填空题Many parents who welcome the idea of turning (32) the TV and (33) more time with the family are still worried that (34) TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember (35) Up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem (36) , less resourceful, somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with anything to do (37) turning on the TV. One father, for example, says, "When I was a (38) , we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained (39) an annoying way (40) our parents, 'I have nothing to do !' "He compares this with his own children today: "They are simply lazy. If someone (41) entertain them, they'll happily sit there watching TV all day. " There is one word for this father's disappointment; unfair. (42) is as if he (43) disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores his children's (44) of inventiveness, as if the ability to play was missing. In fact, (45) the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play-to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to (46) fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to be (47) and developed. Such disappointment, however, is not only (48) , it is also destructive. Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are. (49) , lacking something, and that this (50) them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things (51) their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.

填空题According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction to poison ivy each year. Poison ivy is often very difficult to spot. It closely resembles several other common garden plants, and can also blend in with other plants and weeds. But if you come into contact with it, you'll soon know by the itchy, blistery rash that forms on your skin. Poison ivy is a red, itchy rash caused by the plant that bears its name. Many people get it when they are hiking or working in their garden and accidentally come into direct contact with the plant's leaves, roots, or stems. The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes it forms blisters. (66) About 85 percent of people are allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Only a tiny amount of this chemical—1 billionth of a gram—is enough to cause a rash in many people. Some people may boast that they've been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten the rash, but that doesn't necessarily mean they're not allergic. Sometimes the allergy doesn't emerge until you've been exposed several times, and some people develop a rash after their very first exposure. It may take up to ten days for the rash to emerge the first time. (67) Here are some other ways to identify the poison ivy plant. It generally grows in a cluster of low, weed-like plants or a woody vine which can climb trees or fences. It is most often found in moist areas, such as riverbanks, woods, and pastures. The edges of the leaves are generally smooth or have tiny "teeth". Their color changes based on the season—reddish in the spring; green in the summer; and yellow, orange, or red in the fall. Its berries are typically white. (68) The body's immune system is normally in the business of protecting us from bacteria, viruses, and the foreign invaders that can make us sick. But when urushiol from the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. Hay fever is another example of this type of response; in the case of hay fever, the immune system overreacts to pollen, or another plant-produced substance. (69) The allergic reaction to poison ivy is known as delayed hypersensitivity. Unlike immediate hypersensitivity, which causes an allergic reaction within minutes of exposure to an antigen, delayed hypersensitivity reactions don't emerge for several hours or even days after the exposure. (70) In the places where your skin has come into contact with poison ivy leaves or urushiol, within one to two days you'll develop a rash, which will usually itch, redden, bum, swell, and form blisters. The rash should go away within a week, but it can last longer. The severity of the reaction often has to do with how much urushiol you've touched. The rash may appear sooner in some parts of the body than in others, but it doesn't spread—the urushiol simply absorbs into the skin at different rates in different parts of the body. Thicker skin such as the skin on the soles of your feet, is harder to penetrate than thinner skin on your arms and legs. A. Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant—the leaves, stems, and roots—it's best to avoid the plant entirely to prevent a rash. The trouble is, poison ivy grows almost everywhere in the United States (with the exception of the Southwest, Alaska, and Hawaii), so geography won't help you. The general rule to identify poison ivy, "leaflets three, let it be," doesn't always apply. Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf—but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group. B. Most people don't have a reaction the first time they touch poison ivy, but develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. Everyone has a different sensitivity, and therefore a slightly different reaction, to poison ivy. Sensitivity usually decreases with age and with repeat exposures to the plant. C. Here's how the poison ivy response occurs. Urushiol makes its way down through the skin, where it is metabolized, or broken down. Immune cells called T lymphocytes (or T-cells) recognize the urushiol derivatives as a foreign substance, or antigen. They send out inflammatory signals called cytokines, which bring in white blood cells. Under orders from the cytokines, these white blood cells turn into macrophages. The macrophages eat foreign substances, but in doing so they also damage normal tissue, resulting in the skin inflammation that occurs with poison ivy. D. Poison ivy's cousins, poison oak and poison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. Poison oak grows as a shrub (one to six feet tall). It is typically found along the West Coast and in the South, in dry areas such fields, woodlands, and thickets. Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three. They tend to be thick, green, and hairy on both sides. Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and along the Mississippi River. It is a woody shrub made up of stems with rows of seven to thirteen smooth-edged leaflets. E. The culprit behind the rash is a chemical in the sap of poison ivy plants called urushiol. Its name comes from the Japanese word "urushi," meaning lacquer. Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. Poison ivy, Eastern poison oak, Western poison oak, and poison sumac are all members of the same family—Anacardiaceae. F. Call your doctor if you experience these more serious reactions: · Pus around the rash (which could indicate an infection). · A rash around your mouth, eyes, or genital area. · A fever above 100 degrees. · A rash that does not heal after a week.

填空题Accordingtothespeaker,whoshouldenjoythefightofAcademicFreedom?

填空题“Down-to-earth”means someone or something that is honest. realistic and easy to deal with. It is a pleasure to find (31) who is down-to-earth. A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk (32) and accepts other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the (33) of someone who acts important or proud. Down-to-earth persons may be (34) members of society, of course. But they do not let their importance“ (35) to their heads”. They do not consider themselves to be better persons than (36) of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride, (37) without cause, is said to have“his nose in the air”. There is (38) way a person with his nose in the air Can be down-to-earth. Americans (39) another expression that means almost the same as“down-to-earth”. The expression is“both-feet-on-me-ground”. Someone (40) both-feet-on-me-ground is a person with a good understanding (41) reality. He has what is called“common sense, ”he may have dreams, (42) he does not allow them to block his knowledge of (43) is real. The opposite kind of (44) is one who has his“head-in-the-clouds”. A man with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer (45) mind is not in the real world. (46) , such a dreamer can be brought back to earth. Sharp words from teacher Can usually (47) a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. Usually．the person who is down-to-earth is very (48) to have both feet on the ground. (49) we have both our feet on the ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly (50) others. Our lives are like the ground below US, solid and strong.

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填空题The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services. The second (31) is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the (32) . The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products. They also try to persuade customers to buy the (33) by creating a desire (34) it. Because of advertisement, consumers think that they want something that they do not need. After buying something, the purchaser cannot always explain why it was (35) . Even (36) the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something, the manufacturers (37) . Manufacturers have analyzed the business of (38) and buying. They know all the different motives that influence a consumer's purchase—some rational and (39) emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (40) . Why (41) so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store management has some good (42) . By the time the customer is (43) to pay for a purchase, he or she has already made rational, thought-out decisions (44) what he or she needs and wants to buy. The (45) feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point. The (46) of candy, chewing gum, and magazines are very attractive. They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional, not (47) motives. For example, the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to pay money, he or she may suddenly decide to buy (48) . This is exactly (49) the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will (50) . The customer follows his or her plan.

填空题· enables players to construct buildings in different styles?

填空题With 500 days left until the year 2,000, experts said last week, that it may already be too late for many companies to defuse the millennium computer time bomb. According to the Gartner Group, A US high-technology consultant agency, nearly a quarter of all worldwide companies have not yet started work on plans to to solve the year 2,000 programme problems. 1 The Gartner Group, which said last year the millennium bomb rehabilitation would cost between US $300 billion and US $ 600 billion worldwide, also said in the report published this month when only 50 per cent of companies that had projects to eliminate the bug planned to test their corrected systems. Dangerous policy Experts said this was a dangerous policy, because correcting computer programmes often introduced new flaws. Testing was essential. The millennium computer bomb is a legacy from shortcuts by software writers, who in the name of economy expressed years with just the final two digits rather than four. When clocks tick past midnight on December 31,1999, many unrectified computers and chips will interpret the double zero as 1900. 2 Some experts say the problem has been "grossly exaggerated by software companies seeking to scare customers into buying the latest, bug-free products. 3 "The situation is pretty tatal. Most companies are doing something, but are they doing enough?" He said in an interview. Titterington also said that for the vast majority of businesses there was no external check on the effectiveness of their making-up work. Running out of time 4 Companies now could only pinpoint vital computer systems for fixing. Less crucial systems would just have to run the risk of crashing and be fixed later, Mehta said. "Some crucial areas apart from computers are not getting enough attention. I don"t think networking companies have their act together--meaning manufacturers of routers, switches and network equipment like Bay ( Networks Inc) and Cisco ( Systms Inc), these kinds of companies. "Mehta said. He said, "Anybody looking at their systems now is probably too late anyway." Critical situation In his report,Gartner Group millennium research director, Lou marcoccio, said that of the 15, 000 companies and government agencies surveyed 23 percent had not started millennium bomb projects. Of these ,86 per cent were small companies which would not have a chance to remedy their systems unless they began immediately, Marcoccio said. 5 "Eastern Europe, Russia, India, Pakistan, Southeast Asia, Japan, most of South America, most of the Middle East and Central Africa all lag the United States by more than 12 months." "Most of Western Europe is six months behind the United States, except for Germany which is 12 months behind, and France, which is eight to 10 months behind." "The US Government has the lead on all other national governments by an even wider margin than the companies in those countries. Most government agencies are significantly behind the United States, "the report said. A. This will turn many computer programmes to mush. Unchecked, many public utilities, assembly lines, bank teller machines, traffic lights and lifts may shut down. B. But Graham Titterington, consultant at London consultancy Ovum, does not enjoy this optimistic view. C. This means most of these organizations will effectively be unable to fix their systems in time. D. The Gartner report said most western European companies and the United States had made good progress. Germany was a notable laggard. E. Mitul Mehta, senior European research manager at Frost & Sullivan in London, said time was insutticient out for many companies. F. Computers are being used in aviation. They are used in the training of airline pilots. Computers also direct the flight of planes from one city to another, control their air speeds and altitudes, and even land them.

