单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1.{{/I}}

单选题

单选题This passage is primarily concerned with the ______.

单选题Today, one of the major newspaper websites in America stated that free online news reading is approaching its end. The New York Times has turned into the biggest publisher yet to (26) plans for a payment of its digital products, (27) the accepted rule that people who use Internet will not need to pay for news. In order to struggle (28) the disappearance of advertising and a reduction in street corner newspaper sales, The New York Times (29) to take in a "metered" model early in 2011. If readers have (30) a set number of its online articles every month, they will have to pay some charge. As a result, the motion puts the quite old newspaper (31) the charging side which gets a daily-wide gap(鸿沟) in the media industry. One the other hand, other famous newspapers, among which is the Guardian, have expressed they will not (32) those who use Internet to read, and other certain papers, (33) London's Evening Standard, have racially gone further in giving up readership revenue by the way of delivering (34) editions. Meanwhile, one of the New York Times' publisher (35) that it is a gamble to move this step: "To a certain extent, this is a (36) , in which the web is going as we think. " With a great number of print (37) —995,000 on weekdays and 1,400,000 on Sundays, The New York Times is the number three bestseller in American, which is (38) the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. (39) most US papers devote to some city, The New York Times is one of the few that can (40) general scope which owns 16 bureaus in the New York area, as well as 11 offices all around the home and (41) 26 bureaus in other parts of the world. However, (42) many media in the publishing industry, the (43) financial crisis is also influencing the newspaper. The New York Times Company, its parent company, possesses 15 papers, but (44) a huge loss of $ 70 million in the past nine months before September, meanwhile, at present, it also accepted a $ 250 million (45) from Carlos Slim, a Mexican billionaire, to balance its capital.

单选题It can be inferred from the passage that ______ is needed to make the trumpet work.

单选题{{I}}Questions 18-21 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题

单选题The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that (1) thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and (2) . Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a (3) fire or by the molten lava form an erupting (4) . No doubt, when people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, (5) after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity (6) man learned how to make and control fire (7) . Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun (8) their food. For example, in the desert (9) of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by (10) it on a flat (11) in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this (12) . We can surmise that the earliest kitchen (13) was a stick (14) which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was (15) by an iron rod which could be turned frequently to cook the meat (16) all sides. Cooking food in water was (17) before man learned to make water containers that could not be (18) by fire. The (19) cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked. As early as 166 BC, the Egyptians had learned to make (20) permanent cooking pots out of sandstone. Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.

单选题 Legend has it that sometime toward the Civil War (1861～1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived? The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was as cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west, that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless. Who could imagine a fairy tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle were left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them, much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

单选题Play is the principal business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development. In recent years' research on infant development has shown the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play ;the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys. Until the age of seven or eight', play and work mean much the same thing to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed—to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

单选题When some nineteenth-century New Yorkers said "Harlem", they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan—wanting, perhaps, to shape a closer and more precise sense of community— designated a section that they wished to be known as Harlem. The chosen area was the Harlem to which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side. As the community became predominantly Black, the very word "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At times, it was easy to forget that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name "Harrlem", that the community it described had been founded by people from Holland; and that for most cites three centuries—it was first settled in the sixteen hundred it had been occupied by White New Yorkers. "Harlem" became synonymous with Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it themselves—not only to designate their area of residence but to express their sense of the various of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" assumed an even larger meaning. In the words of Adam Clayton Powell, the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and the promised land to the Negroes. Everywhere". By 1919, Harlem's population had grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals merely lived in Harlem. It was New York they had come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves; Harlem was exactly where they wished to be.

单选题Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much time sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become flabby and our systems sluggish. There are some aspects of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern urban life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to minimise the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them. For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports—and it is especially difficult to do so if you are no good at them—there are such solitary activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, apart from the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair. Even after you have found a routine for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics or isometrics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation. It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practised in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical, though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity-physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other—which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.

单选题I like collecting (收集) stamps. When I was only a baby, my mother began to collect for me. Of course, she did not let me touch the stamps until I was old enough not to spoil(毁坏) them. I remembered that it was on my fifteenth birthday that she first put them into my hands. They were in four thick books and since then I have added three more, so now I have a bigger collection than any of my friends. How do I get my stamps? I have never bought even one stamp from a shop. My father works in a big office. Sometimes be brings me some stamps from many countries of the world. I have friends both here and in other countries. They send me a lot of wonderful stamps every year. Since I am working for my living, I do not have as much time as before to spend on my stamps. But in the evening, I sometimes bring out the books and enjoy the stamps in them. Each stamp has a story to tell me about far countries and strange peoples. Stamp collection is a good way to learn history, geography and languages.

单选题{{B}}{{I}}Questions 11～13 are based on the following dialogue between two colleagues.{{/I}}{{/B}}

单选题