问答题Directions: As television brings some unfavorable influence on people, some suggest that we should do away with television. Since you consider television as an indispensable part of your life, you should write in response to the suggestion. Please include the following points in your essay: 1) Television provides us with the information of the world. 2) Television helps us to improve ourselves. 3) Television offers entertainment. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. (61) Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today? In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. (62) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. (63) The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. (64) Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computer to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. (65) "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160～200wordsonthetopic:smokingshouldbebannedinpublic.Youshould:1)Describethedrawing;2)Giveyourreasonsandsuggestions.

问答题一个合理编排的课程表，犹如一个营养均衡的食谱，里面各个项目都是有益而必需的，不可偏废，不可再有选择。所谓选修科目也只是在某一项目范围内略有挑选余地而已。一个受过良好教育的人，犹如一个科班出身的戏剧演员，在坐科的时候他是要服从严格纪律的，唱工作工武把子都要认真学习，谙通戏中的各种角色，学成之后才能各按其趣味而单独发展其所长。学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的奠过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性也很难强分轩轾。

问答题In the 16 th and 17 th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modem education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. 1 He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and that parents have a role to play in the schooling of their children. The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vives wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16 th century. 2 He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in government and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned, and in this way he anticipated Herbart and the 19th-century psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thorndike"s Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. 3 He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the schools"s role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activties are studied. Finally, 4 Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. 5 Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.

问答题Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

问答题Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouressay,youshould(1)describethecartoonbriefly,(2)interpretitsmeaningand(3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayof160～200wordsinwhichyoushould1)Describethedrawing;2)Interpretitsmeaning;3)Supportyourviewwithexamples.

问答题Three common ways of remembering are: repetition, association, and exaggeration. Repetition is the key to long term memory. 1 Physiologically, when brain cells are activated by the memory process, the nerve cell coating becomes thicker and thicker with each repetition, strengthening the electrical pathway in brain that constitutes memory. In addition, when associations between parts of a thing remembered are formed, the nerve cell body sends out axon runners to other associated memory cells. These runners from one cell connect to runners on other cells. 2 As the pathway is used repetitiously, the surrounding ceils become larger and more tightly wrapped around the electrically conductive pathways, thereby transforming the memory from a short-term memory to a long-term memory. Memories of similar objects reside in nearby regions of the brain, while memories of exotic or exaggerated objects are farther away. 3 By forming memories with creative and unusual associations, many more pathways are established, much like a spider weaving an ever bigger web, in which each part leads to the center by many interconnected pathways. Memory links are also established when a variety of sensations and muscular activity are engaged. 4 Indeed, some people seem to be more proficient at learning by either seeing, hearing or writing, but no one method can provide the more numerous pathways provided by all three in combination. Memory is enhanced not only by repetition, but also by association and exaggeration of certain features of the object. Many memories are recalled as series of objects. For instance, a memory device to remember four common logical fallacies is a picture of the Earth, with the green continents and blue oceans, viewed from outer space with a flight of white geese circling around it. This image is used to recall the statement "geese circle every continent." The first letters of that statement stand for the logic fallacies of generalization, circularities, either/or, and cause and effect. Size, also, seems to play a role in memorization. During the Middle Ages, memory contests were held annually. In one, the winner remembered one hundred thousand sequential items. A time-proven memory method from the Middle Ages is association of abstract ideas to large objects. 5 The objects used for trigger recall seem to need to be about the size of a human, so that, if we were blind, we could identify the object by touch. Large objects in the memory seem to engage muscular memory areas as well as sight memory areas in the brain and expand the memory web. For instance, remembering the points of a speech about a military battle might involving walking from one room to another in a familiar house.

问答题 1 If people can become angry because there is somebody else around who is angry; if students become intelligent because teachers expect them to be intelligent, it is obvious that a study of human behavior requires a study of the social contexts within which people move, the expectations as to how they will behave, and the authority which tells them who they are and what they are supposed to do. And, to understand the true nature of women, we must understand the social expectations about them and the social conditions under which they live. 2 How are women characterized in our culture, and in psychology? They are inconsistent, emotionally unstable, weak, intuitive rather than intelligent, and, if they are at all normal, suited to the home and the family. In short, if they know their place, which is in the home, they are really quite lovable, happy, child-like, loving creatures. 3 In a review of the intellectual differences between little boys and little girls, a psychologist has shown that there are no intellectual differences until about high school, or, if there are, girls are slightly ahead of boys. At high school, girls begin to do worse on a few intellectual tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, and beyond high school, the achievement of women drops off more rapidly. There are a number of non-intellectual tests showing sex differences. I choose this one because it is seen clearly that women start becoming inferior. It is no use to talk about women being different but equal; all the tests I can think of have a "good" outcome. Women always end up at the "bad" outcome. 4 In light of social expectations about women, what is surprising is that some women resist this message even after high school, college and graduate school. 5 Many psychologists assume that people move in a context-free condition either. Until they begin to respect evidence, and until they begin looking at the social context within which people move, psychology will have nothing to offer. I don"t know what unalterable differences exist between men and women. Probably there are a number of differences. But it is clear that until social expectations for men and women are equal, until we provide equal respect for both men and women, our answers to this question will simply reflect our prejudices.

问答题Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst.