填空题Besidestheformofreports,inwhatotherformscanwegiveoralpresentations?

填空题Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages. Cities 53. ______. and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, 54. ______. more hospitals, and more schools. This means that more policemen, more nurses and technicians, and more teachers must be hired. Advances in technology has also changed 55. ______. people's ways of work. Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is 56. ______. a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. 57. ______. People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in the way of life. 58. ______. As income goes down, people may not want more food to eat or more clothes to wear. 59. ______. But they may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are 60. ______. available in these services. The government also affects the kind of works people do. The governments of 61. ______. most countries spend huge sums of money for international defence. They hire 62. ______. thousands of engineers, scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects of defence.

填空题 {{B}}Columbia University{{/B}} Columbia University is one of the toughest universities to get into in the U.S. Coursework at Columbia University is challenging, most notably in a number of required courses within the core curriculum. The core accounts for 90 percent of the work here. Without it, Columbia would be a breeze. The University is teeming with tremendous intellectual activity in just about any field imaginable, and accomplished scholars with mind-boggling brainpower can be found in nearly every department if they are available~ Columbia is a haven for the self-motivated. No one is going to hold your hand. Though students say their school is run pretty efficiently, many students see considerable room for improvement. The administration sometimes restricts you instead of helping you, as one student put it. The library and research resources are poorly lit but truly dazzling. Almost half of Columbia's graduates enter some type of professional school within a year and one in four graduates becomes a lawyer. Columbia offers and Ivy League education in the heart of wonderfully diverse New York City, the greatest city in the world. Students take full advantage of the benefits of their location, especially on the weekends. Life for Columbia students doesn't revolve around Columbia, thus the campus is often dead and lifeless. First-year students are required to live on campus, where there is strict alcohol policy and food services need improvement. While many students are completely satisfied with campus housing options, others view the dorms as rat-and-roach-infested closets. {{B}}Yale University{{/B}} Yale University is truly one of America's great universities. As a major national research center, Yale attracts many of the world's great scholars. But unlike other research institutes, Yale also devotes a lot of attention to undergraduates, The professors here enjoy teaching, and the students do learn a lot in classes. However, students complain that too many classes at all levels are taught by TAs and that they occasionally encounter professors who are poor teachers. Conflict on campus over TAs' demands for higher wages and union representation has also been a cause of concern, heated debate, high anxiety, and student anger at the administration. Academic departments are all excellent here. Among the school's many fine departments, standouts, include drama, English, history, and the premedical program. Yale has no core curriculum, instead requiring students to complete a broad range of general education requirement. Students say they like the "shopping period" registration system: they don't formally register for classes until two weeks into the semester, so the likelihood of getting stuck with a lousy class is minimized. It would be foolish to pass up a chance to attend Yale University for just about any reason, provided you can deal with New Haven. Yale students have survived there for centuries, but they are not thrilled about it. Yalies give their home city extremely low marks. Yale's worst problem is New Haven. It is dangerous and unreceptive to students. Life on and immediately around campus is great, but otherwise it's a real problem. {{B}}Michigan State University{{/B}} Michigan State University is a large university, which leads necessarily to some lack of personal attention. There are even six classes taught via television. TAs play a large role on campus because large lecture classes exist for most introductroy subjects. Students here have a wide range of majors to choose from — over 150, and if you don't find a major you like, you can design your own. Michigan State University also has extensive international connections and offers the opportunity to study at seventy-six universities around the world. The students enjoy the contact they have with the professors. The administration is helpful and hardworking. Michigan State University is located in East Lansing, a good college town. Almost half the students live in college housing, and Greek life is strong here. The annual spring concert and Greek Week are especially popular events. As in any very large school, there is a diversity of opinions as to what makes up Michigan State University life. Some students enjoy it for its academic rigor. Others note the fanatical frenzy of the sports program, and student spirit for the Michigan State Spartans. Over 45 percent of Michigan State University students participate in intramural sports. A=Columbia University B=Yale University C. Michigan State University Which university ... ·is most likely to attract world-famous scholars? 71. ______ ·has established extensive international connections with other universites? 72. ______·requires the students to spend most of their time on core curriculum? 73. ______ ·gives the students a long time to choose the courses they like? 74. ______ ·is strongly influenced by the Greek culture? 75. ______ ·usually has a quiet and lifeless campus on weekends? 76. ______·requires the students to have a wide range of knowledge instead of core curriculum? 77. ______ ·has some classes taught via television? 78. ______ ·offers the students more freedom to choose their courses? 79. ______ ·doesn't require all the students to live on campus? 80. ______

填空题Questions 4--8 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.

