问答题What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? ("It is not the role of law to block innovation.")

问答题Questions 4～6 Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude or nearly nude images of someone they know, according to a survey released on Tuesday. Only four percent of mobile phone-owning teens in that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves, a practice known as "sexting," according to the Pew Research Center"s Internet American Life Project. The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to another person and older teenagers were more likely to have engaged in "sexting." Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative image by text and 30 percent have received a nude or nearly nude image on their phone. Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of themselves. Amanda Lenhart, a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report, said sexually suggestive images have become a form of "relationship currency" for teens. "These images are shared as a part of or instead of sexual activity, or as a way of starting or maintaining a relationship with a significant other," she said. "And they are also passed along to friends for their entertainment value, as a joke or for fun." "The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years combined with a constant connection via mobile devices creates a "perfect storm" for sexting," said Lenhart. "Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and relationships, but their coming-of-age mistakes and transgressions have never been so easily transmitted and archived for others to see," she added. The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive "sexts" containing images of people they know. About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans. Among this group, Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving "sexts" compared with eight percent of teens on limited data plans and three percent of teens who pay per message. According to Pew, 58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17 do. Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to deal with "sexting" among minors and some legislatures have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies to misdemeanors. Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24.

问答题世界兴起“汉语热” 随着国际社会对中国的关注度日益提升，越来越多的外国人开始对中国和中国文化感兴趣，学习汉语的人数也与日俱增。现在，很多国家和地区的高等教育机构开设了汉语专业和汉语课，也有不少中小学开设汉语课。截至20l0年底，世界上90多个国家和地区建立了300多所孔子学院，教授汉语和中华文化。各种迹象表明，一股学习汉语的热潮正在世界各地兴起。 与此同时，来华留学生的人数也在逐年攀升。据统计，1991年在华外国留学生总人数为1.1万人，2000年增加到2万人，2011年在华留学生人数超过了29万。在过去10年里，中国的对外汉语教学也迅速发展起来。为了满足全球汉语学习者的需求，国家有关部门还向世界各地的孔子学院派遣了汉语教师。 汉语是中国各民族共同使用的语言，是联合国正式语言和工作语言之一，又是世界上历史最悠久、发展水平最高的语言之一，有文字可考的历史不少于6,000年。无论过去或现在，汉语在国内外都有很大的影响，具有很重要的地位。 当今世界出现汉语热，一是因为中华民族历史悠久，有着光辉灿烂的文化，对人类进步作出过巨大贡献；更是因为30多年来，中国实行改革开放，综合国力大大提升，与中国打交道、对中华文化感兴趣的国家、国际组织和人员日益增多。学习汉语也就成为深入了解中国的必由之路。 任何语言都与经济和文化分不开，经济和文化发达的国家，其语言所起的作用十分重要。在过去30年间，中国的国内生产总值年均增长9.7%，未来的中国经济还将持续增长。“汉语热”的兴起，表明世界对中国未来发展的预期越来越好。可以预言，随着中国经济的进一步发展和国际地位的日益提高，世界上学习汉语和中国文化的人数还会不断增加。

问答题【听力原文】 Good afternoon, class. I want to start my lecture by telling you a story. Once there was a young woman from Mexico named Consuela, who came to New York to learn English. She got a job at a factory owned by a Chinese. One day as Consuela came to work, her Chinese boss handed her a red envelope. Consuela looked inside and saw 20 dollars. She became very upset and threw the envelope back at her boss! Her boss was shocked. Well, he had given her the red envelope and the money because it was Chinese New Year. And on the Chinese New Year, it is traditional to give money to young, single people for good luck. However, from Consuela’s point of view, he was an older man giving her money in an envelope, which meant that he was asking her for sexual favors. Naturally, she refused to take the money. Now, what does this story show us? It shows that an action can have totally opposite meanings in different cultures. Every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate behavior. And to illustrate my point today, I’m going to give examples from four areas. First, the way people greet each other in different cultures. Second, the way they use names and titles. Third, the way people eat. And finally, the way they exchange gifts. OK, let’s start with greeting customs—First of all, I’m sure you know that in the United States and in most western countries, greetings often involve some sort of touching, such as a handshake, a hug, or a kiss if people know each other very well. On the other hand, people from most Asian countries don’t usually feel as comfortable touching in public. Although handshakes between business people are common, many Japanese prefer a bow, while people from Thailand, normally hold their hands together in a kind of prayer position. So imagine how embarrassing it would be if an American was invited to someone’s home in Japan or Thailand and she tried to hug the host! Now, another behavior that differs from culture to culture is the use of names. Have you noticed that Americans are quick to use people’s first names even if they have just met. For instance, visitors to the United States are always surprised to hear employees speak to their bosses using first names. In contrast, people in most other cultures are more formal and prefer to be addressed as Mr. Brown or Mr. Honda, for example. In addition, in some countries, such as Italy or Korea, people like you to include their title or position with their family names, especially if they're university graduates or owners of a business. Now I want to look at eating customs. I'll talk about the behaviors connected with eating that vary from culture to culture. One of these is the use of utensils. You probably know that people in many Asian cultures use chopsticks but in some countries it’s customary to eat with your fingers. It’s important to be aware of different dining customs. Here is another example. In some cultures, eating everything on your plate is considered impolite. In Egypt and China, you should leave some food in your dish at the end of the meal. This is to show that your hosts were generous and gave you more than enough to eat. However, Americans generally consider a clean plate as a sign of satisfaction with the food. Finally, what I want to mention today is gift giving, which you may think is a universal custom and there is not much variation from culture to culture. But the rules of gift giving can be very complicated. In USA, if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or small item as a present. On the other hand, the Japanese give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone, such as a teacher or a doctor. In the Japanese culture, gift giving is a very ancient tradition and it has many detailed rules. Another interesting fact about gift giving is that many cultures have strict rules about gifts you should not give. For example, never give yellow flowers to people from Iran, which means you hate them!

