单选题Questions 18-21 are based on the following passage.

单选题Companies have the legal right to monitor employees'e-mail and instant messaging．Many do, whether they warn their workers or not．Last month the University of Tennessee released the e-mail correspondence between an administrator and a married college president in which the administrator wrote of her love for him， and of her use of drugs and alcohol to deal with her unhappiness．Employers, including The New York Times and Dow Chemical, have fired workers for sending improper e-mail． But the fastest-growing area for Internet spying is the home．SpectorSoft, a leading manufacturer of spyware, at first marketed its products to parents and employers．Sales jumped enormously, however, when the company changed its pitch to target romantic partners．"In just one day of running Spector on my home PC, I was able to identify my boyfriend's true personality,"a message on the company'website declares． What can you expect if someone puts SpectorSoft's Spector 2.2 on your computer? It will take hundreds of records an hour of every website and e-mail that appears on your screen, and store them so that someone who is spying on you can review them later．A new product, SpectorSoft's eBlaster, will send the spy detailed e-mail reports updating your computer activities ffequently. These products keep the people being spied on totally unaware． SpectorSoft has sold 35,000 copies of its spyware, and it has only a piece of a flourishing market．WinWhatWhere, another big player, sells primarily to businesses, but what it calls the"discontented family member" market has been finding VvSnWhatWhere．Many smaller companies have sites that sell relatively crude"key-loggers,"software that records every keystroke typed on a computer． Isn't all this spying on loved ones a little creepy?Not to SpectorSoft president Doug Fowler．"If you're in a committed relationship and you get caught because of evidence online, as far as I'm concerned you deserve to be caught,"he says．Richard Eaton, president of WinVVhatWhere, recognizes that in a perfect world users would reveal that they have placed monitoring software on a computer．But WinWhatWhere Investigator has a feature that allows it to be completely hidden．"Our customers demanded it，"he says．

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单选题Questions 18-21 are based on the following passage about an organization—Heifer International.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}} {{I}} You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at Question 1.{{/I}}

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Smokers who want to kick the habit might soon get help from a product that's being tested at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine: a mouth wash that makes cigarettes taste bad. It could be on the market within a year. The anti-smoking rinse itself tastes rather pleasant. But if you light up within 6 to 8 hours of smoking it, your cigarette will taste like burnt rubber and you won't smoke past the first puff, explains Dr. Sebastian Ciancio, director of the Center for Dental Studies at the University of Buffalo. Ciancio is heading up a pilot study in which 10 smokers, each of whom normally smoke at least a pack of cigarettes a day, are rinsing their mouths three times daily with the anti-smoking solution. Another 10 are getting a placebo. Prior to this study, only the inventor had tested the anti-smoking rinse—a chemist who does not wish to be identified—and a few of his friends, who say it enabled them to quit smoking. And Ciancio has no shortage of volunteers: The waiting list to participate in the study is already full. "People arc desperate," he says. If the pilot study is successful, it will be expanded. Not only might the patented formulation deter smoking, Ciancio adds, but it also appears to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Manufacturing the rinse, he estimates, would cost approximately the same as conventional mouthwashes.

单选题The technology of the North American colonies did not differ strikingly from that of Europe, but in one respect, the colonists enjoyed a great advantage. Especially by comparison with Britain, Americans had a wonderfully plentiful supply of wood. The first colonists did not, as many people imagined, find an entire continent covered by a continuous forest. Even along the Atlantic seaboard, the forest was broken at many points. Nevertheless, all sorts of fine trees abounded, and through the early colonial period, those who pushed westward encountered new forests. By the end of the colonial era, the price of wood had risen slightly in eastern cities, but wood was still extremely abundant. The availability of wood brought advantages that have seldom been appreciated. Wood was a foundation of the economy. Houses and all manner of buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking. Thirdly, it was used as the source of important industrial compounds, such as potash, an industrial alkali; charcoal, a component of gunpowder, and tannic acid, used for tanning leather. The supply of wood conferred advantages but had some negative aspects as well. Iron at that time was produced by heating iron ore with charcoal. Because Britain was so stripped of trees, she was unable to exploit her rich iron mines. But the American colonies had both iron ore and wood; iron production was encouraged and became successful. However, when Britain developed coke smelting, the colonies did not follow suit because they had plenty of wood and besides, charcoal iron was stronger than coke iron. Coke smelting led to technological innovations and was linked to the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. In the early nineteenth century, the former colonies lagged behind Britain in industrial development because their supply of wood led them to cling to charcoal iron.

单选题Jim enjoys ______stamps. [A] to collect [B] collecting [C] collect

单选题Which of the following is the major point of the passage?

单选题Whydoesthewomanwanttoexchangetheshirt?A.Becausetheshirtismadeofwool.B.Becausetheshirtisbroken.C.Becausesheprefersshirtsmadeofcottonandsilk.D.Becausesomecustomersareallergictowool.

单选题In this passage, the author intends to encourage people to ______.

单选题There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil)is creating a "greenhouse effect"--conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature--a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could Create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profit, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the "advanced civilization". Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?

单选题We have heard a lot about the health benefits of tea, especially green tea. It is high in polyphenols, compounds with strong antioxidant activity that in test-tube and animal models show anticancer and heart-protective effects. Good clinical studies are few, however, and although physicians tell their patients to drink green tea, there hasn"t been any definite proof of the value of that advice. A team of Japanese researchers was able to link green tea consumption with decreased mortality from many causes--including heart disease. The researchers tracked 40,530 healthy adults ages 40 to 79 in a region of northeastern Japan where most people drink green tea, following them for up to 11 years. Those who drank five or more cups of green tea a day had significantly lower mortality rates than those who drank less than one cup a day. There were also fewer deaths from cardiovascular disease. But no such association was seen with deaths from cancer. Nor was consumption of oolong or black tea connected with any decrease in mortality. Those teas are easier to be combined with oxygen in processing, which not only darkens the color of the leaves and changes their flavor but also reduces their polyphenol content. Coffee is more complicated. It has received both gold stars and black marks in medical literature. It, too, contains antioxidants, although they are less well studied than tea polyphenols. Evidence for the health benefits of coffee is growing, however. A group of investigators from Finland, Italy and the Netherlands reports that coffee seems to protect against age-related decline in mental capacity. The scientists studied 676 healthy men born from 1900 to 1920 and followed them for 10 years, using standardized measures of brain function. Their conclusion: the men who consumed coffee had significantly less decline in mental capacity than those who didn"t. Three cups a day seemed to provide the most protection. Population studies like those help us form assumptions about relationships between dietary habits and long-term health. We still have to test our suppositions in controlled conditions, and measure the effects of coffee and tea on various systems of the body.