问答题I know a thing or two about what it"s like when the well paid go on strike, because as a member of the Writers Guild of America—the Hollywood scriptwriters" union—I went on strike a few years back. I recall an awful lot of shouting and dramatics and walking around in a circle back then too. But there were doughnuts, which made the whole experience easier. If you have to picket, it"s best to picket with a chocolate glazed. What there wasn"t—and isn"t, in the case of the Chicago teachers" strike—was a lot of sympathy from the general public. The average salary of a Chicago public-school teacher is about $75,000— well above the national average. Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, the pugilistic former chief of staff to President Obama, offered the Chicago teachers a 16% raise on top of that, but he made the impolitic demands to lengthen the workday and—here"s the trouble—tighten job performance standards. That was enough to send Chicago"s teachers out into the streets and onto front pages all cross the U.S.—a country, let"s remember, where the unemployment rate stays rock steady at about 8% and employee evaluations are a quarterly event. It"s not great optics, as the political fixers might put it, to be marching around, refusing to work, when millions of Americans are begging for a job. Not great optics, either, to dismiss a 16% raise and (slightly) stricter performance standards at the start of the school year. It"s especially tough on Obama—this is his hometown, after all—and the rest of the Democratic Party, which has stood with teachers" unions for decades. The National Education Association is the largest teachers" union in the U.S.—it"s actually the largest labor union of any kind—and major source of money and manpower for the Democrats. It would be so much easier for everyone if there were a Republican around, somewhere, to blame for this mess. Grab a cruller, pick up a sign—REPUBLICANS VS. EDUCATION! or BOOKS NOT BOMBS! —and wait for the compliant media to report that, as usual, the right wing is trying to hurt your children. Instead, awkwardness. A powerful ally of the Democratic Party battling a powerful Democratic mayor in the hometown of the incumbent Democratic President over work rules that any American worker with a job-which isn"t an impressive number to begin with—would find utterly lenient isn"t a great way to enter campaign season. Chicago, for Obama, is off-limits for the duration of the strike. On the day the strike erupted, the word from the White House was silence. This is ugly family business, it seemed to be saying, so let"s keep it to ourselves. But in a surprising display of fleet-footed political sophistication, support for Emanuel came from Republican vice-presidential candidate Paul Ryan. Real school reform is crucial, he said, and he cheered the mayor"s resolve. Emanuel was compelled to issue a twisty pretzel of a statement that can be described only as not ungrateful for the Republicans" support. Hard to do, but Emanuel was trained as a ballet dancer, and he knows how to get himself into complicated shapes. Getting out of those shapes is another matter. The marching hordes of teachers don"t seem to understand all that the Democratic Party has done for them—blocking school-choice movements, saddling charter schools with regulatory hurdles, standing in the way of meaningful and enforceable teaching standards. But the Democratic pols seem equally ungrateful for all the money the unions have poured into their campaigns. It was the same way a few years ago, when my union was on strike. Paralyzed by the battle between whining, entitled screenwriters and ruthless studio moguls, Hollywood shut down and stopped production. Both sides ended up losing. And when a winner emerged, it was... YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. This time, with luck, the movie will turn out the same way.

问答题Small companies can't get the credit they need. Statistics show that a big drop in landing to small businesses in the last quarter of 2012 and conditions that remain tight through 2013.

问答题Paraphrase Sherry Villanueva's statement "we're not sitting around on a fancy deck somewhere with waiters in white gloves." (Para. 3)

问答题越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经意识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎完全转变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

问答题The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die. Our own, our country"s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.

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问答题Give a brief introduction to the argument around technology innovation and copyright infringement.

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问答题{{B}}Sectence Translation{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages {{B}}ONLY ONCE.{{/B}} After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your {{B}}ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/B}} You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题 关于克隆人的争论 自从1997年世界上第一只克隆绵羊多利诞生以后，每年都有不少新的克隆动物问世。最近，美国和意大利两位科学家宣布他们将联手尝试克隆人，用来帮助不育夫妇获得后代。这个爆炸性的新闻一公布，就立即引起了世界各国的强烈反响，赞成者有之，反对者更多。许多国家早就立法或者曾经下令予以禁止。能不能够克隆人、是否应该允许克隆人，越来越成为人们关注的一个问题。 科学界、政治界和宗教界内反对克隆人的呼声非常强烈。他们认为克隆人在技术上成功率不高，其后果是破坏人的伦理道德，给社会造成灾难。 在主流的反对声中，还有一种微弱的声音认为，克隆人的是非需要等待历史来验证。他们认为，克隆技术确实与原子能技术等一样，既能造福人类，也可祸害无穷。但“技术恐惧”的实质，是对错误运用技术的人的恐惧，而不是对技术本身的恐惧。历史上输血技术、器官移植等，都曾经带来极大的伦理争论。而当第一位试管婴儿于1978年在英国出生时，更是掀起了轩然大波，但现在全世界已经有300多万试管婴儿。某项科技进步最终是否真正有益于人类，关键在于人类如何对待和应用它。 然而，多数人对于克隆人的反对立场并没有影响克隆作为一项科学技术的迅速发展。一些科学家认为，克隆人的尝试必将进行下去，人们所要做的是学会怎么去控制它。 今天，人类拥有空前丰富的信息、工具和资源，科学的发展已进入信息时代、核能时代、航天时代和生命科学时代，如何使科学造福而不是祸害人类和地球，是人们应该关注和警觉的问题。

问答题It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, the signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.

