填空题 Evans, Caradoc:It is a substance that is essential to all known forms of life in its pure form. Water is abundant on Earth. It exists in many places and forms. It appears mostly in the oceans and polar ice caps, but also as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, water is continuously moving through the cycle involving evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea.David John: Water fit for human consumption is called potable water. This natural resource is becoming scarcer in certain places as human population in those places increases, and its availability is a major social and economic concern. Drinking water is water that is intended to be drunk by humans. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is called potable water whether it is used as such or not. Although most fresh water sources are drinkable by humans, they can be a disease vector or cause long-term health problems if they do not meet certain water quality guidelines.Strong, Alex: Most nations have water quality regulations for water sold as drinking water, although these are often not strictly enforced outside of the developed world. Virtually all municipal water systems deliver a single quality of water, whether it is to be used for drinking, washing or landscape irrigation. In the United States, public drinking water is ruled by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Among other provisions, it protects the right of employees to report potential violence. Within 30 days of any retaliation, a whistleblower can file a complaint with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).Garland, Judy: So far as bacterial is concerned, the usual test is for a count of (more often than not harmless) bacteria, it being assumed that these serve as an indication of water pollution. Water purification is the removal of contaminants from raw water to produce drinking water that is pure enough for humans. Many contaminants can be dangerous-but depending on the quality standards, others are removed to improve the water's smell, taste, and appearance.Vincent, J. W.: It is not possible to tell whether water is safe to drink just by looking at it. Simple procedures such as boiling are not sufficient for treating water from an unknown source. Even natural spring water-considered safe for all practical purposes in the 1800's--must now be tested before determining what kind of treatment is needed. Now match each of the experts (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.A. Not all water is suitable for people to drink; only a small proportion is.B. Bottled water may not be a good choice for people to drink.C. Regulations for drinkable water vary from country to country.D. Pollution is a big threat to the safety of drinkable water.E. Water should be processed before they could be consumed by human.F. This is the basic knowledge you need to know about water.G. Criteria for safe water change with time.

填空题If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that 1 a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, while crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually 2 . The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is 3 to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall 4 in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of 5 water by precipitation of runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat 6 than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may alter is associated 7 the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did 8 the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed 9 a result of this 10 process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world. A. with B. fresh C. added D. and E. obtained F. until G. or H. as I. freezing J. higher K. incur L. before M. in N. as O. cause

填空题Searle, William: If you're middle-aged and your memory's not what it used to be, check the bathroom scale, researchers warned, suggesting overweight people tend to score more poorly on tests of memory than their thinner peers do. The study compared mental abilities to body mass index (BMI), a measurement of weight in relation to height used to define overweight. A BMI of 25 or more indicates overweight, and 30 or more is obese. The study found a higher BMI was associated with lower cognitive test scores.Cranmer, Thomas: Volunteers were told to memorize pairs of words. When they were tested straight afterwards and six hours later, those who had been allowed a nap of up to one hour before the retest achieved 15 percent higher scores than the volunteers who had not been allowed to go to sleep. They added that it now seemed that sleep was "an important mechanism for memory formation".Bata, Thomas John: Sixty-eight patients at two Austrian hospitals were randomly assigned either a treatment program that included exercise or one that only used nicotine replacement therapy. After three months, 80 percent of those who exercised had quit smoking, while 52 percent of those in the group that did not exercise had quitted. And those who exercised were more likely to reduce their cigarette smoking if they did not quit, the study found.Tyrrell, George: Researchers followed 68,183 middle-aged women for 16 years and found that those who slept 5 hours or less per night were one third more likely to gain weight than those who slept for 7 hours. Moreover, researchers found that the weight gain was substantial with some women even gaining 33 pounds or more.Attucks, Crispus: Patients who have abdominal surgery often suffer from pains, vomiting and abdominal swelling, and they may not be able to tolerate food or even water. Seventeen of 34 patients who chewed gum beginning a few hours after surgery passed gas several hours sooner than the half who did not chew and they had their first bowel movements an average of 63 hours after surgery compared with 89 hours for non-chewers. Now match each of the researchers (61 to 65) to the appropriate studies. Note: there are two extra statements.A. A brief nap could boost people's memory.B. Riding bicycles proved to the best way for weight-loss.C. A heavier weight in middle age may increase memory loss.D. Gum chewing helps bowels after surgery.E. Exercise helps smokers quit.F. Chewing gum might harm the digestive system.G. Study links lack of snooze to weight gain in women.