填空题{{B}} A=Football B=Table Tennis C=Standing Volleyball D=Basketball Which description (s) mentioned that... {{/B}} {{B}}A{{/B}} Football The game of football has a history of constant rule changes. Rule changes have been implemented to bolster the excitement of the game of football and to increase the game's safety. By 1906 the game was extremely rough, and many injuries and some deaths had occurred. Educators considered dropping the sport de spite its popularity on campuses. United States President Theodore Roosevelt, and ardent advocate of strenuous sports, declared that the game must be made safer. As a result, football leaders revamped the game, and many of the rougher tactics were outlawed. In a constant attempt to maintain public interest in the game, NFI. rulemakers review trends in their sport. For example, in the early 1970s, the rulemakers brought the hash marks in closer to the center of the field to give offenses more room to throw wide. The move, which increased scoring and made the game more exciting, also helped bolster the running game. Ten NFL runners gained more than 1 000 yards in one season (1972) for the first time in history. During the next season, Buffalo Bills' running back O.J. Simpson rushed for more than 2 000 yards, the first time a player had gained that many yards in a single season. However, the passing game eventually suffered as defenses quickly adjusted. The Pittsburgh Steelers had a stranglehold on the NFL during the 1970s, with four Super Bowl victories. The dominant defensive athletes the Steelers put on the field shut down the wide-open passing attacks that had developed in the previous era. By 1977 scoring was the lowest it had been since 1942, while offensive touchdowns had fallen to their lowest levels since 1938. The rulemakers enacted serious measures after this low scoring 1977 season, fearing a loss of public interest in the defense-dominated game. {{B}}B{{/B}} Table Tennis Table Tennis began in England. The game, and to begin with it was only a game and not a sport, was born in the 1 880s when adherents of lawn tennis adapted their pastime to be played indoors during the winter months. "Whiff-Waft" and "Ping Pong" were just two of a number of games patented in England during the 1890's, and sold with simple rules. "Gossamer" was another early name for the game from which Table Tarots evolved. Early equipment consisted of rubber or cork balls, and bats made of dried animal skins stretched over a wooden frame. The game's popularity rose steadily, sometimes dramatically, and by 1901 table tennis tournaments were being organised, associations had been formed, and books on the game had been published. An unofficial "World Championship" was held in 1902. The "parlour game" of table tennis was rapidly assuming the status of a serious sport. The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was formed in Berlin in 1926 and international laws were adopted. The first official World Championships were held in London the same year. Seven countries participated. By this time balls were made of celluloid and bats consisted of sheets of pimpled rubber glued to wooden blades. Developments over later decades included "sandwich" rubber (pimpled rubber attached to a layer of sponge), rubbers specially treated to impart extra spin or to absorb spin, and "speed" glues which were absorbed into the sponge to make the rubber springier and add speed to the ball. {{B}}C{{/B}} Standing Volleyball Standing Volleyball was played by disabled sportsmen long before the International Federation was founded, It has its roots in Great Britain and was originally only played by amputees. Due to the variations of amputation, a classification system was set up and players were put into one of nine categories. To encourage those with a more severe amputation to participate, a point system on court was introduced -- each player received points for the degree of amputation -- and 13 points was the minimal team requirement on court. In 1984, it was decided to open up the game to allow other disability groups to take part in, thereby encouraging more nations to participate. Although this initially created more classification problems, the WOVD finally, after four years, established criteria for classification, which includes those players with various arm or leg disabilities. {{B}}D{{/B}} Basketball Dr James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The concept of basketball was born from his school days in the area where he played a simple child's game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. After serving as McGill's Athletic Director, he moved on to the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891 where the sport of basketball was born. In Springfield, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for playing inside during the Massachusetts winter for the students at the School for Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a game that could be playe4 indoors in a relatively small space. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals. Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball.·the game began in England in the 1880s 71. ______ ·in 1984, it was decided to open up the game to allow other disability groups to take part in 72. ______ ·in 1926 an international organization was formed and international laws were adopted 73. ______ ·the sport was created by a Canadian in the USA 74. ______ ·it was originally only played by amputees 75. ______ ·the game was extremely rough 76. ______ ·a point system on court was introduced 77. ______ ·the rulemakers enacted serious measures 78. ______ ·"Gossamer" was another early name for the kind of sport 79. ______ ·the first game was played with a soccer ball 80. ______

