填空题results in "Acid rain"?

填空题·is of special value for perfume making because of its fragrance?

填空题Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it seem to you that (31) have better vocabularies than boys? (32) your opinion, are boys better at building thins? If your answer to each of those questions is "Yes", you (33) right, according to an article in Current Science. There are exceptions, but here are the facts. On the (34) , males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. (35) show superior ability in tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory. But these (36) will probably not always exist. In the future, a person's abilities may not be determined (37) sex. As one scientist (38) "Nothing is impossible for a person to be or do. " In several recent studies, young babies have been observed and tested to discover (39) different abilities are developed. A scientific team headed by Jerome Kagan, a psychologist at Harvard University, is studying the thinking ability of children 11.5 months (40) . The test is a simple one. The (41) , while seated on it mother's lap, watches a "show" on a small theater stage. In Act One of the show, an orange-colored block is lifted from blue box and moved slowly across the stage. Then (42) is returned to the box. This is repeated six times. Act (43) is similar, except that the orange block is smaller. Baby boys do not seem to notice the difference in the size of the block, but girls immediately become excited and begin to make noises that sound (44) language. They seem to be trying to talk. It is (45) that bones, muscles, and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Usually, too, baby girls talk (46) an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason (47) this. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys. And it is this side of the (48) that strongly influences an individual's ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things. By the time they start to school, therefore, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have. Girls are physically more ready to (49) facts, to spell, and to read. These, of course, are (50) that are important in elementary school.

填空题 It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly upon me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn' t see why I shouldn' t write my letters by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and released the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. "She's gone to the market," Gertha said. "She' 11 be back in half an hour." {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} "I shall tell Frau Chef," she said. Something in her manner made me ask, "Has this ever happened before.'?" "Once or twice this year," she said. "I' 11 speak to Frau Chef." And she added, with her music-hall grimace, "He was probably counting your eyelashes." {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Stroh rested his arms now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Frau Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our side approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr Stroh continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} "Did she telephone to his house?" "No, Frau Chef doesn't use the phone; it mixes her up." "Who protested, then?" "Frau Chef." "But she hasn't been across to see him. I' ve been watching the house." "No, Frau Chef doesn't visit with him. But don't worry, he knows all right that he mustn't annoy our guests." When I looked out of the window again, I saw that the blind of Herr Stroh' s room had been pulled down, and so it remained for the rest of my stay. Meantime, I went out to post my letters in the box opposite our hotel, across the path. The sun had come out more strongly, and Herr Stroh stood in his doorway blinking up at the roof of the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. He was engrossed, he did not notice me at all. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Like most of the roofs in that province, the Lublonitsch roof had a railed ledge running several inches above the eaves, for the purpose of preventing the snow from falling in heavy thumps during the winter. On this ledge, just below an attic window, stood the gold-and-rose ormolu clock that I had seen in Frau Lublonitsch's splendid bedroom. I turned the corner just as Herr Stroh gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent. Two car-loads of people who had moved into the hotel that morning were now moving out, shifting their baggage with speed and the signs of a glad departure. I know that his house was nearly empty. A. I didn' t want to draw his attention by following the line of his gaze but I was curious as to what held him staring so trancelike up at our roof. On my way back from the postbox I saw what it was. B. I caught sight of a tiled stove constructed of mosaic tiles that were not a local type. I also noticed, standing upon the cabinet, a large ornamental clock; each curve and twirl in the case of this clock was overlaid with that gildedbronze alloy which is known as ormolu. The clock twinkled in the sunlight which slanted between the window hangings. C. I looked up a few moments later, and this time Herr Stroh was seated on a chair a little way back from the window. He was facing me squarely and holding to his eyes a pair of field-glasses. D. I returned to my room. Herr Stroh still sat in position, the field-glasses in his hands resting on his knees. As soon as I came within view, he raised the glasses to his eyes. I decided to stare him out until such time as Frau Lublonitsch should return and take the matter in hand. E. Just then Gertha knocked at my door. "Frau Chef has protested, and you won't have any more trouble," she said. F. So I lodged my complaint with Gertha.