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问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

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问答题What does the author mean by saying that "public interest defeated the private, and the technologies flourished" (Para. 2)? Give some examples.

问答题随着顾客群体购买力日益增强且越来越见多识广，中国的消费品制造商开始关注品牌建设。最聪明的方法就是从简单的产品广告转变为营销整个生活方式。李宁品牌是中国运动服市场中最大的制造商，作为对Nike著名的“只管去做”活动的回应，该公司刚刚在市场上集中投放了以“一切皆有可能”为主题的广告宣传。它向中国人灌输一种信念，那就是他们确实可以向以往的艰难生活告别了，而未来正充满了无尽的机会。这一品牌的创建人是李宁，他曾在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上赢得3枚体操金牌。李宁作为一个体育英雄的时代也许已经过去，但是其品牌却可以带来更多的荣誉。

问答题国际经济司成立 近日，外交部举行国际经济司成立大会。国际经济司的正式成立，是新形势下外交服务国家经济发展的一项重要举措，此举让中国的经济外交再度引起关注。 经济外交在国际关系发展中发挥着重要作用，经济关系始终是国与国之间的重要关系，经济合作始终是国与国关系的重要纽带。我国历来高度重视经济外交工作，经济外交始终是我国总体外交的重要组成部分，在国家发展和外交全局中发挥着日益重要的作用。 外交部将以成立国际经济司为契机，继往开来，统筹规划，紧扣国际形势的变化，紧扣国家发展的需要，紧扣总体外交的目标，不断推进经济外交工作，努力开创经济外交工作新局面。 外交部将经济外交作为重要工作内容，积极稳妥地推进经济外交工作。成立国际经济司的目的，是为了在新形势下加强经济外交工作、为国家的发展服务。为此，国际经济司将从政治和外交角度参与国际经济合作和经济治理，落实互利共赢的对外开放战略，维护国家的发展利益和经济安全，同时为推动世界经济增长、实现各国共同发展作出更大的贡献。 近年来，随着中国同世界其他国家经济交往程度的深化，国际经济纠纷与摩擦也日渐增多。专家分析，国际经济司成立之后，其工作的侧重点将是协助处理中国与他国的一些经济问题，根据国内经济形势和发展需要，加强对国际经济形势、动向的跟踪与分析，促进经济领域的合作。国际经济司对于以后中国同其他国家进行经济上的沟通，包括协调处理国际经济纠纷和摩擦肯定会发生很大的作用。

问答题For years I have been mercilessly lampooned by friends and acquaintances alike for my unorthodox lifestyle choice of having no TV. In an age of increasingly large plasma flat-screens and surround sound, digital home entertainment systems which accost you the minute you walk into someone"s house, people regularly look at me like I"m either severely handicapped or chronically hard done by when I mention that I have no television. I can see the mixture of genuine pity, raw pathos and sheer disbelief in their faces as they stare at me open-mouthed. To be sure, television is a great invention, if handled in moderation. The composite etymological derivation (from the Greek and the Latin words—literally meaning "to see from afar") tells of a tremendous technological feat who certainly deserves to be applauded. What"s more, if one is discerning, it can be the source of some quality entertainment, instruction and enjoyment. Some of the nature documentaries and arts programmes on BBC 2 are truly fantastic and are well worth the license fee alone. But the sad reality is that young people are rarely discerning and, by dint of poor time management skills, often end up wasting an inordinate amount o precious, never-returning time watching trash, their brains wallowing in a trough of mental lethargy.