填空题The United States leads all industrial nations in the proportion of its young men and women who receive higher education. Why is this? What motivates a middle-income family with two children to 1 loans for up to $120,000 so that their son and daughter can 2 private universities for four years? Why would both parents in a low-income family take jobs to support their three children at a state university—each 3 an annual cost of $4,0007 Why should a woman in her forties quit her job and use her savings to 4 for the college education she did not receive when she was 5 ? Americans place a high personal value 6 higher education. This is an attitude that goes 7 to the country"s oldest political traditions. People in the United States have always believed that education is necessary for 8 a democratic government. They believe that it prepares the individual 9 informed intelligent, political participation, including voting. Before World War Ⅱ, a high school education seemed adequate for 10 most people"s needs, but the post-war period produced dozens of new questions for Americans. How should atomic 11 be used? Should scientists be 12 to experiment in splitting genes? Should money be spent on 13 astronauts into space—or should it be used for aid to another nation? Americans rarely express a direct vote on such complex matters, but the representatives they elect 14 decide such issues. In recent years, 15 a result, many Americans have begun to regard a college education as necessary to becoming an informed American voter.

填空题 You will hear a talk. As you listen, you must answer questions 21—30 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE.

填空题Our social development was encouraged through teamwork. We worked in groups with people we'd never met (1) . We learnt to listen to other people's (2) and to make (3) of each other's particular talents and skills. We realized that we may not always be right; and we saw how even small task which seemed unimportant and boring could be valuable contributions to a (4) goal. All these were valuable experiences for me and I have not forgotten them. I have understood more (5) then about how people can work (6) and I have gained an insight (7) how larger and more important groups such as companies, administrative bodies and even governments work together. What we were doing was (8) a very much smaller scale of course, but the human relationships were much the same. (9) you know, the third aspect of our all-round development was the mental or spiritual. Our particular method was to examine our own beliefs and (10) of other people. We found out about different (11) political and cultural beliefs. But we did this by direct experience of people (12) such beliefs rather (13) through reading about them. This made them much more real. We had to confront the fact (14) perfectly reasonable and intelligent people could have ideas about life and (15) , for example, completely different from our (16) . Instead of simply accepting the attitudes and ideas we had learnt (17) parents and schools, we were challenged to examine them and even to defend them against challenge. Of course, that (18) have had tremendous impact on my outlook of life. The main effect of this (19) me was to make me more tolerant of other people's beliefs. I also had to think deeply about my own set of values, and so I came to hold them actively and with understanding rather than lazily and passively. I didn't change my ideas much, but I (20) understand why I had them, and I saw that there were many alternatives.