填空题·implies that work-sharing schemes have so far been unsatisfactory?

填空题　　Maintaining an imperial tradition that originated from the Zhou Dynasty( c. 1066-221 BC) ,the Ming emperors selected the location and design of their tombs while they were still alive. The selection of sites, based on the prevailing winds and the water level, ensured that only benevolent spirits were inhabiting the area. Of the 16 Ming emperors, 13 chose to be buried in this serene valley (Shisanling) just north of Beijing.{{B}}　　The Sacred Way.{{/B}} The road to the tombs, which branches off the route to the Great Wall, was once a 6.4km. (4mi.)long sacred way, forbidden to all but the emperor's funeral cottege. The road begins at a five-arched marble gate, built in 1540. A mile further down stands a three-arched gateway, the Dahongmen( Great Red Gate).　　The emperor's body was carried through the central archway. Only on this one occasion was the center door opened. Just beyond the gate sits a huge stone tortoise( symbol of longevity) with a 9.1m. (30ft.) stele mounted on its back. The stele, the largest such tablet in China, was inscribed by the fourth Ming emperor at the time of the death of his predecessor, Yong Le, in 1424. This tortoise marks the beginning of the famous Avenue of the Animals. Lions, camels, elephants, horses, and two sets of mythical ( or at least unrecognizable) beasts, 12 statues in all, line either side of the road, alternately standing and kneeling and most, these days, supporting tourists on their backs while being photo graphed.　　Beyond the animal figures stretches a series of 12 stone human statues, dating from the 15th century: four military men, four civilian officials, and four obedient retainers, all with stately postures and fixed stares—an honor guard for the dead emperor. A legend says that an emperor of the later Qing Dynasty wanted to transport the statues to line the road to his own tomb. One of the emperor's ministers was told, in a dream, that the statues were eternally loyal to the Ming emperors and therefore should not be moved. The Qing emperor took this as a warning that if the statues were disturbed, a deadly wind would blow down from the Ming Tombs upon the capital and he abandoned the project.　　{{B}}A:{{/B}} Of the 13 tombs, only two have been excavated, those of Chang( the burial name for Yong Le, 1403-24) ,and Ding (Emperor Wan Li, 1562-1620). The Chang Ling tomb is the largest and best preserved of the tombs; it served as a model for the remaining 12.　　Visitors enter through a red gate which opens toward a courtyard. From here they pass under the Gate of Eminent Favors (Lingenmen) into a second courtyard, in which stands the marble Hall of Eminent Favors ( Lingendian), surrounded by pine trees ( another ancient symbol of longevity). The roof of the hall is supported by 32 giant tree columns. Beyond this hall is a third courtyard, where the visitor will see a simple stele with the inscription Da Ming—Great Ming. This marks the passage to the sepulcher.　　{{B}}B:{{/B}} Also known as the Underground Palace, this is the first imperial tomb to have been excavated in China. The work was completed over a period of three years ( 1956-59 ). Ding ( Emperor Wan Li) was buried here in 1620 with two of his wives in a deep marble vault located four stories underground (on the hottest of summer days the vault remains mercifully cool). The entrance to the grounds is marked by a large red gate with a magnificent bronze lion. Gigantic marble doors stand at the entrance to the first of the three burial chambers. (After burial, a "locking stone", similar to the modern "police "lock, was rolled in front of the tomb itself. )Inside are three coffins. Twenty six chests of jewelry and other artifacts were discovered at the foot of the coffins, and many of these finds can be viewed in the two exhibition halls constructed above ground.The broad, tree shaded grounds surrounding the tomb are dotted with stone picnic tables and seats. Tour groups are usually provided with box lunches which may be eaten outdoors or in a" picnic room" at the foot of the Great Wall.　　{{B}}C:{{/B}}In 1978, the tomb of the Qing emperor Qian Long (1736-96), located about 100km. (62. 5mi)east of Beijing, was opened to the public.　　Known as Yu Ling, the tomb is on a grander scale and of higher artistic quality than most imperial tombs. Construction began in 1743 and cost 90 tons of silver. The wood used was the durable, fragrant, close-grained nanmu. Some logs weighed up to 20 tons.　　The tomb is, in fact, an underground palace, similar to the tomb of Ding Ling. Nevertheless, Yu Ling has distinctive architectural features. Flanking the roadway leading to the tomb are eight pairs of stone sculptures depicting civil officials, military officers, horses, qilin ( a mythical animal of good a men), elephants, camels, suanni (mythical monsters), and lions. Each figure was carved from a single stone block. The largest weighs about 43 tons.　　The underground palace contains three stone halls and four pairs of stone gates, all arched. The overhanging eaves, tile gutters, ridges, and animal-shaped ornaments on the gate corners are in white marble. Each gate weighs about two tons and contains a Bod-hisattva, each with a different mien. The inner walls and arched ceilings of the gateways and halls are decorated with four celestial guardians (also called Deva kings), seated statues of gods and Buddhas, carvings of potted flowers, and small three-legged tables to hold incense burners and Buddhist scriptures.　　The coffin of Qian Long lies in the innermost recess of the underground palace. It was placed over a well that never runs dry.

