单选题There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil)is creating a "greenhouse effect" —conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profit, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the "advanced civilization". Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?

单选题{{I}}Questions 14 -17 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

单选题The phrase "build on "in the last parapraph most probably means " ______ ".

单选题Questions 11-14 are based on a conversation about exercising．

单选题 IQuestions 22 ～ 25 are based on the following conversation between a daughter and her father./I

单选题The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity, but emotional capacity as well. Feelings aren't usually associated with inanimate machines, but Rosalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT, believes emotion may be just the thing computers need to work effectively. Computers need artificial emotion to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement. The more scientists study the "wetware" model for computing—the human brain and nervous system—the more they conclude that emotions are a part of intelligence, not separate from it. Emotions are among the tools that we use to process the tremendous amount of stimuli in our environment. They also pay a role in human learning and decision making. Feeling bad about a wrong decision, for instance, focuses attention on avoiding future error. A feeling of pleasure, on the other hand, positively reinforces an experience. "If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent, to adapt to us, and to interact naturally with us, then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions, to have emotions, and to have what has come to be called 'emotional intelligence,'" Picard says. One way that emotions can help computers, she suggests, is by helping keep them from crashing. Today's computers produce error messages, but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn't make sense. A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts. On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans. It was fear of its own death that prompted HAL, the fictional computer in the film 2002: A Space Odyssey, to kill most of its human associates. Similarly, computers that could "read" their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us—not just what we said and did, but what we likely thought and felt. "Emotions not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction, but they directly impact a person's ability to interact in an intelligent way," Picard says. "Emotional skills, especially the ability to recognize and express emotions, are essential for natural communication with humans."

单选题"Family" is of course an elastic word. And in different countries it has different meanings. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family" in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family-hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man and woman, marriage means leaving one's parents and starting one's own life. The man's first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife's to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and their alone. Neither the wife's parents nor the husband's, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any fight to interfere with them-they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl's parents, that is, it was the parents'duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents'home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.. Every coin has two sides; independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of the girls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate(部下,下级) of their parents and husbands.

单选题 {{B}} Text{{/B}} Although "lie detectors" are widely used by governments, police departments and businesses, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are commonly {{U}}(26) {{/U}} as emotion detectors, for their aim is to {{U}}(27) {{/U}} bodily changes that contradict what a {{U}}(28) {{/U}} says. The lie detector records changes {{U}}(29) {{/U}} heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical {{U}}(30) {{/U}} of the skin. In the first part of the {{U}}(31) {{/U}} you are electronically connected to the machine and {{U}}(32) {{/U}} a few neutral questions ("What is your name?" etc. ). Your physical reactions serve {{U}}(33) {{/U}} the standard for evaluating what comes {{U}}(34) {{/U}} Then you are presented with a few {{U}}(35) {{/U}} questions among the neutral ones ( "When did you rob the bank?" ). The idea is that if you are {{U}}(36) {{/U}}, your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to {{U}}(37) {{/U}} it. Your heart rate and breathing will change {{U}}(38) {{/U}} as you respond to the questions. That is the theory, but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not {{U}}(39) {{/U}}. Since most physical changes are the same across {{U}}(40) {{/U}} emotions, lie detectors cannot tell {{U}}(41) {{/U}} you are feeling angry, nervous or excited. {{U}}(42) {{/U}} people may be tense and nervous {{U}}(43) {{/U}} the whole procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word ( "bank" ) not because they robbed it, but because they recently used a bad check. In either {{U}}(44) {{/U}}, the machine will record a "lie". On the other hand, some practiced liars can lie {{U}}(45) {{/U}} hesitation, so the reverse mistake is also common.

单选题It is believed that plants need ______.

单选题 Questions 17～19 are based on a dialogue between an employer and an employee.

单选题 What kinds of people often give drugs to their children? Where in the world do people take drug before going to work? The answers are simple—ordinary people, just about{{U}} (26) {{/U}}. And the drug{{U}} (27) {{/U}}question is caffeine. Scientists estimate that over 70% of the world's population takes caffeine daily. {{U}}(28) {{/U}}drink it in tea and coffee. Children drink in tin Coca Cola and{{U}} (29) {{/U}}soft drinks. It is also found in chocolate.{{U}} (30) {{/U}}, most people in the most places at any time are under the{{U}} (31) {{/U}}of the drug. There have been many scientific investigations{{U}} (32) {{/U}}the exact effects of caffeine. Most people agree that it{{U}} (33) {{/U}}the nervous system and helps the body make efficient use of energy. This is why many people{{U}} (34) {{/U}}Asia drink tea with food and why westerners often end their meals{{U}} (35) {{/U}}a cup of coffee. Because the effect of caffeine is so{{U}} (36) {{/U}}, there have been{{U}} (37) {{/U}}attempts to stop people using it. A U. S. religious group which{{U}} (38) {{/U}}the use of caffeine is generally regarded as eccentric (反常的). But because nearly everybody takes it, the total effect of caffeine{{U}} (39) {{/U}}people is huge. Caffeine is the drug that changed the world. Both tea and coffee were introduced to the West around 300 years ago. The effect of these new drinks was felt {{U}}(40) {{/U}}. In New York, coffee houses were {{U}}(41) {{/U}} with people making plans, {{U}}(42) {{/U}} business and doing deals. And the deals done in the coffee houses were partly responsible{{U}} (43) {{/U}}a rapid increase in American trade. History was moving{{U}} (44) {{/U}}that direction anyway. But the arrival of coffee{{U}} (45) {{/U}}everything up.

单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word "laser" means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot, any source of light -- from the sun itself down to a humble match burning -- will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches, no unwanted damage -- a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.

单选题Where is she going?

单选题Using money as a medium of exchange means that _________.

单选题 Questions 19～22 are based on the following conversation.