填空题Mary The quest for success always begins with a target. As baseball Hall of Famer Yogi Berra once said, "You got to be very careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there." Too many people wander through life sleepwalkers. Each day they follow familiar routines, never asking, "What am I doing with my life?" And they don't know what they're doing because they lack goals. Goal-setting is a focusing of the will to move in a certain direction. Begin with a clear conception of what you want. Write down your goals and date them—putting them into words clarifies them. Rather than concentrating on objects to acquire and possess, focus on fulfilling your desires to do, to produce, to contribute—goal-setting yields the true sense of satisfaction we all need. John My father was 17 when he left the farm in Cameron, N. C, and set off for Baltimore to apply for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company. When asked what he wanted to do, he said, "Everything." Whenever he went to a new department, he looked for the guys who had been around forever. These were the people novices usually avoided, afraid that next to them they'd look like the beginners they were. Whatever your goals, plan to network with those who know more than you. Model your efforts on theirs, adjusting and improving as you go. Betty The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don't is not usually talent but persistence. Many brilliant people give up. Who wants to run the risk of getting knocked down again and again? But highly successful people don't quit. It's often been said that they are just individuals who got up one more time than they fell down. Mike Without a deep commitment it is difficult to pursue a dream. Great success requires risk whether financial, social or physical. Always, emotional risk is involved. We can't play safe if we want to win in life. Hanson Reread your list of goals now and then. If you decide one should be adjusted or replaced with a better one, make corrections. And when you have achieved your goal or made a big step toward it, celebrate. It can be anything you enjoy--to mark the moment and rekindle the vision. But it shouldn't end there. After a goal is reached many people ease up. That's why it's possible for this year's top sales agent to become next year's has-been. If life is leaving you out in the cold, do something about it. Turn up the heat. Strive. It's worth it.StatementsA. Define your goals.B. Seek out those who know more than you.C. Pursue your vision with stubborn consistency.D. Give up in proper time.E. Make an emotional commitment.F. Learn how to get along well with others.G. Review and renew your goals.

填空题William Amanda

填空题Carrie

填空题Ng Ede Phang

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Read the following paragraphs in which five people talk about the death penalty. For questions 61 to63, match the name of each speaker (61 to 65 ) to one of the statements ( A to G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER ,SHEET 1.{{/I}}{{B}}Charles Garfield:{{/B}} Even if the death penalty punishes some while sparing others, it does not follow that everyone should be spared. The guilty should still be punished appropriately, even if some do escape proper punishment unfairly. The death penalty should apply to killers of black people as well as to killers of whites. High paid, skillful lawyers should not be able to get some defendants off on technicalities. The existence of some systemic problems is no reason to abandon the whole death penalty system.{{B}}Clement Jimmy:{{/B}} With respect to race, studies have repeatedly shown that a death sentence is far more likely where a white person is murdered than where a black person is murdered. The death penalty is racially divisive because it appears to count white lives as more valuable than black lives. Since the death penalty was restored in 1976,202 black defendants have been executed for the murder of a white victim, while only 12 white defendants have been executed for the murder of a black victim.{{B}}Gardner Dolores:{{/B}} It is not based on any principle when someone in one county or state receives the death penalty, but someone who commits a comparable crime in another county or state is given a life sentence. Prosecutors have enormous authority about when to seek the death penalty anti when to settle for a plea bargain. Often those who can only afford a minimal defense are selected for the death penalty. Until race and other arbitrary factors, like economics and geography, can be eliminated as a determinant of who lives and who dies, the death penalty must not be used.{{B}}Harley Jerry:{{/B}} Almost all defendants facing the death penalty are very poor so in most cases they cannot afford their own attorney. Hence, they are dependent on the quality of the lawyers assigned by the state, many of whom lack experience in dealing with capital cases or are so underpaid that they fail to investigate the case properly. A poorly represented defendant is much more likely to be convicted and given a death sentence.{{B}}Herbert Leonard:{{/B}} The death penalty alone imposes an unchangeable sentence. Once a prisoner is executed, nothing can be done to make improvements if a mistake has been made. There is considerable evidence that many mistakes have been made in sentencing people to death. Since 1973, at least 121 people have been released from death row after evidence of their innocence emerged. These statistics represent an intolerable risk of executing the innocent.{{I}} Now match each of the men (61 to 65 ) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.{{/I}} {{B}}Statements{{/B}}A. Death penalty should not be used because poor defendant can not pay a good lawyer.B. Death penalty should not be applied because of the possibility of a wrong court judgment.C. Death penalty should not be applied because of civilization.D. Death penalty should not be applied because racial discrimination still exists.E. Death penalty should not be used because of lack of objective standards in court judgment.F. Death penalty should not be abandoned even if problems exist.G. Death penalty should not be used because of humanity.

填空题Article Three

填空题Harry Porter

填空题Charlene

填空题Book Two

填空题Do you give your children money when they perform well at school? According to a study, such an action could be 1 to their development, and cause them to be more materialistic as adults. The study suggests that those who were rewarded and spoiled as children were more likely to think possessions define who they are. "Using material possessions to express love or reward children for their 2 can have bad effect," wrote the authors of the study. "It can 3 materialism in them." The authors surveyed 701 adults to measure the long-term 4 of material parenting. They were asked to describe their current life situation and values, and also reported on a 5 of childhood circumstances, their relationship with their parents, and the rewards and punishments they received. Results showed adults who had received more material rewards and punishments as children were more likely than others to use possessions to define and express who they are. And they were likely to continue rewarding themselves with material 6 . Parents should, therefore, be cautious about using material possessions to express their love and reward their children for good behavior, 7 the authors. They say 8 emphasis on material possessions during childhood can have significant effects. It can 9 "the way for their children to grow up to be more likely than others to 10 people with expensive possessions and judge success by the kinds of things people own," the authors conclude. A. achievements B. admire C. blame D. careful E. develop F. excessive G. goods H. harmful I. impact J. level K. motivate L. pave M. responsibilities N. variety O. warn

填空题Directions: Read the following article in which five people talk about their time arrangement. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Pattie Kovars. Even if my whole family gets up very early, I always like to work at night. I find that's my best time to get work done. I like night time because everything is calm and I can just write. I feel calmer and more focused at night. There is no pressure. When I read my papers in the morning, I'm ways amazed how good they sound. Brandi Baldasano: I try to make use of all the small portions of time that I have available. I find that I can finish a lot in fifteen minutes, because I am able to concentrate for that long knowing I have only a few minutes. Those small units of time really add up over a week. Setting small goals seems to help me avoid feeling overwhelmed. I use my calendar as a guide. Ga Io Arboleda: I'm the king of procrastination (耽搁). I like to do everything at the last minute. I always tell myself to stop this pattern, but then once again. I stay all night writing the paper or studying for the test. Usually I do end up doing it all and I always manage to get an A or B. I guess I work well under pressure. Mark Vaught: Being a college athlete, one of my big problems was prioritizing my time and trying to balance my sport, school and friends. My big mistake was putting my sport first. In the excitement, I placed my sport as first priority, my friends and teammates second, and my studies last. Today I have plans to go on to graduate school, but I am affected by my grades because I did not put a high enough emphasis on my classes. Leticia Sequra: One big problem I face in managing time is not leaving time in my schedule for the unannounced. My days are quite full and I have others depending on me to do things at certain times. I don't give myself much spare time in my daily schedule and, at last, that can be quite stressful. Statements A. As for me, it's never too late to learn. B. Unanticipated occurrence makes my schedule tighter. C. I admit that I am a night owl. D. I taste the bitterness from my sports fever. E. I believe that haste makes waste. F. I have the ability to deal with high pressure. G. I can make efficient use of my time.

填空题 {{B}} Text{{/B}} Most of us can find is minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2:30 a. m. made no difference. Nearly all "speed reading" courses have a "pacing" element -- some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 to 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this "lightning speed" reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your "normal" speed has increased. Most paragraphs in an article have a "c" which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. time B. organization C. reading ability D. way E. skill F. comprehension G. speed

填空题 {{B}}Paula:{{/B}} There is no safe cigarette and no safe level of consumption. Some smokers think that switching from stronger to milder cigarettes makes smoking safer, but this isn't true. For smokers usually swallow the smoke deeper, or they often smoke the cigarettes to the shortest length. So even if you do make the switch but don't make these changes, the health benefits are very small when compared to the benefits of quitting.{{B}}Jenny:{{/B}} Anyone who smokes is at a risk of being harmed physically. As you continue to smoke, your body learns to depend on cigarettes and you can smoke more and more. Just three cigarettes a day can spark potentially fatal heart disease, and women are particularly at risk. It is never too early for cigarettes to cause damage; it can start with the first cigarette.{{B}}Joanne:{{/B}} There are many short-term health effects of smoking. A major consequence is decreased lung function. This often leads to shortness of breath, constant cough and tiring easily during exercise. Smoking also reduces the ability to smell and taste and causes early ageing of skin. Often people don't realize that a smoking-related disease could be developing for years before it is detected. A "smoker's cough" or shortness of breath are early signs of problems which can be fatal.{{B}}Jocelyn:{{/B}} For women, cigarette smoking increases the risk of a number of sex-specific health problems. Smoking women can experience irregular periods. Smokers that are on the pill have a greater risk or heart attack, stroke and other diseases. What's more, stroke doesn't only affect elderly people. People in their 20s and 30s also die from strokes caused by smoking.{{B}}Amanda:{{/B}} Many young women regard their smoking as short term, and don't believe they will develop the long-term health effects of smoking. Often there's a sense that you can just quit sometime in the future. However, your current smoking is doing you damaage, and it won't be easier to quit at a later stage. The time to quit smoking is soomer rather than later. Smoking women in the family way can have difficulties during childbirth. {{I}}Now match each of the students (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.{{/I}} {{B}}Statements{{/B}} A. Smoking affects all, though it is more damaging to women. B. Smoking is always damaging regardless of what cigarettes to be smoked. C. The longer you smoke, the more difficult you will give it up. D. Damage can be done as soon as you start smoking. E. Smoking will cause the early ageing of the women in the family way.F. People often overlook the early signs of the deadly problems resulting from smoking.G. Male smokers are more likely to develop smoking-related diseases than female smokers.

