单选题 Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employees and the self-employed. Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community. Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old m work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as a total population increase the proportion in the workforce declines. Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate. The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hospitals, finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

单选题The phrase "this relationship"( in Line 3, Para. 5 )refers to the connection between ______and the incidence of heart disease.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Companies with large scale need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, with a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums require from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, persuading people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. Thus they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. Only by doing so can they put into circulation the savings of individuals both at home and abroad. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other savers who is earnest to invest his money. A lot of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. The governments at all levels furnish us with hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, equipment and other new development. The money raised through taxes alone can't serve us properly. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to support major capital expenses, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose living standard does not rely on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, the money needed must be gathered from the public at home or abroad. The Stock Exchange exists to supply a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.

单选题Computers may one day turn night into day with good old，natural sunlight． Colossal computer-controlled mirrors, thousands of feet across, may one day orbit the earth， reflecting sunlight onto a darkened United States． Some Scientists say that 16 of these mirrors， each about a half mile across, could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles. That much light would equal about 56 moons. The mirrors would be so high that they could catch the sun"s light as it was shining on the other side of the earth. The mirrors could orbit—thousands of miles high—at the same speed as the earth turns on its axis (轴). That way, the mirrors would always be over the same spot. The aluminum-coated (涂铝的), plastic mirrors could be folded up and packed into a spaceship, according to the scientists. Once released a few hundred miles in space, the mirrors, powered by a solar-powered engine, could mark the rest of the trip into space on their own. The scientists say that the computer-controlled mirrors could also be made to tilt (倾斜) slowly, so the reflected sunlight would sweep slowly along the surface of the earth. For example, as night fell, the mirrors could be tilted to light up Boston. Later on, as darkness spread slowly westward. Chicago, for example, then San Francisco could be lit up. The reflected sunlight would allow these cities to save up electricity. And in emergencies, such as power-failures, the mirrors could light up the affected area. What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants, animals, and humans. Would it confuse some animals and harm plants that are used to regular day-night cycles? The scientists recommend that studies be done to find out what effects there might be.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}}You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer A. , B. , C. or D. , and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.{{/I}}

单选题The word "imperative" in the first paragraph most probably can be replaced by_________.

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单选题Text … 1 Thanksgiving turkey, it" s hard to find 2 "American" food. The United States is a land of 3 . So Americans eat food from many different countries. When people move to America, they 4 their cooking styles with them. That" s why you can find almost every kind of 5 food in America. In some cases, Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites. Americans love Italian pizza, Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls. But the American version doesn" t taste quite like the 6 . As with any large country, the US has several 7 regions. Each region 8 its own special style of food. Visit the South and enjoy country-style cooking. Journey through Louisiana for some spicy Cajun 9 . Take a trip to New England and 10 savory seafood dishes. Travel through the Midwest," the bread-basket of the nation", for delicious 11 foods. 12 over to the Southwest and try some 13 TexMex treats. Finish your food tour in 14 Pacific Northwest with some gourmet coffee. Americans living 15 a fast pace often just" grab a quick bite". Fast food restaurants 16 people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice. Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap. Of course, one of the most 17 quick American meals is a sandwich. If it can fit 18 two slices of bread, Americans probably make a sandwich out of it. Peanut butter and jelly are 19 American 20 . …

单选题 Questions 11～13 are based on the following conversation between shopkeeper and customer.

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单选题The writer of this passage wanted to______.

单选题Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. In 2006, she started her own consulting practice, but by 2008, most of her larger clients had to drop her because of the economy. In 2011, she was undertaking irregular assignments and knew she needed a steady job. The first job she considered was Director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews, she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still, she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager explained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job but that, before she continued with the process, she should better understand the firm"s culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the company"s CEO, who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to do the same. "Even though I was desperate for a job, I knew I couldn"t do that," Isabel says. She called the recruiter to turn down the job and explained that she didn"t feel there was a cultural fit. A few months later, she interviewed for another job: a director of employee relations at a local university. After several interviews, the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it. The job had many positives: it was a low-stress environment, it offered great benefits, and the university was an employee-friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn"t be challenging enough. Finally, she turned it down. "It would be great to have a paycheck and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night," she says, In both cases, she was frank with the hiring managers about why she wasn"t taking the jobs. "In the past, it felt like dating, I was worried about hurting people"s feelings," she says. However, they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she felt she had to.