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问答题As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world's biggest public-health issue today — the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast. Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.

问答题豫园 位于上海老城厢的豫园是著名的古典园林，距今已有400多年历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40余景，均有回廊曲径可通，亭台楼阁、假山池塘布局精致，有“小中见大”之特色，在有限的空间中创造出无限的意境，完美地展示了宏伟秀丽的景色。 豫园的原主人潘允端曾是明代的一位大官。豫园始建于1559年，但由于资金短缺，时建时停，二十年后才建成。后来，潘家败落，豫园以低价出售，几经易手后与城隍庙合并，成为其“西花园”。1853年，反对清朝政府统治的上海小刀会起义军曾在豫园的“点春堂”设立城北指挥部。现在堂内陈列着当年小刀会的兵器、文告、自铸钱币等文物。 豫园自16世纪后，曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残，至20世纪40年代末，园内景物荒芜殆尽。从1956年开始，在人民政府的关怀下，豫园经过为期五年的修缮，重现其昔日光彩，于1961年正式对公众开放。1982年被列为国务院重点保护单位，是我国南方最优秀的园林之一。现在，每天至少有一万人来此游览。难怪人们说：“到上海不去豫园不算来过大上海。” 豫园前面，有一漂亮的莲花池，池上有九曲桥，桥中央有湖心亭。湖心亭重建于1784年，后改为茶楼。这个上海著名的茶楼深受老年人喜爱，他们喜欢在这里喝茶聊天。 茶楼下面的九曲桥，供游人在桥上欣赏两边的景色，每次转折，都会看到不同的景致。每逢阴历正月十五元宵节，这里都会举行游园活动，人来人往，熙熙攘攘，一派热闹非凡的景象。

问答题Questions 1～3 The greatest impact of LED-based lighting could be in developing countries, where it can be powered by batteries or solar panels. While trekking in Nepal in 1997, Dave Irvine-Halliday was struck by the plight of rural villagers having to rely on smelly, dim and dangerous kerosene lanterns to light their homes. Hoping to make a difference, Dr Irvine-Halliday, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Calgary in Canada, founded the Light Up The World Foundation. The non-profit organization has since helped to distribute low-power, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), at low cost or free, to thousands of people around the globe. About 1.6 billion people worldwide are without access to electricity and have to rely on fuel-based sources for lighting. But burning fuel is not only extremely expensive—$ 40 billion is spent on off-the-grid lighting in developing countries a year—it is also highly inefficient and contributes to indoor air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases. If people switched from using fuel-based lamps to solar-powered LEDs, carbon-dioxide emissions could be reduced by up to 190m tonnes per year, reckons Evan Mills, a staff scientist at America"s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. That is equivalent to one-third of Britain"s annual carbon-dioxide emissions. LEDs are an ideal off-the-grid light source because they need so little power. They can be run on AA batteries, or batteries recharged using small solar arrays. Compared with kerosene lanterns, LEDs can deliver up to 100 times more useful light to a task, besides being extremely long-lasting. All this adds up to a life-changing impact for the lamps" owners, ranging from increased work productivity, more time to study at night and reduced health problems and fire hazards. Several firms are getting ready to tap into this underserved market. Cosmos Ignite Innovations, a spin-out from Stanford University that is now based in New Delhi, India, has developed the MightyLight, a solar-powered LED-based lamp that is waterproof, portable and runs for up to 12 hours. So far, Cosmos has sold nearly 5,000 of its $ 50 lamps to various charities. Another company, Better Energy Systems of Berkeley, California, is testing LED add-ons that might work well with its Solio, a portable solar array that can also be used to charge mobile phones and other devices. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private-sector investment arm of the World Bank, recently secured $ 5.4m in financing for "Lighting the Bottom of the Pyramid", a four-year initiative that will engage lighting manufacturers with pilot projects in Kenya and Ghana. One task is to make LEDs affordable, says Dr Mills, who is a consultant on the IFC project. Households in rural Kenya, for example, spend an average of $ 7 a month on kerosene for lighting. Although the cost of a solar-powered LED lamp over its lifetime is much less than the cumulative cost of fuel, many people cannot afford the initial $ 25 to $ 50 outlay for such a lamp. If that hitch could be ironed out—via microfinance, perhaps—the payoff could be bright.

问答题 Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.