填空题Rhondda

填空题Proper Physical Labor

填空题 {{B}}Simon:{{/B}} As a budget traveller I like to hit the road with a backpack whenever I can. I've found {{U}}www. Hostelbookers. Com{{/U}} a great resource for booking hostels in advance of arriving at a destination. No booking fees means competitive prices, and all hostels are rated by others on the gringo trail, so you get a good idea of what to expect on arrival.{{B}}Perth:{{/B}} When I want to read some good travel writing, mixed in with some pithy comment, interviews and news, I check out {{U}}www. Thetransitcafe.com{{/U}}. The writing is very fresh.{{B}}Kim:{{/B}} What many people look for online, but rarely find, is an online guide that tells it like it is without the travel agents' waffle. For anyone heading to the island of Koh Chang, Thailand, {{U}}www.Iamkohchang.com{{/U}} is a must. Run by an English guy who's been living there for a few years, it's a fun and highly informative look at what the Thai tourist authority really does call "The Oriental Eden of the East."{{B}}Jen:{{/B}} Frustrated by the lack of good and unbiased information for travel to South and Central America, I have launched {{U}}www.ontheroadtravel.com{{/U}}. We provide unbiased recommendations and advice for independent travelers to the region. We do all the research ourselves and hire local editors to make sure that you get an "insider's view" into the local culture and, more importantly, that it stays up to date.{{B}}Frances:{{/B}} {{U}}www.cracow-life.com{{/U}} is great for Krakow and other Polish cities. It is easy to use and well laid out with lots of useful information about what's going on in the cities.{{I}} Now match each of the websites (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. {{/I}}{{B}}Statements{{/B}}[A] It's a travel website with a lot of good articles and commeats.[B] The website is loved by the writers.[C] It's a travel website that you can get particular information about Warsaw.[D] The website is loved by the backpackers.[E] It's a suitable website for the man who looking for the travel information about Brazil.[F] It's a travel website that you can get particular and useful information about Bangkok.[G] It's a travel website that you can get particular information about China.

填空题Directions: Read the following article in which five people talk about the workaholics. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each speaker (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Simon: I work not because I like it but that I have to, so I often count the minutes until stopping work or holidays. However, my sister is totally different. She enjoys her work so much that she often spends extra time on her job and even takes work home with her. I think she is so crazy about work just as some people are about drugs or alcohol. I could hardly understand it. Matthew: Work is a core element of our lives. It gives us a sense of identity in the larger world outside the personal circle of family and friends. However, there are some people for whom work occupies an even more central place in their lives. Workaholics are a stereotype of modern life, and they are both praised and criticized. On the one hand, it may be the accepted way of earning promotion. On the other hand, workaholics are often viewed as neglecting aspects of life such as family and leisure that are important for maintaining a healthy equilibrium. Andrew: In cities, workaholism is so common that people do not regard it as unusual. I think workaholics prefer to work rather than do anything else because they don't know how to kill time if they don't work. They can only get pleasure from work. Work is everything for them. Colin: Workaholism is dangerous in a sense because it can cause some problems. First of all, workaholics often have health problems because they don't have time to relax and keep themselves occupied all the time. Secondly, their family life is not happy since they spend little time with their family. Their marriage may even end in divorce. Vincent: Being a workaholic can mean you achieve great things, but more people achieve great things without being addicted to work. Workaholics need time away from work and when I say "away from" I mean psychologically distanced from it as well as physically. If you are still obsessing about work when you should be focused on your loved ones or an outside-of-work activity, then you are still basically working. Statements A. Being a workaholic is praised as well as criticized. B. If you don't get rid of workaholism, you may get ill. C. To get promotion, you need to be a workaholic. D. Workaholics' behaviours are hard to understand. E. Workaholics had better have some time with no work. F. Workaholics need time to be away from work both psychologically and physically. G. Workaholics don't know how to enjoy themselves except working.