单选题 You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane—the area least subject to impact—from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.

单选题{{I}}Questions 11～13 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题At the present time, experiments are being conducted in ______.

单选题When a 13-year-old Virginia girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted world-wide attention. 　　Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from "put a clothes pin on her nose" to "have her stand on her head" poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world''s top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling problem with great speed. 　　He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze. It was all in her mind, he said, a view which Aristotle, some 3000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily. 　　Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly. 　　"Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational adjustment, and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer, "he reported. 　　Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr. Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes -- a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that the sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people the world over still continue the custom with the traditional," God bless you" or its equivalent. 　　When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature''s clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is striving to remove.

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单选题 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　{{B}}Text{{/B}} Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened {{U}}26 {{/U}} . As was discussed before, it was not {{U}}(27) {{/U}} the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic {{U}}(28) {{/U}} , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the {{U}}(29) {{/U}} of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution {{U}}(30) {{/U}} up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading {{U}}(31) {{/U}} through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures {{U}}(32) {{/U}} the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in {{U}}(33) {{/U}} . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, {{U}}(34) {{/U}} , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, {{U}}(35) {{/U}} by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, {{U}}(36) {{/U}} its impact on the media was not immediately {{U}}(37) {{/U}} As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal", too, as well as {{U}}(38) {{/U}} , with display becoming sharper and storage {{U}}(39) {{/U}} increasing. They were thought of, like people, {{U}}(40) {{/U}} generations, with the distance .between generations much {{U}}(41) {{/U}} . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the {{U}}(42) {{/U}} within which we now live. The communications revolution has {{U}}(43) {{/U}} both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been {{U}}(44) {{/U}} views about 'its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed {{U}}(45) {{/U}} "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

单选题What can we conclude from this passage?

单选题A former town hall worker made legal history last week when she was awarded ￡67,000 for stress brought on by her work．The ruling made Beverley Lancaster the first person to get their employer to accept the legal responsibility for stress-related personal injury in a British court．It is likely to start a flood of other workers'claims, Mrs．Lancaster's union already has 7,000 stress related cases on its books． The 44-year-old mother of two started a legal case against Birmingham City Council after falling ill while working as a troubleshooter in a neighborhood housing office．Dealing with rude and abusive members of the public pushed her into periods of gloom and she suffered anxiety, Birmingham county court heard．Mrs．Lancaster joined the council at 16, working her way up from junior clerk to senior draughtswoman．Her problems began when she was promoted to housing officer in Sutton Coldfield．"With no continuity, a constant high workload and lime clerical support, I found it difficult to switch from one problem or situation to another,"she said．"My concentration swung and I suffered sleepless nights．It made me feel like I was in a hole with no key to open the door．I would break down in tears．1 was being buried in paperwork and at times my mind would just go blank." In awarding compensation of￡67,491, assistant recorder Frances Kirkham said she understood the position of troubleshooter was very different from Mrs．Lancaster's previous job．She rejected claims from the council that Mrs．Lancaster would be able to go back to her former profession, saying she accepted that the possibility of future work would be in a lesser capacity． After the hearing Mrs．Lancaster said she was relieved and pleased．She added, "I hope this will act as a warning to employers．Everything I did was right．The council made promises to me and they failed me．I felt isolated, let down, that I was not good enough, not wanted.”The payout, the first of its kind to be decided in a county court， covers loss of wages and future loss of earnings． A spokesman for Birmingham City Council said action had been taken by the authority to review its staff and management procedures．

单选题Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding. There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves. We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and re- ports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse (引起) and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" file (档案) or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

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单选题Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.HowtocookItalianfoodfortheweekend.B.HowtomanagetheirItalianrestaurant.C.HowtofindthenewItalianrestaurant.D.Howtospendthecomingweekend.

单选题—The boy is telling a lie. —How do you know? —His face has given him______. [A] off [B] up [C] away [D] out

单选题To understand why someone becomes an optimist or a pessimist, it helps to understand what distinguishes them. Say you crash your car. Do you expect good things to happen after the accident ― an easy recuperation(挽回损失), a fat check from your insurer? Or do you worry that your neck will hurt forever? 　　"Optimistic people tend to feel that bad things won''t last long and won''t affect other parts of life," Seligman says. Pessimists tend to believe one negative incident will last and undermine every- thing else in their lives. 　　Also important, researchers say, is the story you construct about why things happen -- your explanatory style. Optimists believe that bad events have temporary causes ― "The boss is in a bad mood." Pessimists believe the cause is permanent ― "The boss is a jerk." 　　This sense of control distinguishes one type from the other. Positive thinkers feel powerful. Negative thinkers, Seligman says, feel helpless because they have learned to believe they''re doomed, no matter what. A young wife who''s told she''s incapable of handling household finances might later become a divorce woman who can''t balance a checkbook. 　　Such learned helplessness causes much harm on health. Studies show that optimists are better at coping with the distress associated with everything from sore throat to heart surgery. Furthermore, scientists at U. C. L. A. discovered that optimists have more disease fighting T cells. 　　Pessimists also don''t believe in preventive care. Visit a doctor and you might find out you''re sick! My father was rushed to the emergency room for medical conditions that would have been easily treatable if he''d seen a doctor sooner.

单选题Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following dialogue.

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