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单选题How she wishes she ______more attention to her lessons when she was at school! [A] have paid [B] paid [C] had paid [D] has paid

单选题Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very considerable proportion of the world at large, live. Advertising is indispensable as a means of communicating with others, of telling them about the goods and services that are provided, and of which most of them would never get to hear at all if it were not. for advertising. And advertising is extremely helpful to promote a rising standard of living. In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of a commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes a host of other activities such as packaging, shop displays and—in the sense of communication—even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the resources of advertising are to be found in the market place. For many years it was considered that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the manufacture of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is important that we go out and sell what we have, and advertising plays an important role in this aspect, whether selling at home or in export markets. About two percent of the UK gross national product is relied on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Certainly, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article when purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously exceedingly unlikely that the article will sell well.

单选题Among characters of Leadville's golden age were H. A. W. Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. He went to Kansas in 1855. Perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. So a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. "Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here. " he said. As it turned out, it was silver that was to make Leadville's fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store. It was his custom to "grubstake" prospective miners to supply them with food and supplies, or "grub" , while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value. Finally one day in the year 1878, two miners came in and asked for "grub" . Tabor had decided to quit supplying it for having lost too much money that way. They were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. "Oh help yourself. One more time won't make any difference," he said and went on selling shoes and hats. The two miners took $17 worth of sup plies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the "Pittsburgh Mine, " made $1,300,000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment. Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117,000. This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $ 35,000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieu tenant governor of the state.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 11-13 are based on a talk about birth order.{{/I}}

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单选题{{I}} You will hear 4 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—[A], [B], [C], or[D]. You will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. {{/I}}

单选题{{I}} Questions 14 ～ 17 are based on an interview between a sportsman and a reporter.{{/I}}

单选题 {{I}}Questions 15 to 18 are based on the following dialogue happened in a bookstore.{{/I}}

单选题You will hear 10 short dialogues. Fur each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. Yon will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.

单选题{{I}}Questions 18～21 are based on the following dialogue.{{/I}}

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单选题Passwords are everywhere in computer security. All too often, they are also ineffective. A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess, but in practice people seem to pay attention to the former. Names of wives, husbands and children are popular. "123456" or "12345" are also common choices. That predictability lets security researchers (and hackers) create dictionaries which list common passwords, useful to those seeking to break in. But although researchers know that passwords are insecure, working out just how insecure has been difficult. Many studies have only small samples to work on. However, with the co-operation of Yahoo!, Joseph Bonneau of Cambridge University obtained the biggest sample to date—70 million passwords that came with useful data about their owners. Mr Bonneau found some interesting variations. Older users had better passwords than young ones. People whose preferred language was Korean or German chose the most secure passwords; those who spoke Indonesian the least. Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games. "Nag screens" that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no difference. And users whose accounts had been hacked in the past did not make more secure choices than those who had never been hacked. But it is the broader analysis of the sample that is of most interest to security researchers. Despite their differences, the 70 million users were still predictable enough that a generic password dictionary was effective against both the entire sample and any slice of it. Mr Bonneau is blunt: "An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around 1% of accounts." And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker. One obvious solution would be for sites to limit the number of guesses that can be made before access is blocked. Yet whereas the biggest sites, such as Google and Microsoft, do take such measures, many do not. The reasons of their not doing so are various. So it"s time for users to consider the alternatives to traditional passwords.

单选题Questions 22--35 are based on the following passage.