单选题Read the paragraphs on the Japanese management. For Questions 61 to 65, match the number of each paragraph to one of the topics (A to E)given below. Paragraph 1: 　　Japanese managers believe that change and initiative within an organization should come from those closest to the problem. So they elicit change from below. Top-level Japanese managers see their task as creating an atmosphere in which subordinates are motivated to seek better solutions. Paragraph 2: 　　Japanese managers do not view themselves as having all the answers. When a subordinate brings in a proposal, the manager neither accepts nor rejects it. Rather, he tactfully, politely asks questions, makes suggestions, and provides encouragement. Paragraph 3: 　　In the Japanese system, junior(middle) managers are initiators who perceive problems and formulate tentative solutions in coordination with others; they are not functional specialists who carry out their boss''s directives. Because so much emphasis is placed on coordination and integration, solutions to problems evolve more slowly, but they are known and understood by all those who have been a part of the solution generation process. Horizontal communication is stressed as essential to the coordination of problem-solving efforts. Paragraph 4: 　　The Japanese are less inclined to think in terms of absolutes, that is, the solution (which right) versus the alternatives (which are wrong). Rather, they recognize a range of alternatives, several of which might work and all of which possess advantages and disadvantages. When a group makes a decision, all members become committed to the chosen solution. From a Japanese perspective,that commitment, and the ensuing dedication toward working to make the solution successful, Is probably more important than the objective quality of the decision. The Japanese have an interesting concept of consensus. Those who consent to a decision are not necessarily endorsing it. Rather, consent means that each person is satisfied that his point of view has been fairly heard, and although he or she may not wholly agree that the decision is the best one, he or she is willing to go along with it and even support it. Paragraph 5: 　　Japanese managers have a kind of paternalistic attitude toward their employees. Traditionally, Japanese organizations have offered their workers housing, extensive recreational facilities, and life-time employment. The Japanese believe that it is impossible to divorce a worker''s personal and professional lives. Good managers express concern for workers as persons with homes and families as well as for the quality of products the workers produce. Managers work alongside their subordinates, counsel them regarding their personal lives, and encourage much peer interaction. 　　Now match each of the Paragraphs (61 to 65)to the appropriate statement. 　　　　　　　　Statements [A] Consensus as A Way of Making Decisions [B] Top Management as Facilitator [C] Bottom-up Initiative [D] Concern for Employees'' Personal Well-being [E] Middle Management as Impetus for and Shaper of Solutions

单选题Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______.

单选题Companies with large scale need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums required from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, persuading people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. Thus they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals both at home and abroad. 　　When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other savers who is earnest to invest his money. 　　A lot of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalised industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to support major capital expenses, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange. 　　There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose living standard does not rely on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to supply a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.

单选题I usually ______ books in the morning. [A] watch [B] read [C] see

单选题Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?[A]Inafriend'shouse.[B]Inashop.[C]Ataparty.

单选题Whataretheman'shobbies?A.Runningandthinking.B.Runningandjumping.C.Runningandclimbing.D.Runningandskiing.

单选题What are these people planning to do?

单选题 {{I}}Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/I}}

单选题What was the man doing last night?

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} The 47-year-old politician rose to the highest post because of his stand against the war in Iraq and his plans to fix a weak economy. But what will the first 47-year-old African- American president do for race relations? Obama's victory appears to have given blacks and other minorities a true national role model. For years, many looked to athletes and musicians for inspiration. As Darius Turner, an African-American high school student in Los Angeles, told The Los Angeles Times, "Kobe doesn't have to be everybody's role model any more." Recent polls also suggest that Obama's victory has given Americans new optimism about race relations. For example, a USA Today poll found that two-thirds of Americans believe relations between blacks and whites "will finally be worked out". This is the most hopeful response since the question was first asked during the civil rights revolution in 1963. However, it's still too early to tell whether Obama's presidency will begin to solve many of the social problems facing low-income black communities. Although blacks make up only 13 percent of the US population, 55 percent of all prisoners are African-American. Such numbers can be blamed on any number of factors on America's racist past, a failure of government policy and the collapse of the family unit in black communities. It is unlikely that Obama will be able to reverse such trends overnight. However, Bill Bank, an expert of African-American Studies, says that eventually young blacks need to find role models in their own communities. "That's not Martin Luther King, and not Barack Obama," he told The Los Angeles Times. "It's actually the people closest to them. Barrack only has so much influence." In the opinion of black British politician Trevor Phillips, Obama's rise will contribute more to multiculturalism than to race relations in the US. "When the G8 meets, the four most important people in the room will be the president of China, the prime minister of India, the prime minister of Japan and Barrack Obama," he told London's The Times newspaper. "It will be the first time we've seen that on our television screens. That will be a huge psychological shift(心理转变) for both the white people and the colored ones in the world."

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题 Questions 22～25 are based on a conversation at the airport.

单选题Which of the following sentences is NOT tree according to the passage?

单选题Whydidthemangiveupstudyingphysics?

单选题In the conflict between jobs and the environment, the author takes sides with those who are in favour of _______.