填空题 It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn' t see why I shouldn' t write my letters by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. "She's gone to the market," Gertha said. "She' 11 be back in half an hour." {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} "I shall tell Frau Chef," she said. Something in her manner made me ask, "Has this ever happened before.'?" "Once or twice this year," she said. "I' 11 speak to Frau Chef." And she added, with her music-hall grimace, "He was probably counting your eyelashes." {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Stroh rested his arms now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Frau Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our side approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr Stroh continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} "Did she telephone to his house?" "No, Frau Chef doesn't use the phone; it mixes her up." "Who protested, then?" "Frau Chef." "But she hasn't been across to see him. I' ve been watching the house." "No, Frau Chef doesn't visit with him. But don't worry, he knows all right that he mustn't annoy our guests." When I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh' s room had been pulled down, and so it remained for the rest of my stay. Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter. On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch's splendid bedroom. I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two car-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out, shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty. A. I didn' t want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but I was curious as to what held him staring so trancelike up at our roof. On my way back from the postbox I saw what it was. B. I caught sight of a tiled stove constructed of mosaic tiles that were not a local type. I also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock; each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gildedbronze alloy which is known as ormolu. The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings. C. I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window. He was facing me squarely and holding to his eyes a pair of field-glasses. D. I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat in position, the field-glasses in his hands resting on his knees. As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes. I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand. E. Just then Gertha knocked at my door. "Frau Chef has protested, and you won't have any more trouble," she said. F. So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.

填空题·is of special value for perfume making because of its fragrance?

填空题results in "Acid rain"?

填空题Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it seem to you that (31) have better vocabularies than boys? (32) your opinion, are boys better at building thins? If your answer to each of those questions is "Yes", you (33) right, according to an article in Current Science. There are exceptions, but here are the facts. On the (34) , males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. (35) show superior ability in tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory. But these (36) will probably not always exist. In the future, a person's abilities may not be determined (37) sex. As one scientist (38) "Nothing is impossible for a person to be or do. " In several recent studies, young babies have been observed and tested to discover (39) different abilities are developed. A scientific team headed by Jerome Kagan, a psychologist at Harvard University, is studying the thinking ability of children 11.5 months (40) . The test is a simple one. The (41) , while seated on it mother's lap, watches a "show" on a small theater stage. In Act One of the show, an orange-colored block is lifted from blue box and moved slowly across the stage. Then (42) is returned to the box. This is repeated six times. Act (43) is similar, except that the orange block is smaller. Baby boys do not seem to notice the difference in the size of the block, but girls immediately become excited and begin to make noises that sound (44) language. They seem to be trying to talk. It is (45) that bones, muscles, and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Usually, too, baby girls talk (46) an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason (47) this. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys. And it is this side of the (48) that strongly influences an individual's ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things. By the time they start to school, therefore, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have. Girls are physically more ready to (49) facts, to spell, and to read. These, of course, are (50) that are important in elementary school.

填空题·had a song writer Woodie Guthrie?

填空题The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways (31) both natural and political scientists. First of all, he always employed the scientific method of (32) truth from facts. He firmly believed, (33) he put it, that "there is nothing incomprehensible (34) the universe", and through painstaking work explained many of the phenomena thought to be "incomprehensible" in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to (35) mistakes when facts (36) his theories wrong. Second, Einstein's contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. (37) he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led (38) many of the scientific advances (39) have shaped modern technology. Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must (40) a moral and social consciousness. (41) this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communist movement. Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings (42) a "Genius" whose theories are (43) complicated that no one (44) a few best scientists can understand them. But he (45) rejected the efforts to (46) him in a position far (47) other people. He was well-known for his (48) manner and often stressed to interviews that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived. Actually, Einstein's (49) of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein's theories, his overall attitude (50) science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.

填空题 As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-A-vesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. 66. ______. He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society. Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably-stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples. 67. ______. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her. Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past. 68. ______. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer's scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces ( magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science). The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith's work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance. 69. ______. This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth. Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves. 70. ______. A. German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India-- the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language--reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena: B. The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jan Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that ail myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society. C. Austrian psycho-analyst Sigmund Freud held that myths--like dreams--condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols. D. This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages. E. The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths ( instead of fabular, meaning "fable" ) to refer to the tales of heroes and gods. F. German scholar Karl Offried Muller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825.