填空题The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways (31) both natural and political scientists. First of all, he always employed the scientific method of (32) truth from facts. He firmly believed, (33) he put it, that "there is nothing incomprehensible (34) the universe", and through painstaking work explained many of the phenomena thought to be "incomprehensible" in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to (35) mistakes when facts (36) his theories wrong. Second, Einstein's contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. (37) he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led (38) many of the scientific advances (39) have shaped modern technology. Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must (40) a moral and social consciousness. (41) this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communist movement. Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings (42) a "Genius" whose theories are (43) complicated that no one (44) a few best scientists can understand them. But he (45) rejected the efforts to (46) him in a position far (47) other people. He was well-known for his (48) manner and often stressed to interviews that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived. Actually, Einstein's (49) of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein's theories, his overall attitude (50) science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.

填空题Aging baby boomers are determined to fight the aging process. They spend millions of dollars a year on 1 they perceive as the best anti-aging products 2 can buy. They are being very short-sighted 3 their quest for youth. Just 4 a well-maintained car eventually breaks 5 , our bodies 6 the same. Aging is a chronic and ongoing condition we all face. Successful aging requires planning. The baby boomer generation has made 7 loud and clear that they want to remain in their homes and communities 8 they age. Yet they 9 the most important factor that will help them achieve the goal 10 age successfully at home. The home environment most boomers reside in was built for the young family. A young body 11 run the stairs, stand at the sink and get on a stool to 12 things. These are activities that become difficult or even 13 for some as they age. Falls are the number one robber of independence of the aging body. Yes, all the exercise and good nutrition cannot 14 one from falling and breaking a bone. Eventually the body slows down and 15 mobile can be an issue. It becomes hard to get into the bathroom. Many aging seniors stop taking baths because of a 16 of falling. No matter how hard we want to stay young or our bodies 17 maintain a youthful appearance, eventually we will slow down. So what is the best investment for successful aging at home? It is simple. Adjust your present living environment to meet the needs of your aging body. Many aging seniors 18 up in nursing homes or assisted living 19 their home environment could not 20 their needs.

填空题·had a song writer Woodie Guthrie?

填空题One day a group of people walked into a cave and painted handprints all over the walls. Ten thousand years later, archaeologists have no idea why. 1 But this is the kind of challenge now facing a group of scientists, historians and futurists who are trying to send a message to the people of the distant future. In what has been called the first ever attempt at "reverse archaeology", they are designing a sign that will last at least 10,000 years. The message: Don"t dig here, we buried nuclear waste. The repository in question, the Waste Isolation Pilot Project, or WIPP, was constructed in the 970s and 80s in a disused salt mine near Carlsbad, New Mexico. In 1999, it became the first underground repository in the world licensed to house waste from the production of nuclear weapons. Once it reaches full capacity in 2033, it will be monitored by the US Department of Energy for 1000 years before being abandoned. Computer models predict that within 1000 years the mine will collapse in on itself, sealing the chemical sludge, toxic waste and contaminated lab equipment inside. 2 This is a major challenge. In 10,000 years our descendants may have no recollection of our culture, languages or technologies. They may be more technologically advanced than we can imagine, or civilisation as we know it may have long since crashed and burned. Clearly the survival of the WIPP message depends on more than paper or digital records. Maps and technical details will be stored in libraries around the world, but the warning signs on the site itself will need to be big, obvious and permanent. They will need to survive over thousands of years without eroding, being looted or being destroyed by vandals. 3 But making sure the message remains legible is only half the battle. It will also need to be understood, and, equally critically, believed. This is where things get tricky. Chances are the people of the future will no longer use language in the same way that we do. Even if they do use the spoken and written word to communicate, there is no guarantee their language will bear any relation to ours. In the early 1990s, Nelson gathered two teams of historians, anthropologists and semioticians—experts in signs—and challenged them to come up with the perfect warning sign. 4 Anthropologists say there .is no universal symbol that will convey danger to any human past, present or future. Interpretations of colours vary between cultures, and while depiction of animals like spiders and snakes may inspire fear, they don"t tell you what you should be frightened of. 5 So if the symbols no longer mean anything to our descendant, will the two faces be enough to get the message across? "Both are relevant, I suppose," says Robert Aunger, "although we argue that disgust is a response to threat only of infectious disease; radioactivity is not contagious. Fear is more relevant than disgust." Barring extreme genetic modification, chances are faces will look much the same in 10,000 years. A. All things going well it should stay that way for the 250,000 years it will take for most of the waste to become safe. However, according to legislation drawn up in 1985 by the US Department of Energy, a repository must be safeguarded for at least 10,000 years, and that means it must be marked. B. All we know is that nuclear waste is dangerous now and is likely to stay that way for a very long time, and that means we have to try, C. To be fair to the artists in question, they probably didn"t set out to create something that would make sense in 400 generations" time. Even if thoughts of the future had crossed their minds, how could they possibly have imagined what would have become of the human race? Since that day, mankind has invented the wheel, developed hundreds of languages and got through several major civilisations, not to mention remodelled the planet and its climate. D. Facial expressions, though, are universally understood. "Fear is the most basic of emotions, and so would survive any cultural evolution," says Robert Aunger, a biological anthropologist. With this in mind, the WIPP designers came up with two symbols: a human face showing fear and another showing revulsion and disgust. There will also be a description of the site in seven languages, plus the word "Danger" and today"s symbols for biohazards and radioactivity. E. The biggest challenge was choosing an image. Symbols do exist to illustrate radiation and biohazards, but symbols have a habit of changing their meanings over time. The swastika, for example, was first used by European tribes in 4000BC and was a Hindu holy symbol long before the Nazis got hold of it. F. The plan is literally to set the warnings in stone, by carving them onto 8-metre-tall monoliths. A study of ancient rock carvings commissioned by WIPP in 2000 found that deep carvings on basalt survived well, as, surprisingly, did those on sandstone. The team is now testing other rock types against freeze/thaw cracking and wind abrasion, as well as working on cheaper artificial alternatives.

