for showing that cows that have names give more milk than cows that are nameless. It turns out our attitudes make a difference. Being friendly and remembering a cow's name can increase milk yield by 258 liters a year. This came as no surprise to farmers, one of whom told the researchers that cows "hurt and love like anyone else." BIOLOGY PRiZE—researchers from Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences in Japan, for demonstrating that kitchen refuse can be reduced by more than 90 percent by using an enzyme (酶)-producing bacteria extracted from the waste of giant pandas. While this has potential applications—reducing garbage and waste—it still raises the question. How did it dawn on someone to try this experiment? And, of course, if one of your aims in ridding yourself of garbage is to get rid of the bad smell, adding panda waste to it is not likely to help.

单选题There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will ______. A. vanish B. wander C. wither D. prevail

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单选题The utilization of hydroelectric resources should be stepped up .

单选题As the train service had been {{U}}suspended{{/U}}, thousands of people had to wait for days at the station. A. elevated slightly B. cancelled completely C. delayed frequently D. stopped temporarily

单选题If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle ______ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected. A. on B. for C. against D. with

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}}In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the Jour choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. {{/I}}

单选题In the disciplines underlying our high-tech economy, America is steadily losing its global edge. A. border B. superiority C. appeal D. territory

单选题The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is______. A. ice-breaking B. eye-catching C. painstaking D. soul-touching

单选题Dry beans are very rich in proteins and carbohydrates and may be eaten {{U}}as a substitute for {{/U}}meat. A. at the same time as B. mixed up with C. in place of D. in addition to

单选题Language belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller______to the professor. A. as much as B. the same as C. as far as D. as long as

单选题We enjoyed the holiday {{U}}except for{{/U}} the expense that seemed a little bit beyond our expectation. A. apart from B. thanks to C. prior to D. as for

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

单选题 Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than get a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

单选题We"ll continue along the road ______ by our presidents more than seventy years ago.

单选题As soon as he was confronted with the evidence, he {{U}}confessed{{/U}} his quilt. A. showed B. admitted C. told D. claimed