填空题A = Hydro power B = Nuclear power C = Solar power D = Wind power Which power (power"s)... · was developed to provide electricity for satellites at the beginning? 1 · can promote tourism development? 2 · may give off dangerous radioactive pollution into the air? 3 · may affect the downstream water quality and have an impact on plant life? 4 · stations can increase to full power very quickly? 5 · produces small amounts of waste? 6 · is a good method of supplying energy to remote areas? 7 · provides around 20% of the world"s electricity? 8 · can be used to heat your water at home instead of so much gas or electricity? 9 · is not renewable? 10 A Hydro power Introduction We have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind corn. The first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectricity was Cragside House, in Northumberland, England, in 1878. In 1882 on the Fox River, in the USA, hydroelectricity produced enough power to light two paper mills and a house. Nowadays there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world"s electricity. The name comes from "hydro", the Greek word for water. How it works A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake. Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators. Advantages Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free. No waste or pollution produced. Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power. Water can be stored above the darn ready to cope with peaks in demand. Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly, unlike other power stations. Disadvantages The dams are very expensive to build. Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream, causing problems for animals that used to live there. Finding a suitable site can be difficult—the impact on residents and the environment may be unacceptable. Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life. Is it renewable? Hydro-electric power is renewable. The Sun provides the water by evaporation from the sea, and will keep on doing so. B Nuclear power Introduction Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. The first large-scale nuclear power station opened at Calder Hall in Cambria, England, in 1956. Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plants for engines. How it works Nuclear power stations work in pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead. The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission. Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat. Carbon dioxide gas is pumped through the reactor to take the heat away, and the hot gas then heats water to make steam. Advantages Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it"s not expensive to make. Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Produces small amounts of waste. Disadvantages Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety. Is it renewable? Nuclear energy from Uranium is not renewable. Once we"ve dug up all the Earth"s uranium and used it, there isn"t any more. C Solar power Introduction We"ve used the Sun for drying clothes and food for thousands of years, but only recently have we been able to use it for generating power. The Sun is 150 million kilometers away, and amazingly powerful. Just the tiny fraction of the Sun"s energy that hits the Earth ( around a hundredth of a millionth of a percent) is enough to meet all our power needs many times over. How it works There are three main ways that we use the Sun"s energy : Solar Cells (really called "photovoltaic" or "photoelectric" cells) that convert light directly into electricity. In a sunny climate, you can get enough power to run a 100W light bulb from just one square meter of solar panel. This was originally developed in order to provide electricity for satellites, but these days many of us own calculators powered by solar cells. Solar water heating, where heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on your roof. This means you don"t need to use so much gas or electricity to heat your water at home. Solar Furnaces use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Sun"s energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures. Advantages Solar energy is free—it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place. Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers. Disadvantages Doesn"t work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations. Solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they"ll produce in their lifetime. Can be unreliable unless you"re in a very sunny climate. Is it renewable? Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it. D Wind power Introduction We"ve used the wind as an energy source for a long time. The Babylonians and Chinese were using wind power to pump water for irrigating crops 4,000 years ago, and sailing boats were around long before that. Wind power was used in the Middle Ages, in Europe, to grind corn, which is where the term "windmill" comes from. How it works The Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others. These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them—and we feel a wind blowing. We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propeller on the top. The wind blows the propeller round, which turns a generator to produce electricity. The more towers, the more wind, and the larger the propellers, the more electricity we can make. Advantages Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. Produces no waste or greenhouse gases. The land beneath can usually still be used for farming. Wind farms can be tourist attractions. A good method of supplying energy to remote areas. Disadvantages The wind is not always predictable—some days have no wind. Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive. Can kill birds—migrating flocks tend to like strong winds. Can affect television reception if you live nearby. Is it renewable? Wind power is renewable. Winds will keep on blowing; it makes sense to use them