填空题{{B}} A=Chang Ling B=Ding Ling C=Emperor Qian Long's Tomb Which tomb...{{/B}} Maintaining an imperial tradition that originated from the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1066-221 BC), the Ming emperors selected the location and design of their tombs while they were still alive. The selection of sites, based on the prevailing winds and the water level, ensured that only benevolent spirits were inhabiting the area. Of the 16 Ming emperors, 13 chose to be buried in this serene valley (Shisanling) just north of Beijing. {{B}}The Sacred Way.{{/B}} The road to the tombs, which branches off the route to the Great Wall, was once a 6.4km. (4mi.) long sacred way, forbidden to all but the emperor's funeral cottege. The road begins at a five-arched marble gate, built in 1540. A mile further down stands a three-arched gateway, the Dahongmen (Great Red Gate). The emperor's body was carried through the central archway. Only on this one occasion was the center door opened. Just beyond the gate sits a huge stone tortoise (symbol of longevity) with a 9.1m. (30ft.) stele mounted on its back. The stele, the largest such tablet in China, was inscribed by the fourth Ming emperor at the time of the death of his predecessor, Yong Le, in 1424. This tortoise marks the beginning of the famous Avenue of the Animals. Lions, camels, elephants, horses, and two sets of mythical (or at least unrecognizable) beasts, 12 statues in all, line either side of the road, alternately standing and kneeling and most, these days, supporting tourists on their backs while being photographed. Beyond the animal figures stretches a series of 12 stone human statues, dating from the 15th century: four military men, four civilian officials, and four obedient retainers, all with stately postures and fixed stares—an honor guard for the dead emperor. A legend says that an emperor of the later Qing Dynasty wanted to transport the statues to line the road to his own tomb. One of the emperor's ministers was told, in a dream, that the statues were eternally loyal to the Ming emperors and therefore should not be moved. The Qing emperor took this as a warning that if the statues were disturbed, a deadly wind would blow down from the Ming Tombs upon the capital and he abandoned the project. {{B}}Chang Ling.{{/B}} Of the 13 tombs, only two have been excavated, those of Chang (the burial name for Yong Le, 1403-24), and Ding (Emperor Wan Li, 1562-1620). The Chang Ling tomb is the largest and best preserved of the tombs; it served as a model for the remaining 12. Visitors enter through a red gate which opens toward a courtyard. From here they pass under the Gate of Eminent Favors (Lingenmen) into a second courtyard, in which stands the marble Hall of Eminent Favors (Lingendian), surrounded by pine trees (another ancient symbol of longevity ). The roof of the hall is supported by 32 giant tree columns. Beyond this hall is a third courtyard, where the visitor will see a simple stele with the inscription Da Ming—Great Ming. This marks the passage to the sepulcher. {{B}}Ding Ling.{{/B}} Also known as the Underground Palace, this is the first imperial tomb to have been excavated in China. The work was completed over a period of three years (1956-59). Ding (Emperor Wan Li) was buried here in 1620 with two of his wives in a deep marble vault located four stories underground (on the hottest of summer days the vault remains mercifully cool). The entrance to the grounds is marked by a large red gate with a magnificent bronze lion. Gigantic marble doors stand at the entrance to the first of the three burial chambers. (After burial, a "locking stone", similar to the modem "police" lock, was rolled in front of the tomb itself.) Inside are three coffins. Twenty six chests of jewelry and other artifacts were discovered at the foot of the coffins, and many of these finds can be viewed in the two exhibition halls constructed above ground. The broad, tree shaded grounds surrounding the tomb are dotted with stone picnic tables and seats. Tour groups are usually provided with box lunches which may be eaten outdoors or in a "picnic room" at the foot of the Great Wall. {{B}}Emperor Qian Long's Tomb.{{/B}} In 1978, the tomb of the Qing emperor Qian Long (1736-96), located about 100km. (62.5mi) east of Beijing, was opened to the public. Known as Yu Ling, the tomb is on a grander scale and of higher artistic quality than most imperial tombs. Construction began in 1743 and cost 90 tons of silver. The wood used was the durable, fragrant, close-grained nanmu. Some logs weighed up to 20 tons. The tomb is, in fact, an underground palace, similar to the tomb of Ding Ling. Nevertheless, YuLing has distinctive architectural features. Flanking the roadway leading to the tomb are eight pairs of stone sculptures depicting civil officials, military officers, homes, qilin (a mythical animal of good omen), elephants, camels, suanni (mythical monsters), and lions. Each figure was carved from a single stone block. The largest weighs about 43 tons. The underground palace contains three stone halls and four pairs of stone gates, all arched. The overhanging eaves, tile gutters, ridges, and animal-shaped ornaments on the gate corners are in white marble. Each gate weighs about two tons and contains a Bod-hisattva, each with a different mien. The inner walls and arched ceilings of the gateways and halls are decorated with four celestial guardians (also called Deva kings), seated statues of gods and Buddhas, carvings of potted flowers, and small three-legged tables to hold incense burners and Buddhist scriptures. The coffin of Qian Long lies in the innermost recess of the underground palace. It was placed over a well that never runs dry.· was opened to the public as early as 1978? 71. ______· served as a model for the remaining 12 for its good preservation? 72. ______· is of higher artistic quality than most imperial tombs? 73. ______· is the largest tomb? 74. ______· is the first imperial tomb to have been excavated in China? 75. ______· has the inner walls and arched ceiling of its gateway and halls decorated with four celestial guardians? 76. ______· owns three coffins within it? 77. ______· holds the coffin of an emperor which was placed over a well? 78. ______· has a large red gate with a significant bronze lion which marks the entrance to the ground? 79. ______· was a huge and costly construction project which began in 1743? 80. ______

