问答题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic "On Developing Tourism". You should write coherently and neatly in at least 160 words and base your composition on the outline below. 1) The situation nowadays. 2) The advantages of developing tourism. 3)The disadvantages of developing tourism. 4) My point of view.

问答题Directions: Your school has enough money to purchase either computers for students or books for the library. Which should your school choose to buy—computers or books? Write an essay of 160～200 words on this topic and make your points of view clear. In your essay, you should 1. State your opinion; 2. Give your reasons.

问答题Nowadays many people think that sport stars are attracting too much public attention and earning too much money. Write an essay on the topic "Sport Stars Attract Much Public Attention". Your essay should include positive points. You should write 160--200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

问答题1)该图是2010年3月～11月SNS(社交网络服务)类网站月度有效浏览时间变化：2)描述变化；3)说明原因。

问答题 1 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 2 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 3 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy". 4 Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 5 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

问答题你知道中国最有名的人是谁? 提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。他姓差，名不多，是各省各县各村人氏。你一定见过他，一定听过别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头，因为他是中国全国人的代表。 差不多先生的相貌和你我都差不多。他有一双眼睛，但看的不很清楚；有两只耳朵，但听的不很分明；有鼻子和嘴，但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑子也不小，但他的记性却不很精明，他的思想也不很细密。 他常常说：“凡事只要差不多，就好了。何必太精明呢?” 他小的时候，他妈叫他去买红糖，他买了白糖回来。他妈骂他，他摇摇头说：“红糖白糖不是差不多吗?”

问答题"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct— the word's meaning has never been clear.61) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person who has high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and use verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to — it was not designed for such purposes . 62) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.　　The other thing we should notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.　　63) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one's best, the knowledge required for understanding what you must do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 64)The first two must be equal for all who axe being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school opulations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. Nobody is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require" general intelligence” .65)On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

问答题The Reader has long been the black sheep of the EFL (English as Foreign Language) classroom. 61) Teachers either ignore Readers, or neglect and abuse them, failing to recognize their learning potential. The reason for this can no longer be laid at the door of the publishers. Nowadays, a vast range of material is produced suitable for all interests, age ranges, and ability levels. It is more probably the attitude of the teacher, and thus, the student, which is responsible. Are any of the following close to your own attitude, or familiar to you from conversations with colleagues? Readers are an expensive luxury. The school cannot afford them. Other things must come first. I am trying to get through a fairly dense syllabus to equip my students, ultimately, for examinations; I cannot spare the time for frills. Reading for pleasure is a private and personal thing. I cannot see how this can be used in the EFL classroom. 62)I understand that extensive reading for pleasure can only improve language, but I have no way of checking that learning has taken place other than comprehension questions. These activities reduce the pleasure. 63)The above are explanations, excuses, reasons and justifications from teachers talking about the scant use of Readers in the classroom. Their comments illustrate three views prevalent at present. First, those teachers feel that time spared for Readers will in some way deprive their students of certain key language skills and abilities. Second, those teachers are fostering or even pandering to students' reluctance to read for pleasure. 64)Finally, those teachers are unaware of how to use and exploit Readers in their classrooms and, there- fore, provide a limited range of activities, Which, in turn, limits the responses of their students. 65)If teachers take Readers into classroom with any one, ore combination of the above attitudes, this will be imparted to the students who will then also believe that Readers are preventing them from doing something more important and are a waste of valuable learning time. They read only to enable them to answer a comprehension task. It is up to the teacher to convince the reluctant students that reading, either extensive or intensive, is pleasurable. Only one of many ways of obtaining pleasure is to be able to answer the teachers' comprehension check questions the following day. The world of reading will remain, and still be as inaccessible as ever to the students.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The people from the Mars cannot understand why the people on the Earth should crowd themselves in cities. You are invited to write an article to tell three advantages of city life. They are: 1) The city provides people with a background to learn and study; 2) It provides people with a stage to demonstrate their capability and; 3) It is a place where one seldom feels dull. You should write 160 -200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (61) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (62) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (63) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, (64) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments. (65) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