填空题Inside a small chamber at a Kent State University laboratory, hamsters sleep, eat, play and rest while fluid flows in and out of tubes threaded through their tiny brains. It took biology professor J. David Glass two years to set up the finicky dialysis system, which measures a key neurotransmitter in the biological clocks of these nocturnal rodents. His payoff came in 1996, when he became the first researcher to measure serotonin levels rising and falling in the biological clock area of the brain during an animal's daily cycle. Serotonin is the "feel good" chemical manipulated by widely prescribed drugs such as Prozac. 66. ______ Glass's research and that of others could have implications for the millions of people who take common anti-depressants and other drugs that affect serotonin in the brain. It has long been known that the substance is a key player in the biological clock, and that the region has an unusually high concentration of receptors for the neurotransmitter. 67. ______ Like other animals and even plants, humans have built-in clocks that regulate internal functions on a 24-hour basis. For most mammals, the clocks trigger sleep and waking, as well as metabolism, hormone levels, body temperature and many other changes. 68. ______ Sitting on top of the optic nerve, the clock is heavily influenced by light. But other factors, too, are involved in resetting the mechanism, most notably physical activity and substances like serotonin. Glass and his students found that, when lights in the hamster chamber were switched off, the serotonin levels in the rodents' clock region shot up: hamsters are nocturnal, meaning they rest during the day and are awake at night. But when hamsters in the midst of their sleep cycle were put onto an activity wheel, a significant rise in serotonin levels was measured in those hamsters that woke up enough to exercise. It has long been known that serotonin is key to body clock function, according to Thomas Wehr, a scientist at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Researchers at the Maryland Institute took cells from the clock region of the brain, sprinkled serotonin on them and, by monitoring electrical impulses, watched the cells "reset" themselves. 69. ______ Studies have found that serotonin affects the clock in different ways, depending on the point in the cell's daily cycle that it is administered. Glass recently completed an experiment using marmosets, small monkeys native to Central and South America. Researchers moved a sleeping marmoset to another cage, then monitored it as it scurried around its new environment. After this burst of activity, the marmoset shifted its cycles forward or backward a few hours, and they remained shifted, apparently indefinitely. Cycles were pushed back when the disruption occurred early in the sleep period; they shifted forward when the disruption occurred late in the cycle. 70. ______ A. According to Glass, the experiment demonstrates what scientists have known anecdotally for a long time: that exercise, when performed at certain times, shifts our clocks. Exercise has long been recommended to speed recovery from jet lag, for example. That may be because exercise boosts serotonin. Glass found he could mimic the effect of the arousal experiment by injecting a serotonin like drug and believes the findings suggest something similar could be expected in people. "We're getting closer and closer to making the link that humans can adjust their circadian clock through natural means such as exercise," Glass says. B. "There are certain drugs used with humans that have also been squirted on these cells in dishes and have been shown to reset the clock in the dish, so it seems quite possible there are similar effects in humans who take these drugs. " Wehr says. Indeed, some people taking anti-depressants do report sleep disorders such as insomnia or daytime drowsiness that could be related to changes in their biological clocks. Human studies have yet to focus on the issue. C. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man's biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25-hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. D. Glass's work is part of the fast-growing field of circadian (or daily) rhythm research focused on a region at the base of the brain, the size of a corn kernel, that scientists discovered 25 years ago is the body's timing mechanism. E. Meanwhile, in a larger chamber down the hall, Glass is monitoring tropical monkeys. He has found that exercise and arousal from sleep have major impacts on the biological rhythms of the monkeys, permanently shifting their clocks in the absence of normal daylight and darkness cues. F. This is a particularly exciting time for circadian-rhythm researchers. In recent times, scientists at universities in Illinois, Texas and Japan have found genes involved with the clock, including one that appears to be a basic building block of the mechanism and is common across all species, from fruit flies to humans. Meanwhile, researchers like Glass, whose work has attracted US $1.2 million (9.6 million RMB. in grants from the National Institute of Health, are trying to understand how the clock works.