填空题 An allergy is an unusually strong reaction{{U}} (31) {{/U}}a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen. Trees usually produce pollen in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall{{U}} (32) {{/U}}part of their reproductive process. Other causes include organisms such as dust mites and molds. Chemicals, plants and dead skin particles{{U}} (33) {{/U}}dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. {{U}}(34) {{/U}}can insect stings and some foods. The most common kind of{{U}} (35) {{/U}}reaction is itchy, watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also{{U}} (36) {{/U}}red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening—for example, when breathing passages become{{U}} (37) {{/U}}. Avoiding{{U}} (38) {{/U}}causes an allergy may not always be easy. Antihistamine drugs{{U}} (39) {{/U}}offer an effective treatment. Another{{U}} (40) {{/U}}used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is{{U}} (41) {{/U}}with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time{{U}} (42) {{/U}}the patient develops a resistance{{U}} (43) {{/U}}the allergen. In the United States, experts estimate that up to four percent of adults and up to eight percent of young children have food{{U}} (44) {{/U}}. Every year these allergies cause about thirty thousand{{U}} (45) {{/U}}of anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that requires immediate treatment. It can result{{U}} (46) {{/U}}trouble breathing and in some cases death. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases says one hundred to two hundred people die. It says most of the reactions are caused{{U}} (47) {{/U}}peanuts and tree nuts such as walnuts. People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about five to ten percent of bad reactions to commonly used{{U}} (48) {{/U}}are allergic. In other words, a person's immune system overreacts and{{U}} (49) {{/U}}an allergic reaction. The{{U}} (50) {{/U}}common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.

填空题A Rock painting Paintings or engravings found on precipitous cliffs in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou in Southwest China; Fujian in East China and Mount Yinshan in Inner Mongolia; Altai in China's extreme west and Heihe in tile far north, are even more ancient. Strong visual effects characterize the bright red cliff paintings in southern China that depict scenes of sacrificial rites, production activities and daily life. In comparison, hunting, animal grazing, wars and dancing are then main themes of cliff paintings in northern China. B Painting of beauties The Tang Dynasty (618—907) witnessed the prosperity of figure painting, where the most outstanding painters were Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang. Their paintings, depicting the life of noble women and court ladies, exerted an eternal influence on the development of Shi Nu Hua (painting of beau ties), which comprises an important branch of traditional Chinese painting today. Beginning in the Five Dynasty (907—960), each dynasty set up an art academy that gathered together the best painters throughout China. Academy members, who were on the government payroll and wore official uniforms, drew portraits of emperors, nobles and aristocrats that depicted their daily lives. The system proved conducive to the development of painting. The succeeding Song Dynasty (960—1127) developed such academies into the Imperial Art Academy. C Landscape painting During the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) the "Four Great Painters" — Huang Gong-wang, Nizan, Wei Zhen and Wang Meng — represented the highest level of landscape painting. Their works immensely influenced landscape painting of the Ming (1368—1644) and Qing (1644—1911) dynasties. The Ming Dynasty saw the rise of the Women Painting School, which emerged in Suzhou on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Keen to carry on the traditions of Chinese painting, the four women masters blazed new trails and developed their own unique styles. When the Manchus came to power in 1644, the then-best painters showed their resentment to the Qing court in many ways. The "Four Monk Masters" — Zhu Da, Shi Tao, Kun Can and Hong Ran — had their heads shaved to demonstrate their determination not to serve the new dynasty, and they soothed their sadness by painting tranquil nature scenes and traditional art. Yangzhou, which faces Suzhou across the Yangtze River, was home to the "Eight Eccentrics" —the eight painters all with strong characters, proud and aloof, who refused to follow orthodoxy. They used freehand brushwork and broadened the horizon of flower-and-bird painting. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Shanghai, which gave birth to the Shanghai Painting School, had become the most prosperous commercial city and a gathering place for numerous painters. Following the spirit of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, the Shanghai School played a vital role in the transition of Chinese traditional painting from a classical art form to a modem one. The May 4th Movement of 1919, or the New Culture Movement, inspired the Chinese to learn from western art and introduce it to China. Many outstanding painters, led by Xu Beihong, emerged, whose paintings recognized a perfect merging of the merits of both Chinese and Western styles, absorbing western classicism, romanticism and impressionism. Other great painters of this period include Qi Baishi, Huang Binhong and ZhangDaqian. Oil painting,a western art, was introduced to China in the 17th century and gained popularity in the early 20th century. D New Year painting The popular folk painting — Chinese New Year pictures pinned up on doors, room walls and windows on tile Chinese New Year to invite heavenly blessings and ward off disasters and evil spirits — which dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties. Thanks to the invention of block printing, folk painting became popular in the Song Dynasty and reached its zenith of sophistication in the Qing. Woodcuts have become increasingly diverse in style, variety, theme and artistic form since the early 1980s.·drew the daily life of upper classes? 71. ______·was aimed to invite blessings and ward off disasters? 72. ______·witnessed the rise of the women painting school? 73. ______·introduced the western art into China? 74. ______·depicts scenes of production activities and animal grazing? 75. ______·was pinned up on doors, walls and windows? 76. ______·was found in the extreme north of China? 77. ______·combines the merits of Chinese and Western classicism, romanticism, etc? 78. ______·has painters to use freehand brushwork in their flower-and-bird painting? 79. ______·was painted by the painters getting government payroll? 80. ______

填空题Wheredidriceoriginate?