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问答题细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对于我来说，可是一年的大盼头了。过年不但好玩，还有好吃的，那气氛是迷人的。年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。 在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，转眼上了小学，继而初中，然后高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容也越渐丰富了：盼有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有一个好爱人……不知不觉，天天踩着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口 的忙碌人了。

问答题America"s population hit the 300 million mark yesterday—at 7:46 a.m. Eastern time, according to Census Bureau estimates. Nobody knows exactly who became America"s 300 millionth citizen. But demographers are summing up the milestone as a turning point that signals several trends to watch as the U.S.—in contrast with Europe and Japan—deals with a steadily growing population. Politically and demographically, experts say, the shifts will begin to have an impact on regions of the country not yet used to the new diversity provided by the influx of Hispanics and Asians, which has already transformed California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and New York. In coming years, Midwesterners, those in the Great Plains, rural areas, and small towns everywhere will begin to deal with the challenges of new ethnic and racial residents, says William Frey, a population expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington. And the country as a whole will begin to be more dominated by a young/ old divide than the current liberal/conservative model that dominates political discourse. "This means we are going to transform the current, red/blue political dichotomy to one where the nation is separated by age ... young vs. old," says Mr. Frey. "The issues of younger generations dealing with children and opportunities for minorities will clash with those of the aging baby boomers whose voters are concerned with issues of aging and Social Security and Medicare," he adds. "Both parties will have to adjust to this new dichotomy." The new milestone hasn"t generated much hoopla. That"s in sharp contrast to 1967, when President Johnson hailed the 200 millionth American, and Life magazine dispatched a cadre of photographers to find a baby born at the exact moment. One reason is that population growth has become controversial, especially in an election year when immigration is a hot-button issue and politicians are wary. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez says the Bush administration is not playing down the milestone, though he had no plans for Tuesday. "I would hate to think that we are going to be low-key about this," he says, since growth helps the economy. While it"s hard to prove that population growth spurs economic growth, the two often go hand in hand, according to experts quoted in the Monitor"s recently published series: "U.S. population: 300 million. " For example: a nation with a rising population can support its retirees far more easily than one with a declining population. That"s an advantage for the U.S., which is virtually the only developed nation expected to grow this century. But population growth has less rosy implications, the Monitor series points out. Some experts worry that the land can"t sustain the extra 100 million people expected by 2043. Another challenge is sprawl, the dominant model of development, which gobbles up forest and prairie.

问答题Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want everything. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants to be reckoned is the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a power out of themselves: and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the restraints on men, as well as their liberties, are to be reckoned among their rights. But as the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon by any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle. The moment you abate anything from the full rights of men, each to govern himself, and suffer any artificial, positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience. This it is which makes the constitution of a state, and the due distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the things which facilitate or obstruct the various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions. The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man"s abstract right to food or medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the aid of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor of metaphysics.

问答题News report: Many online consumers in China will spend more during the Nov. 11 Singles" Day shopping promotion this year than they did last year. In a survey of more than 1,000 Internet users in China this month, 56 percent said that they would spend more on Singles" Day this year. A third said they were likely to spend about the same on the biggest single day for shopping, and 6 percent planned to spend less. Some observers think Singles" Day could catch on globally. Topic: Singles" Day Shopping Spree Questions for reference: 1. Did you do much shopping on Nov. 11 last year? Are there any other times when people would do a lot of shopping? 2. Do you go shopping often? Do you often buy more than you actually consume? Give reasons for your answer. 3. What are the impacts of those shopping spree days?

问答题The American Attitude Toward Manual Labor The term "American dream" is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today? The term "American dream" first appeared in a ramous novel written by Horatio Alger in 1867. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a "rags to riches" story about a little orphan boy who lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination to succeed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger's novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger's novel was published. For one thing, the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one's life may have started out on a smaller scale, in the past, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism. Another, more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic "self-starter," the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends, few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president. This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created a better life for future generations. A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people, especially in the 1960s and 1970s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or other opportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?

问答题上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市，改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华气象。 今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。上海的明天充满希望。

问答题Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual it turns out makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain improving other skills not related to language. This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development. But this interference researchers are finding out isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict giving the mind a workout that strengthens its ability of knowledge acquisition. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.