填空题A = The Imperial Palace B = The Temple of Heaven C = Potala Palace D = Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple ... · is the spiritual center of Tibet? (71) · is circular in the northern part while square in the southern part? (72) · presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture? (73) · covers a building space of 90 thousand square meters? (74) · is the oldest one among the four in the text? (75) · can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen? (76) · is a combination of architectural styles from Han, Tibetan and Nepalese? (77) · was the religious and political center of old Tibet? (78) · is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side? (79) · presents an edict signed with the Great Fifth's handprint? (80) A The Imperial Palace What strikes one first in a bird's-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years—from 1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China. Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles. The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation. B The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty (in 1420). Situated in the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuilding during the Ming, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious; the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful. It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty's Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implying "sky is round and earth is square" to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. The most important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven, The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the Seven-Star Stone and others of historic interest and scenic beauty. The Temple of Heaven is a comprehensive expression of the unique construction techniques from Ming and Qing Dynasties; it is China's most treasured ancient architecture; it is also the world's largest architectural complex for worshipping heaven. In 1998, it was included in the "list of the world heritages" by the United Nation's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. C Potala Palace In 641, after marrying Princess Wencheng, Songtsen Gampo decided to build a grand palace to accommodate her and let his descendants remember the event. However, the original palace was destroyed due to a lightening strike and succeeding warfare during Landama's reign. In the seventeenth century under the reign of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Potala was rebuilt. The Thirteenth Dalai Lama expanded it to today's scale. The monastery-like palace, reclining against and capping Red Hill, was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palace of Dalai Lamas. The palace is more than 117 meters (384 feet) in height and 360 (1,180 feet) in width, occupying a building space of 90 thousand square meters. Potala is composed of White Palace and Red Palace. The former is for secular use while the latter is for religious. The White Palace consists of offices, dormitories, a Buddhist official seminary and a printing house. From the east entrance of the palace, painted with images of Four Heavenly Kings, a broad corridor upwards leads to Deyang Shar courtyard, which used to be where Dalai Lamas watched operas. Around the large and open courtyard, there used to be a seminary and dormitories. West of the courtyard is the White Palace. There are three ladder stairs reaching inside of it, however, the central one was reserved for only Dalai Lamas and central government magistrates dispatched to Tibet. In the first hallway, there are huge murals describing the construction of Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple and the procession of Princess Wencheng reaching Tibet. On the south wall, visitors will see an edict signed with the Great Fifth's handprint. The White Palace mainly serves as the political headquarter and Dalai Lamas' living quarters. The West Chamber of Sunshine and the East Chamber of Sunshine lie as the roof of the White Palace. They belonged to the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and the Fourteenth Dalai Lama respectively. Beneath the East Chamber of Sunshine is the largest hall in the White Palace, where Dalai Lamas ascended throne and ruled Tibet. D Jokhang Temple Jokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet. Everyday pilgrims from every comer of Tibet trek a long distance to the temple. Some of them even progress prostrate by body length to the threshold of the temple. Pilgrims fuel myriad of flickering butter lamps with yak butter, or honor their deities with white scarves (Kha-btags or Hada) while murmuring sacred mantras to show their pieties to the Buddha. It lies at the center of the old Lhasa. Built in 647 by Songtsen Gampo and his two foreign wives, it has a history of more than 1,300. It was said that Nepal Princess Tritsun decided to build a temple to house the Jowo Sakyamuni aged 12 brought by Chinese Princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng reckoned according to Chinese astrology that the temple should be built on the pool where the Jokhang now locates. She contended that the pool was a witch's heart, so the temple should be built on the pool to get rid of evils. The pool still exists under the temple. Then goats were used as the main pack animals, as is the reason the city is called Lhasa. The construction took 12 months. However it was originally small and had been expanded to today's scale in later dynasties. When the Fifth Dalai Lama took reign, large-scale reconstruction and renovation had been done. The temple is a combination of Han, Tibetan and Nepalese architectural techniques. Visitors will see sphinx and other weird and sacred sculptures.