填空题The final act of a controversy over GM crops that sets America against Europe unfolds today in Geneva. The World Trade Organisation will hear the closing arguments in a case where the public authority of both the European commission and the WTO is at stake. 1 Throughout the European Union there has been extensive concern about GM crops. Among the public"s fears is the potential for long-term harm to the environment—for example through the increased use of herbicides and the gene flow to wild species—and to human health, should new allergens appear. In a wider context of uncertainties about the future of agriculture and of a pervasive lack of confidence in official approaches to the handling of technological risk, consumer rejection of GM has been widespread. 2 The EU"s initial submissions to the WTO dispute panel argued that its approach was necessarily "prudent and precautionary". It emphasised that the US, Canada and Argentina were challenging the right of countries to establish levels of protection from the risks of GM appropriate to their circumstances—and that the risks and uncertainties were complex and serious. The outcome of the case would be of enormous significance worldwide. 3 Significantly, the commission has also shifted its defence in the WTO case in a way that suggests a direct link with this new tactic on GM approvals. The commission is unwilling to publish its recent submissions to the dispute panel (despite requests from Friends of the Earth under freedom of information rules), but it is clear from the US"s response, which has been made public, that the commission now wants the dispute to be ruled "moot" because GM approvals have started. In other words, it has caved in to US pressure and is rearranging the pieces. 4 The GM dispute has been unfolding at a time when the future of the EU is a fraught political question in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. Here, referendums on the currency and EU constitution are looming. A key Euro-sceptic weapon is to whip up fear of a remote unaccountable bureaucracy. When the commission acts, as in this case, in a fashion so strongly at odds with the EU"s citizens and their political representatives, the result can only be further cynicism and hostility. 5 It is not only Europe"s institutions that are being tested by the GM dispute. The already tattered credibility of the WTO itself is also at stake. On both sides of the Atlantic, the US challenge to Europe"s initial stance has attracted exceptional interest from civil society groups—to the point where several international coalitions have submitted amicus curiae briefs directly to the panel. All these point to the need for the WTO to rely on more enlightened approaches to risk assessment, respecting the different cultural and environmental circumstances of individual countries. A. The commission is playing a dangerous game. Member states and their populations are divided even on whether the two varieties of GM maize recently approved satisfy the EU"s own regulatory criteria. However, the commission appears to have decided that satisfying the US is more important than respecting the continuing concern among the people and governments of member states. It is a course of action that could have reverberations for the European project as a whole. B. Insistence on a one-size-fits-all approach tailored to US norms—to which Europe now risks deferring—is undermining the WTO"s authority. If successive crises of the GM kind are to be avoided, the WTO needs to change—and fast. C. In response to these worries, the EU revised its regulatory framework to include wider issues such as traceability, labelling and impacts on farmland wildlife. This process is still under way, with countries developing national plans on how, if GM crops are grown, to limit contamination of non-GM crops, and how to ascribe liability should harm result. D. In May 2003 the US, Argentina and Canada, urged on by their industry lobbies, complained to the WTO about Europe"s moratorium on GM approvals, imposed in October 1998. As the biggest producers of GM crops, they felt the European position was damaging their trade interests and argued that it could not be scientifically justified. E. Last summer, however, while arguments were still being put, the European commission awarded the first marketing approvals since October 1998. The awards—for importing two varieties of GM maize, for food and feed—ended the de facto Europe-wide moratorium, but the commission had to use provisions designed for when the council of ministers is unable to reach agreement. In effect, the bureaucracy stepped in and forced through a particular outcome, despite continuing political disagreement across the EU. This now looks set to become a growing pattern. F. The new commission, which came into being last November, has a chance to reconsider the matter anew. Beating in mind the broader implications of the case for its own future standing, it should look again at the GM approvals granted by its predecessor.