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单选题Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspace in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot of enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
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单选题Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflation—an impetus of wages chasing prices—of maybe 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have been tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse. By the end of the year, we will be in a situation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How much worse will oil, food and housing prices make that? The situation has degenerated to the point that the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where you"re talking about a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, won"t make much difference. Postponing action just means that inflation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with. You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint. All the burden now is on monetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy and an easier monetary policy. To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. That"s a major cut in government programs—and very hard to do. It"s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living. So it means cuts across the board in every area—including the indexed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State and local-government revenue-sharing programs are another major candidate. You"ve also got to reopen the 1980 budget and cut that. Then I would favor wage and price controls to break the impetus of the wage-price interaction In order to get quick results, I"d set the standard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices. Basically, you"re aiming to cut the rate of inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions, but you would focus on large corporations and major labor settlements. For the special sectors where the big shocks have occurred, controls won"t work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one of those areas. There are no cheap or easy solutions to the inflation problem. My answer is to take all the things that everybody wants to do, and instead of choosing among them, do all of them. We"ve got to think in terms of a comprehensive program.
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单选题The mass media and specialized reading materials replaced the old shared literacy culture. This fact shows that ______.
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单选题You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answer. You will hear each piece once only.
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单选题Now let's stop talking and begin A. write B. written C. to write
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单选题Questions 14—16 are based on the following monologue about a car accident. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14—16.
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单选题The word "sole" in paragraphl is closest in meaning to which of the following word?
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单选题Eating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsession, especially among people with money to spend. Healthier eating — and not-so-healthy eating — as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase at an ever-quickening pace. Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years ahead. Consumers traveling the globe, both virtually and in reality, will be able to sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every corner of the earth at an ever-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world. Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Virtually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Weston, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in locales as diverse as Singapore, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At each stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere. This trend will gain even greater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food savvy as an important aspect of their own advancement. Young people will need knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, enculturation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will make its biggest inroads among the younger set. Many in the generations now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their personal plans, business acumen, and individual growth. The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Computer networking wilt permit chefs and others in the food industry, including consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypassing second-hand sources of information altogether. Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging world food trends. More and more of us are destined to operate on global time — that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered all over the planet. Beyond the 24-hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift shopping centers open at any hour. Restaurants in the great business capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of- dawn dinners (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow.
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单选题They don't work ______ as you. A. so hard B. harder C. hard
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单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}}   As the new economy has cooled, there has Been a steady drumbeat of layoff announcements. More than 36,000 dotcom employees were cut in the second half of last year, including some 10,000 last month. But th6 firings went well beyond dotcomland. There were more than 480,000 layoffs through November. General Motors is laying off 15,000 workers with the closing of Oldsmobile. Whirlpool is trimming 6,300 workers; Aetna is letting go 5,000. The remarkable thing is that US unemployment has so far stayed strikingly low. While the NASDAQ plunged and growth trailed off last year, the unemployment rate fluctuated between 3.9% and 4.1%. That pales compared with the unemployment rates during Old Economy dark years like 1992 (7.5%) and 1982 (9.7%). And it gives the lie to an Old Economy article of faith--that there was a "natural rate of unemployment below which the economy could not operate without spurring inflation". The supposed natural rate: just under 6%. How to account for the strong jobs picture? In part it's because of the tight labor market of the New Economy. Employers fought hard during the expansion to recruit and retain skilled workers. They are not looking to slash their payrolls unless they think a major recession is coming--because they know how much time and effort went into building their work forces. There is also more worker "churning" going on. Employees are losing their jobs for economic reasons, but they're generally finding new work quickly. The latest rite of the Internet world is the "pink-slip party" for those just let go. Dotcommers go to commiserate and often come away with new job offers. Job churning makes the economy more efficient: it directs workers to the positions where they are most useful. But it comes at some psychic cost to employees and weakens the social fabric. Workers who shift from job to job do not have the security, or form the same workplace bonds, which corporate long-timers did in the Old Economy.
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单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsides by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies "dumped" their products in the United States at "less than fair value". Even when no unfair practices are all alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient ground to seek relief. Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate Web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports-and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad-the United States company's products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties. Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The "United States" company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the "Canadian" companies included a subsidary of a Chicago firm that was the second largest domestic producer of rock salt.
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单选题It is the bride's parents who normally have to ______.
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单选题 Questions 14~16 are hosed on a text about ice phrases. Yon now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14~6.
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单选题 The free enterprise has produced a technology capable of providing the American consumer with the largest and most varied marketplace in the world. Technological advances, however, have come hand-in-hand with impersonal mass marketing of goods and services. Along with progress, too, have come some instances of manipulative advertising practices and a great increase in products whose reliability, safety and quality are difficult to evaluate. Today's consumers buy, enjoy, use and discard more types of goods than could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. Yet too often consumers have no idea of the materials that have gone into the manufacturer's finished product or their own motivation in selecting one product over another. Easy credit and forceful techniques of modern marketing persuade many consumers to buy what they cannot afford. The consequent overburdening of family budgets is a problem for consumers at all economic levels. It is not unusual for families to allocate 20 percent or more of their income to debt repayments without understanding the effect this allocation has upon other choices. Some families have such tight budgets that an illness, a period of unemployment, or some other crisis finds them without adequate reserves. In addition to the growing complexity of the market, consumers arc sometimes faced with unfair and deceptive practices. Although there are laws designed to protect the consumers, there is not a sufficient number a law enforcers to cover all the abuses of the marketplace. An adult in today's society should be knowledgeable in the use of credit. He should understand what is involved in purchasing a house, and the many pitfalls to be avoided when entering into financial agreements. He should know enough about advertising and selling techniques to enable him to discern the honest from the deceptive. He should be knowledgeable about consumer protection laws so that he can demand his rights. When he needs help, he should know the private and public sources to which he can turn for assistance.
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