填空题 　　Culture is a paradoxical commodity. So completely is it subject to the law of exchange that it is no longer exchanged; it is so blindly consumed in use that it can no longer be used. Therefore it amalgamates with advertising.　　One could certainly live without the culture industry; therefore it necessarily creates too much satiation and apathy. In itself, it has few resources itself to correct this. Advertising is its elixir of life. But as its product never fails to reduce to a mere promise the enjoyment which it promises as a commodity, it eventually coincides with publicity, which it needs because it cannot be enjoyed.　　66. ______.　　Today, when the free market is coming to an end, those who control the system are entrenching themselves in it. It strengthens the firm bond between the consumers and the big combines. Only those who can pay the exorbitant rates charged by the advertising agencies, chief of which are the radio networks themselves; that is, only those who are already in a position to do so, or are co-opted by the decision of the banks and industrial capital, can enter the pseudo-market as sellers.　　67. ______.　　Advertising today is a negative principle, a blocking device: everything that does not bear its stamp is economically suspect. Universal publicity is in no way necessary for people to get to know the kinds of goods, whose supply is restricted anyway. It helps sales only indirectly. For a particular firm, to phase out a current advertising practice constitutes a loss of prestige, and a breach of the discipline imposed by the influential clique on its members.　　68. ______.　　But, in contrast, the nineteenth-century houses, whose architecture still shamefully indicates that they can be used as a consumption commodity and are intended to be lived in, are covered with posters and inscriptions from the ground right up to and beyond the roof until they become no more than backgrounds for bills and sign-boards.　　69. ______.　　The assembly-line character of the culture industry, the synthetic, planned method of turning out its products (factory-like not only in the studio but, more or less, in the compilation of cheap biographies, pseudo-documentary novels, and hit songs) is very suited to advertising: the important individual points, by becoming detachable, interchangeable, and even technically alienated from any connected meaning, lend themselves to ends external to the work. The effect, the trick, the isolated repeatable device, have always been used to exhibit goods for advertising purposes, and today every monster close-up of a star is an advertisement for her name, and every hit song a plug for its tune.　　70. ______.　　By the language he speaks, he makes his own contribution to culture as publicity. The more completely language is lost in the announcement, the more words are debased as substantial vehicles of meaning and become signs devoid of quality; the more purely and transparently words communicate what is intended, the more impenetrable they become.　　A. Advertising becomes art and nothing else, just as Goebbels with foresight, combines them: Fart pour 1'art, advertising for its own sake, a pure representation of social power. In the most influential American magazines, Life and Fortune, a quick glance can now scarcely distinguish advertising from editorial picture and text. The latter features an enthusiastic and gratuitous account of the great man (with illustrations of his life and grooming habits) which will bring him new fans, while the advertisement pages use so many factual photographs and details that they represent the ideal of information which the editorial part has only begun to try to achieve.　　B. In wartime, goods which are unobtainable are still advertised, merely to keep industrial power in view. Subsidizing ideological media is more important than the repetition of the name. Because the system obliges every product to use advertising, it has permeated the idiom, the "style", of the culture industry. Its victory is so complete that it is no longer evident in the key positions: the huge buildings of the top men, floodlit stone advertisements, are free of advertising; at most they exhibit on the rooftops, in monumental brilliance and without any self-glorification, the firm's initials.　　C. In a competitive society, advertising performed the social service of informing the buyer about the market; it made choice easier and helped the unknown but more efficient supplier to dispose of his goods. Far from costing time, it saved it.　　D. The more meaningless the latter seems to be under a monopoly, the more omnipotent it becomes. The motives are markedly economic.　　E. The costs of advertising, which finally flow hack into the pockets of the combines, make it unnecessary to defeat unwelcome outsiders by laborious competition. They guarantee that power will remain in the same hands - not unlike those economic decisions by which the establishment and running of undertakings is controlled in a totalitarian state.　　F. Advertising and the culture industry merge technically as well as economically. In both cases the same thing can be seen in innumerable places, and the mechanical repetition of the same culture product has come to be the same as that of the propaganda slogan. In both cases the insistent demand for effectiveness makes technology into psycho-technology, into a procedure for manipulating men.