问答题some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plan at all for their free time. There is a discussion in the local newspaper on this issue: Which do you prefer — planning or not planning for your leisure time? Write an essay for the same newspaper to (1)compare the benefits of planning free time activities with the benefits of not making plans, (2)state your own choice, and (3)give reasons. for your choice. In your essay, you should use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. You should write 160～200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. A consumer walks into a store. He stands in front of hundreds of boxes of laundry detergent. He chooses one brand, pays for it, and leaves. Why does he pick that specific kind of soap? Is it truly better than the others? Probably not. These days, many products are nearly identical to each other in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one brand instead of another? 61. {{U}}Although we might not like to admit it, commercials on television and advertisements in magazines probably influence us much more than we think they do.{{/U}} Advertising informs consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us information about everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and cars. But there is one serious problem with this. The "information" is actually very often "misinformation." It tells us the products' benefits but hides their disadvantages. 62. {{U}}Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we don' t need and can' t afford, but it also confuses our sense of reality.{{/U}} "Zoom toothpaste prevents cavities and gives you white teeth!" the advertisement tells us, but it doesn' t tell us the complete truth: that a healthy diet and a good toothbrush will have the same effect. Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. Advertisements show us who we aren' t and what we don' t have. Our teeth aren' t white enough. Our hair isn' t shiny enough. Our clothes aren' t clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won' t like us if we don' t use the advertised products. "Why don' t I have any dates?" a good-looking girl sadly asks in a commercial. "Here, "replies her roommate, "try Zoom tooth paste!" Of course she tries it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her. "That' s a stupid commercial," we might say. But we still buy Zoom toothpaste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends. 63. {{U}}If fear is the negative motive for buying a product, then wanting a good self-image is the positive reason for choosing it.{{/U}} Each of us has mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong attractive athlete, Advertisers know this. They write specific ads to make certain group of people choose their product. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; each person believes that he is expressing his personality by choosing that brand. Advertisers get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image. They also inform them about recent studies with colors and words. 64. {{U}}Psychologists have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors.{{/U}} Also, certain words attract our attention. For example, the words "new", "improved", "natural", and "giant size" are very popular and seem to pull our eyes and hands toward the package. Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They know that there is freedom to choose, and they probably don' t realize the powerful effect of advertising. 65. {{U}}They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive competition for our money, and they are extremely successful.{{/U}} Do you believe that ads don' t influence your choice of products? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.

问答题 The greatest impact on the family over the last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have affected not only her life but also that of her husband and children 61){{U}}The family has changed from an economically, defined unit under the authority of the father and having minimal interpersonal emotional ties to a unit with strong emotional ties directed primarily by the mother to her husband and children.{{/U}} One important result was greater emotional and general psychological seclusion of the woman which clearly implied that the female role was culturally a secondary one. In recant decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable. For many the family is of diminishing importance. The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change. Today, over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940. This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman. The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mld-1970s. 62){{U}}Child bearing is being postponed, so that compared to the 1960s, 10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two .years immediately following, marriage{{/U}}. Furthermore, more women today remain childless. Work, older age at marriage, and fewer children are the basic changes that have taken place-in women's roles in recent years. The trend among women is toward increased education, and this is linked to other role changes. 63){{U}}The higher a woman's educational attainment, the more likely she is to work, to staff in the labor force longer, and to have more job opportunities available to her{{/U}}. This further suggests that when women axe married their work has a great impact on their marriages. For example, since working wives contribute 25 to 40 percent of their total family income, their position as decision-makers in the family is usually strengthened. 64){{U}}Weitz points out that the social trends towards increased education for women mean not only mort work experience but also delayed marriage and decreased fertility{{/U}}. These changes, in turn, point the way toward even greater labor force participation throughout the life cycle. The number of women entering the work force is rapidly increasing. Women outnumber men in the total population by about 7 million. 65){{U}}When that is added to the fact that labor force participation of males is slowly declining because of the trend toward earlier retirement, "it may not be too long before one out of every two American workers is a woman. "{{/U}}