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单选题Power of Words Words are living things, the very bodies in which ideas and emotions become materialized. Once an idea or an emotion has been put into words, it acquires infinitely more strength and persuasiveness than it possessed before. It is now a thing more than can be spoken and heard and visualized in imagination. By the power of the word, to an extraordinary extent, we can influence what happens to our lives. There is a famous old story about an optimist and a pessimist. A half-tumbler of water was placed before them for their inspection, and they were asked to describe what they saw. "I see," said the optimist cheerfully, "a glass that is half full." "I see," said the pessimist with a heavy sigh, "a glass that is half empty." There could hardly be a better example of the power of words, and of how word-choice can come to colour our whole mood and outlook. "Full" is a grand word, but "empty" is a lean, lonely word. If we say often enough how full things are, we grow more and more into a fullness of our own. If we say often enough how empty things are, we can make our life-adventure an emptiness indeed. It happens to everyone of us that we encounter in this life a variety of trials, troubles, disappointments and frustrations. It also happens to everyone of us that we encounter happinesses, rewards, and unexpected blessings. What balance we strike—whether we build on the blessings, and progress into an ever-increase of the good things on the positive side, or whether we magnify the miseries until our life sinks to what an old nurse of mine used to call a "depressingness" on the negative side—this issue can depend to a surprising extent on what spirits we create with words. How often do we speak of the "agony" of some small discomfort like a cut finger or a pinching pair of shoes? How often do we say, when we are a bit tired at the end of a hard day, that we are "pretty nearly dead"? By the thousands we speak poison-words, doom-words, failure-words; and every time we do so we conjure each depressing idea a little farther into life. "It makes me sick," we say, and in that instant a little ghost of sickness is conjured into being to companion us. "Everything always happens to me." The words come easily. We think they drift away and are gone. But they are not. We have built a little ghost of bitterness to live with. And presently, little by little, the joy has gone out of our world, and now all we can see when we look at the half-full water glass is that it is half empty. The dictionary is abundant in sunny words, healthy words, happy words, words to utter the good. There is plenty of good to be uttered, certainly. There has been a lot of causes for rejoicing in the lives of you and me. It is not suggested that we should never utter a syllable about the dark side of events. Of course not. But in building an attitude that has a healthiness and constructiveness about it, what kinds of words should we advise ourselves to use? It is simply a psychological fact that we can do immense good to ourselves, and can avoid a great deal of self-poisoning, just by taking a bit of care about what words we use. Out of words, in a very real sense, we build the picture of life that becomes our reality. By words we create the "powers", dark or smiling, that company and rule us.

单选题The word "naive" in "a naive picture of the scene" most likely means

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} Most of us think that, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, commute to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a great extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I desparately reject that. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play an essential part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruellest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and human society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they can exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own -- and others'-- working lives. The most important thing is that they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable -- for themselves -- by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.

单选题Howoftendoesthewomanseeherparents?A.Veryoften.B.Onceaweek.C.Onceamonth.

单选题Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about computer science education in Switzerland.

单选题The colonists first settled in ______ in Australia. [A] South Australia [B] Queensland [C] Tasmania [D] Victoria

单选题Which of the following is true about the joint ventures formed by White-owned companies and minority-owned concerns?

单选题About 50 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at Stroke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled. In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stroke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stroke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1,604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stroke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics. The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can"t enjoy sports. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwilling- ness of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodies. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.

单选题The word "exposed" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to______.

单选题British ______ is one of the four major news agencies in the west. A. Reuters B. Press Association C. External Financial D. I. T. C

单选题You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. Questions 11—13 are based on the following talk about Mark Twain, a well-known American writer.

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单选题{{I}} Questions 14-16 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16.{{/I}}

单选题Questions 17-20 are based on the following monologue.

单选题Whymusttheymeetat7:00?[A]Becausethey'regoingtoplanttrees.[B]Becausetheydon'tknowtheway.[C]Becausetheyhavetowalkthere.