填空题For the first time, scientists have profiled specific genetic changes during the aging of experimental animals, a discovery that could aid work to extend life span and preserve health. The study, conducted with mice at the University of Wisconsin, combines a powerful new genetic technique with dietary restriction, the only known way to delay the aging process. 66. ______ Moreover, it reveals how a low-calorie diet, the only known method of slowing aging in several animal species, works at the most basic level to extend life span and preserve health. Such knowledge, used in concert with new technologies capable of rapidly surveying the activity of thousands of genes at once, premises to accelerate the development of drugs that mimic the age-retarding effects of a low-calorie diet, according to the Wisconsin scientists. The Wisconsin team, led by Tomas A Prolla, a UW-Madison professor of genetics, and Richard Weindruch, a UW-Madison professor of medicine, profiled the action of 6,347 genes. The team charted changes in genetic activity in two groups of mice, one group on a standard diet and another group whose diet had been reduced to 76 percent of the standard diet. 67. ______ "At the molecular level, normal aging looks like a state of chronic injury. "said Prolla. However, in a big step forward in understanding how a reduced-calorie diet works to dramatically slow the physical manifestations of aging, many of the same genes that exhibited changes in activity with aging in mice on a standard diet remained almost completely intact in mice on a reduced diet. "This is a leap in our understanding of how caloric restriction works, "said Weindruch, a leading authority in the field of diet and aging. "There hasn't been much consensus on how caloric restriction retards aging. " 68. ______ The new study, Weindruch said, tends to support the idea that caloric restriction works by slowing metabolism, the chemical processes by which living organisms and cells convert food to energy. "Taken as a whole, our results provide evidence that during aging there is an induction of a stress response as a result of damaged proteins and other macromolecules, " the Wisconsin scientists write in Science. "This response ensues as the systems required for the turnover of such molecules decline, perhaps as a result of an energetic deficit in the cell. " 70. ______ The new study, according to Weindmch, is important not only because it provides a genetic map of aging, but because it shows the potential of harnessing gene chip technology to screen for the effects of drugs on the process of growing old. "It gives us a molecular test to see if an agent can affect the rate of aging, "said Weindmch. "There are lots of implications. If we can understand the molecular mechanisms, we could perhaps develop drugs that mimic the effects of caloric restriction. " A. The research is published today in Science. The study is a milestone in aging research, providing scientists with an intimate look at the ebb and flow of genetic activity with age, and the roles individual genes play in the process of growing old. B. In the process of metabolism, some toxic byproducts are produced, damaging proteins and triggering a stress response that acts to repair damaged molecules and that seems to be governed by a few select genes. But with age, the body's ability to repair damaged proteins declines, possibly as a result of shrinking cellular energy levels. C. Over many years, studies of several animal species have consistently shown that reduced diets 25 to 30 percent less than a typical diet-retard aging, extend life span and improve overall health in old age. D. "This study has analyzed more genes with regard to aging than all previous studies combined, "Prolla said of the study that surveyed 5 to 10 percent of the mouse genome using a "gene chip"--a small glass plate containing DNA that, when read with a laser, quickly reveals activity levels for thousands of individual genes. The Wisconsin group found that, with age, the activity of a very small number of genes--less than 2 percent of those surveyed--changed markedly. But those genes govern critical biological tasks such as stress responses, protein repair and energy production, and they changed in big ways. E. The Wisconsin group plans to extend its studies to monkeys and humans. UW-Madison, at its Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, is the site of a decade-old study of rhesus macaques on a reduced-calorie diet. F. Prolla and Weindmch have filed for a patent covering the use of gene chip technology in aging research through the Wisconsin Alumni Re-search Foundation.

填空题WheredidPollybringhispetdogto?