填空题Inside a small chamber at a Kent State University laboratory, hamsters sleep, eat, play and rest while fluid flows in and out of tubes threaded through their tiny brains. It took biology professor J. David Glass two years to set up the finicky dialysis system, which measures a key neurotransmitter in the biological clocks of these nocturnal rodents. His payoff came in 1996, when he became the first researcher to measure serotonin levels rising and falling in the biological clock area of the brain during an animal's daily cycle. Serotonin is the "feel good" chemical manipulated by widely prescribed drugs such as Prozac. 66. ______ Glass's research and that of others could have implications for the millions of people who take common anti-depressants and other drugs that affect serotonin in the brain. It has long been known that the substance is a key player in the biological clock, and that the region has an unusually high concentration of receptors for the neurotransmitter. 67. ______ Like other animals and even plants, humans have built-in clocks that regulate internal functions on a 24-hour basis. For most mammals, the clocks trigger sleep and waking, as well as metabolism, hormone levels, body temperature and many other changes. 68. ______ Sitting on top of the optic nerve, the clock is heavily influenced by light. But other factors, too, are involved in resetting the mechanism, most notably physical activity and substances like serotonin. Glass and his students found that, when lights in the hamster chamber were switched off, the serotonin levels in the rodents' clock region shot up: hamsters are nocturnal, meaning they rest during the day and are awake at night. But when hamsters in the midst of their sleep cycle were put onto an activity wheel, a significant rise in serotonin levels was measured in those hamsters that woke up enough to exercise. It has long been known that serotonin is key to body clock function, according to Thomas Wehr, a scientist at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Researchers at the Maryland Institute took cells from the clock region of the brain, sprinkled serotonin on them and, by monitoring electrical impulses, watched the cells "reset" themselves. 69. ______ Studies have found that serotonin affects the clock in different ways, depending on the point in the cell's daily cycle that it is administered. Glass recently completed an experiment using marmosets, small monkeys native to Central and South America. Researchers moved a sleeping marmoset to another cage, then monitored it as it scurried around its new environment. After this burst of activity, the marmoset shifted its cycles forward or backward a few hours, and they remained shifted, apparently indefinitely. Cycles were pushed back when the disruption occurred early in the sleep period; they shifted forward when the disruption occurred late in the cycle. 70. ______ A. According to Glass, the experiment demonstrates what scientists have known anecdotally for a long time: that exercise, when performed at certain times, shifts our clocks. Exercise has long been recommended to speed recovery from jet lag, for example. That may be because exercise boosts serotonin. Glass found he could mimic the effect of the arousal experiment by injecting a serotonin like drug and believes the findings suggest something similar could be expected in people. "We're getting closer and closer to making the link that humans can adjust their circadian clock through natural means such as exercise," Glass says. B. "There are certain drugs used with humans that have also been squirted on these cells in dishes and have been shown to reset the clock in the dish, so it seems quite possible there are similar effects in humans who take these drugs. " Wehr says. Indeed, some people taking anti-depressants do report sleep disorders such as insomnia or daytime drowsiness that could be related to changes in their biological clocks. Human studies have yet to focus on the issue. C. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man's biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25-hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. D. Glass's work is part of the fast-growing field of circadian (or daily) rhythm research focused on a region at the base of the brain, the size of a corn kernel, that scientists discovered 25 years ago is the body's timing mechanism. E. Meanwhile, in a larger chamber down the hall, Glass is monitoring tropical monkeys. He has found that exercise and arousal from sleep have major impacts on the biological rhythms of the monkeys, permanently shifting their clocks in the absence of normal daylight and darkness cues. F. This is a particularly exciting time for circadian-rhythm researchers. In recent times, scientists at universities in Illinois, Texas and Japan have found genes involved with the clock, including one that appears to be a basic building block of the mechanism and is common across all species, from fruit flies to humans. Meanwhile, researchers like Glass, whose work has attracted US $1.2 million (9.6 million RMB. in grants from the National Institute of Health, are trying to understand how the clock works.

填空题Aging baby boomers are determined to fight the aging process. They spend millions of dollars a year on 1 they perceive as the best anti-aging products 2 can buy. They are being very short-sighted 3 their quest for youth. Just 4 a well-maintained car eventually breaks 5 , our bodies 6 the same. Aging is a chronic and ongoing condition we all face. Successful aging requires planning. The baby boomer generation has made 7 loud and clear that they want to remain in their homes and communities 8 they age. Yet they 9 the most important factor that will help them achieve the goal 10 age successfully at home. The home environment most boomers reside in was built for the young family. A young body 11 run the stairs, stand at the sink and get on a stool to 12 things. These are activities that become difficult or even 13 for some as they age. Falls are the number one robber of independence of the aging body. Yes, all the exercise and good nutrition cannot 14 one from falling and breaking a bone. Eventually the body slows down and 15 mobile can be an issue. It becomes hard to get into the bathroom. Many aging seniors stop taking baths because of a 16 of falling. No matter how hard we want to stay young or our bodies 17 maintain a youthful appearance, eventually we will slow down. So what is the best investment for successful aging at home? It is simple. Adjust your present living environment to meet the needs of your aging body. Many aging seniors 18 up in nursing homes or assisted living 19 their home environment could not 20 their needs.