单选题One evening Jackson, my son, said to me, "I want to know whether people are all the same even though they are different in the color of skin. " After thinking for a while, I said, "I'll explain it to you, (26) you can wait till we make a (27) at the nearby supermarket. By then you will see something (28) " At the supermarket, we (29) some apples—red, yellow and green. After we got home, I told Jackson, "Now I'll (30) your previous question. " I put carefully one apple of every (31) on the table. I looked at him, who had a totally (32) expression. "People are similar to apples. They all have (33) colors, sizes and shapes. From the (34) , some apples may not (35) look like the others." Jackson was (36) each one with his eyes open while I was talking. Then, I took a knife and peeled(削皮) the apples, (37) them back, however, (38) a different place. "Now, Jackson, could you tell me which is which. " He said after a careful observation, "I (39) tell them from each other because they all look the same now. " "Have a bite of (40) and see whether that can help you to (41) which one is which." He had (42) , and there appeared a big smile on his face. " People are (43) like apples! Although they are all different, they're much the same inside as long as you (44) the outside. " He totally (45) it. I didn't have to say anything else.

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单选题Linda My husband weighed 275 pounds. He used to skip breakfast, and he didn' t eat all that much for dinner. So I once wondered why he was getting so big. Then I found out he was stopping to buy a dozen chocolate-covered doughnuts each morning. And you know how I found out? He was eating them while driving, so he wouldn't have to share them at work. While chasing one that rolled across the front seat, he ran into a telephone pole. Emily Two years ago, I knew my husband' s health was at risk because of all the weight he had picked up since we' d been married. But he wasn' t doing anything about it. Then I went to a doctor' s office and I followed his advice and started talking about food to my husband—what was good, what was bad—as if it was a new discovery. I didn' t lecture my husband about the evils of being overweight, didn' t try to threaten him by saying if he didn' t lose weight his blood pressure could shoot sky-high and he might have a heart attack. Instead, I talked about how well he' d look in new clothes, how he' d probably do better on the job (he was a salesman), to ask questions. After a few months, he' d lost 20 pounds. John I once kept a list of everything I ate one week, just to show my wife was wrong about where I was picking up extra pounds. When I studied my list, I wondered how I found time to do any work, I was eating so much. There' s nothing like seeing it in black and white to prove you' re wrong. Jane Scott When I found my husband had weight problem, I was determined to take some measures. I made sure I needed something from the store three mornings a week, and then I told my husband I didn' t want to walk there alone—it was about a quarter of a mile each way—and I' d always insist on walking. He breathed hard at first, but gradually got used to it, and we started making a circle around the neighborhood at night, too, with the dog. That was three years ago, and now I can' t keep him still. The walking got him used to using his body again, and he was happy to find it still worked pretty well. Ted Men tend to think less about the costs of excess pounds than women do. Men often seem blind to the possibility that a beer belly is causing them to look unattractive to their mates, holding them back in their careers and killing them before their time. Also, many men feel self-conscious going to a diet center—especially if most of the group is female. Diets are perceived to be of women' s concern, or an admission of weakness. There are even men who would rather blow up like a blimp before they admit to other men—or themselves—that they need to lose weight. Now match each of the persons with the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements A. The heavier, the merrier. B. Some form of physical exercise has to play a part in men' s weight - loss program. C. Attention should be paid to eating patterns. D. Men' s attitudes are quite different from women' s. E. Gaining weight has nothing to do with health.F. Your educational role sometimes has to be more subtle.G. Facts are indisputable.

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