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填空题A Caesars Palace Hotel Casino: This is one of the older grand hotel casinos in the heart of the strip, and it remains one of the most spectacular. It is decorated in an Imperial Roman theme with 3,348 rooms on 29 floors. The 1,000 seat Circus Maximus theater presents major entertainment events, the Omnimax theater features film spectacles, Cleopatra's Barge has dancing and Ceaser's Magical Kingdom presents a magical experience. The property's other amenities include the new Qua Baths and Spa, a luxurious retreat with an array of unique treatments and services, including Roman Baths. The Garden of the Gods Pool Oasis features four pools and two whirlpools. The 129,000-square-foot casino offers slot machines, table games, poker, keno, and a race and sports book. The Coliseum at Caesars Palace is a 4,000-seat stadium is now home to Bette Midler starting February 2008, Elton John's The Red Piano, and other events. Two onsite shopping venues hold more than 120 stores. The property also features a wedding chapel, a beauty salon, 24-hour room service, tour assistance, golfing arrangements, dry cleaning and laundry services, and a business center.B Circus Circus Hotel Casino: Circus Circus is one of the older hotel casinos located along the northern end of the Strip. In the Big Top, circus performances are held all day long every day. There is a large midway with carnival games for children and a huge computer gaming room with rides and other entertainment activities for children of all ages. The adult casino features low-stakes games and old-time slot machines. The Adventuredome, America's largest--and the Strip's only--indoor theme park features the world's only indoor double-loop, double-corkscrew roller coaster, an IMAX Ridefilm unitizing state-of-the-art motion-simulator technology, and scores of other exciting rides. The world's largest buffet is just one of the dining options on site; others are the family-style pizzeria, snack bar, and award-winning steakhouse. A wedding chapel, three outdoor swimming pools, and a shopping area round out the hotel's offerings. Each of the 3,700 rooms has air-conditioning, cable TV, pay-per-view, telephones, hairdryers, and video check-out. Non-smoking and handicap-accessible units are available on request. The Circus Circus Manor Motor Lodge, the two-star area of Circus Circus, is made up of five three-story buildings approximately a half-block behind the main casino with easy access to all main buildings, and an enclosed, moving walkway, and convenient parking.C Mandalay Bay Hotel Casino: The 60-acre Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino features a large pool area with a wave pool, an aquarium, and a casino. Located on the Las Vegas Strip, a complimentary monorail connects the hotel to the Luxor and Excalibur. This is one of the new hotel casinos, famous for its exotic tropical island theme. It has 3,700 rooms, 13 restaurants and snack bars, a huge spa, two wedding chapels and a shopping mall. It has a 12,000-seat events center that features major entertainments, a smaller House of Blues that features famous jazz and blues musicians and a theater that features Broadway type shows. Newly renovated Deluxe Rooms are the perfect blend of comfort and style, feature an extended living area, floor to ceiling windows, pillow top mattress, 42 inch plasma TV, iPodcompatible alarm clock/radio, his and her closets, desk area with wireless internet, mini bar, cordless phone.D MGM Grand Hotel Casino: This grand-scale hotel casino is located at the south end of the Strip across the boulevard from New York, New York. It is based on the theme of a large Hollywood movie studio. The hotel has 5,005 rooms, an amusement park, 16 restaurants, a fast food court and a small shopping mall. It has 3 outdoor stages, two large indoor theaters, a 16,325-seat auditorium plus a large dance club. The theaters feature major entertainers, rising comedy performers, and featured shows. The auditorium hosts many major sports events and performances by superstars. The MGM Grand Hotel and Casino embodies the spirit of Vegas, complete with posh accommodations, invigorating live shows and nightlife, front-door access to the Strip, and services that are more than enough for even the most pampered celebrity. The Grand Garden Arena hosts world class-boxing events and concert tours by the hottest headline performers. Current shows include the acrobatic spectacle KA by Cirque du Soleil. MGM Grand's Crazy Horse Paris celebrates beautiful women and the artistry of the nude. The 740-seat Hollywood Theatre features top-tier performers in a more intimate setting.The resort also features a Lion Habitat with big cats decended from Leo, the original MGM lion. The casino offers table games, slot machines, poker, and a race and sports book.·has the largest number of rooms among the four hotel casinos? 71. ______·features golfing arrangements? 72. ______·is home to America's largest indoor theme park? 73. ______·has a tropical theme? 74. ______·hosts sport events? 75. ______·caters to families with children? 76. ______·hosts magical performances? 77. ______·has free connecting monorail to its neighbours? 78. ______·has the world's largest buffet? 79. ______·features large windows in its Deluxe rooms? 80. ______