填空题·can grow in places of hard conditions?

填空题·was first played mostly for dancing then for listening?

填空题 Which book... ·places an stress on something that can hardly be learnt at school? 1 ·is particularly helpful for those who fear changes? 2 ·tells readers it doesn"t follow that those who don"t have good academic achieve- ·ment will not make a fortune? 3 ·is not written by a single writer? 4 ·tells a very simple story but it contains many messages? 5 ·seems not to express ideas straightforward? 6 ·is written by the one who also wrote a lot of other works with other writers? 7 ·is probably full of facts? 8 ·is not only statistical but also interesting? 9 ·is not related to finance? 10 A Change can be a blessing or a curse, depending on your perspective. The message of Who Moved My Cheese? is that all can come to see it as a blessing, if they understand the nature of cheese and the role it plays in their lives. Who Moved My Cheese? is a parable that takes place in a maze. Four beings live in that maze: Sniff and Scurry are mice--nonanalytical and nonjudgmental, they just want cheese and are willing to do whatever it takes to get it; Hem and Haw are "little people", mouse-size humans who have an entirely different relationship with cheese. It"s not just sustenance to them; it"s their self-image. Their lives and belief systems are built around the cheese they"ve found. Most of us reading the story will see the cheese as something related to our livelihoods--our jobs, our career path, the industries we work in--although it can stand for anything, from health to relationships. The point of the story is that we have to be alert to changes in the cheese, and be prepared to go running off in search of new sources of cheese when the cheese we have runs out. Dr. Johnson, co-author of The One Minute Manager and many other books, presents this parable to business, church groups, schools, military orgazinations--any place where you find people who may be nervous about or resist change. And although more analytical and skeptical readers may find the tale a little too simplistic, its beauty is that it sums up all natural history in just 94 pages: Thingy change. They always have changed and always will change. And while there"s no single way to deal with change, the consequence of pretending change won"t happen is always the same: The cheese runs out. B Personal-finance author and lecturer Robert Kiyosaki established his unique economic perspective through exposure to a pair of disparate influences: his own highly educated but fiscally unstable father, and the multimillionaire eighth-grade dropout father of his closest friend. The lifelong monetary problems experienced by his "poor dad" (whose weekly paychecks, while respectable, were never quite sufficient to meet family needs) pounded home the counterpoint communicated by his "rich dad" (that "the poor and the middle class work for money", but "the rich have money work for them"). Taking that message to heart, Kiyosaki was able to retire at 47. Rich Dad, Poor Dad, written with consultant and CPA Sharon L. Lechter, lays out the philosophy behind his relationship with money. Although Kiyosaki can take a frustratingly long time to make his points, his book nonetheless compellingly advocates for the type of "financial literacy" that"s never taught in schools. Based on the principle that income-generating assets always provide healthier bottom-line results than even the best of traditional jobs, it explains how those assets might be acquired so that the jobs can eventually be shed. C What do you do after you"ve written the NO. 1 best-seller The Millionaire Next Door? Survey 1, 371 more millionaires and write The Millionaire Mind. Dr. Stanley"s extremely timely tone is mixture of entertaining elements. It resembles Regis Philbin"s hit show(and CD-ROM game) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, only you have to pose real-life questions, instead of quizzing about trivia. Are you gambling, divorce-prone, conspicuously consuming "Income-Statement Affluent" Jacuzzi fool soon to be parted from his or her money, or a frugal, Noyal, resole your shoes and buy your own groceries type like one of Stanley" s "Balance-Sheet Affluent" millionaires? "Cheap dates, "millionaires are 4.9 times likelier to play with their grandkids than shop at Brooks Brothers. "If you asked the average American what it takes to be a millionaire," he writes, "they"d probably quoted a number of predictable factors: inheritance, luck, stock market investments... Topping his list would be a high IQ, high SAT scores and gradepoint average, along with attendance at a top college." No way, says Stanley, backing it up with data he compiled with help from the University of Georgia and Harvard geodemographer Jon Robbin. Robbin may wish he"d majored in socializing at LSU, instead, because the numbers show the average millionaire had a lowly 2.92 GPA, SAT scores between 1100 and 1190, and teachers who told them they were mediocre students but personable people. "Discipline 101 and Tenacity 102" made them wealth. Stanley got straight C"s in English and writing, but he had money-minded drive. He urges you to pattern your life according to Yale professor Robert Sternberg"s Successful Intelligence, because Stanley"s statistics bear out Sternberg"s theories on what makes minds succeed--and it is not IQ. Besides offering insights into millionaires" pinchpenny ways, pleasing quips("big brain, no bucks" ), and 46 statistical charts with catchy titles, Stanley" s book booms with human-potential pep talk and bristles with anecdotes--for example, about a bus driver who made $ 3 million, a doctor(reporting that his training gave him zero people skills)who lost $ 1.5 million, and a loser scholar in the bottom 10 percent on six GRE tests who grew up to be Martin Luther King Jr. Read it and you"ll feel like a million bucks.