填空题 The United Nations has reported that{{U}} (31) {{/U}}progress is being made in the fight{{U}} (32) {{/U}}malaria in Africa. The UNICEF website says the area that is{{U}} (33) {{/U}}the most dramatic improvement is sub- Saharan Africa. This is the region hardest hit by the{{U}} (34) {{/U}}One of the biggest reasons for these gains against the killer infection is the increased use of special insect nets. This{{U}} (35) {{/U}}solution can reduce child deaths by as much as 20 percent. The{{U}} (36) {{/U}}says the number of children using the insecticide- treated{{U}} (37) {{/U}}has tripled since 2000. According to UNICEF's Executive Director Ann Veneman, controlling malaria is vital{{U}} (38) {{/U}}improving child health and economic{{U}} (39) {{/U}}in affected countries. Studies show that malaria unfairly affects the poorest people in these countries, and contributes to their poorer{{U}} (40) {{/U}}conditions. UNICEF prepared the{{U}} (41) {{/U}}together with the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. This organisation is a collaboration of aid agencies launched in 1998 to{{U}} (42) {{/U}}fight malaria. Its vision is that{{U}} (43) {{/U}}2015, malaria "is no longer a major{{U}} (44) {{/U}}of mortality and no longer a barrier{{U}} (45) {{/U}}social and economic development". The report{{U}} (46) {{/U}}provides a healthy picture of the use of drugs in{{U}} (47) {{/U}}the number of malaria cases. Since 2003, national health programmes have{{U}} (48) {{/U}}heavily in buying anti-malarial drugs called ACTs. UNICEF's health chief Pater Salama is{{U}} (49) {{/U}}and says the future looks bright. He reports: "With the strong backing of some of the international donors and the{{U}} (50) {{/U}}of ACTs starting to be reduced, I think governments are becoming more confident now that this will be a sustainable strategy for anti-malaria treatment."

填空题·gives the most space for tall passengers in the back?

填空题Our Greatest Possession Man is called in Greek the Zoon phonanta which means the(1) ______. What (1) ______makes humanity different from the rest of the animal world is its capacity for(2) ______ (2) ______a system of sound signals. Human beings tend to use speech not for conveying messagesor expressing feelings but merely for establishing and sustaining(3) ______ (3) ______ The(4) ______of language is essentially a part of the modernization of language. (4) ______Modern English is grammatically much simpler than its ancestor Anglo-Saxon, and Italianand Spanish are much simpler than their mother(5) ______ (5) ______ All of us say things we never said before, and without much(6) ______effort; we (6) ______are always inventing new things to say. That is file great human talent, which is based ona very simple peculiarity of the human brain--its capacity to think in(7) ______. Man (7) ______is able to separate specific sounds and oppose one to another. Although we are quite(8) ______of the origins of human language, we know that (8) ______when language first appeared, it was already fully(9) ______. The system of symbols (9) ______of the outside world was the(10) ______to the creation of inside worlds. Language is (10) _____our greatest possession.Please move on to Section B Interview.

填空题is the largest city.

填空题 From her vantage point she watched the main doom swing open and the first arrivals pour in. Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and announce loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank."66. ______ It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all. Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I'm in no hurry. There's something I'd like you to explain." Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them. Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, "Use more desks for new accounts and take all the staff you can spree to man them."67. ______ Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can't possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely." "I've got an idea," Edwina said, "that's what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can."68. ______ First, an application form called for details of residence, employment, social security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued. Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a sum of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely.69. ______ Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away. Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted hack. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to conduct the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.70. ______ She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a failed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door. A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time. B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed, Edwina thought, as if all who were hem had been briefed to be on best behavior. C. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts." The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk—a young girl—sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn. D. Even leaning closer to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise. E. Even tripling the present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts to be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever. F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina hoped to know who had done it.

填空题The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services. The second (31) is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the (32) . The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products. They also try to persuade customers to buy the (33) by creating a desire (34) it. Because of advertisement, consumers think that they want something that they do not need. After buying something, the purchaser cannot always explain why it was (35) . Even (36) the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something, the manufactures (37) . Manufacturers have analyzed the business of (38) and buying. They know all the different motives that influence a consumer's purchase - some rational and (39) emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of this (40) . Why (41) so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store management has some good (42) . By the time the customer is (43) to pay for a purchase, he or she has already made rational, thought - out decisions (44) what he or she needs and wants to buy. The (45) feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point. The (46) of candy, chewing gum, and magazines are very attractive. They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional, not (47) motives. For example, the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to pay money, he or she may suddenly decide to buy (48) . This is exactly (49) the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will (50) . The customer follows their plan.