填空题

填空题The year 1972 was marked by publication of a controversial book, The Limits to Growth. This study of the world's future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer "modes" of the future of our society, forecast a planet-wide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources. (16) Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable—if we don't change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But for science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They'd been making their own "models" of tomorrow and testing them all their lives. For what the scientists attempted with their computer model is very much like the thing that science fiction writers and readers have been doing for decades. Instead of using a computer to "model" a future world society, science fiction writers have used their human imaginations; This gives the writers some enormous advantages. (17) Science fiction writers are not in the business of predicting the future. They do something much more important. They try to show the many possible futures that lie open to us. For there is not simply a future, a time to come that's inevitable. Our future is built, hit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings. One vital role of science fiction is to show what kinds of future might result from certain kinds of human actions. (18) For while a scientist's job has largely ended when he's reduced his data to tabular or graph form, the work of a science fiction writer is just beginning. His task is to convey the human story: the scientific basis for the possible future of his story is merely the background. Perhaps "merely" is too limiting a word. Much of science fiction consists of precious little except the background, the basic idea, the gimmick. But the best of science fiction, the stories that make a lasting impact on generations of readers, are stories about people. The people may be non-human. They may be robots or other types of machines. But they will be people, in the sense that human readers can feel for them, share their joys and sorrows, their dangers and their ultimate successes. (19) The formula for telling a powerful story has remained the same: create a strong character, a person of great strengths, capable of deep emotions and decisive action. Give him a weakness. Set him in conflict with another powerful character—or perhaps with nature. Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of the protagonist's own interior conflict, the clash of his desires, his own strength against his own weakness. And there you have a story. Whether it's Abraham offering his only son to God, or Paris bringing ruin to Troy over a woman, or Hamlet and Claudius playing their deadly game, Faust seeking the world's knowledge and power—the stories that stand out in the minds of the readers are those whose characters are unforgettable. (20) The writer of science fiction must show how these worlds and these futures affect human beings. And something much more important, he must show how human beings can and do literally create these future worlds. For our future is largely in our own hands. It doesn't come blindly rolling out of the heavens; it is the joint product of the actions of billions of human beings. This is a point that's easily forgotten in the rush of headlines and the hectic badgering of everyday life. But it's a point that science fiction makes constantly, the future belongs to us—whatever it is. We make it, and our actions shape tomorrow. We have the brains and guts to build paradise (or at least try). Tragedy is when we fail, and the greatest crime of all is when we fail even to try. Thus science fiction stands as a bridge between science and art, between the engineers of technology and the poets of humanity. Never has such a bridge been more desperately needed. Writing in the British journal New Scientist, the famed poet and historian Robert Graves said in 1912, "Technology is now warring openly against the crafts, and science covertly against poetry. " What Graves is expressing is the fear that many people have. technology has already allowed machines to replace human muscle power; now it seems that machines such as electronic computers might replace human brainpower. And he goes even further, criticizing science on the grounds that truly human endeavors such as poetry have a power that scientists can't recognize. A. The art of fiction has not changed much since prehistoric times. B. To communicate the ideas, the fears and hopes, the shape and feel of all the infinite possible futures, science fiction writers lean heavily on another of their advantages. the art of fiction. C. One of the advantages is flexibility. D. Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. E. To show other worlds, to describe possible future societies and the five problems lurking ahead, is not enough. F. Apparently Graves sees scientists as a sober, plodding phalanx of soulless thinking machines, never making a step that hasn't been carefully thought out in advance.