问答题

问答题

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

问答题What does the author mean by saying "all this sound and fury is mainly exhibitionism"? (Para. 1) Give some examples to support the author's idea.

问答题Thirty years ago this week, an American President arrived in China on a trip designed to end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion. President Richard Nixon showed the world that two vastly different governments could meet on the grounds of common interest, and in a spirit of mutual respect. During the 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce. And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of our two countries have gradually learned more about each other. Once, America knew China only by its history as a great and enduring civilization. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship, and honor. And we see a China that is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative societies in the world as demonstrated by all the knowledge and potential right here in this room. China is on a rising path, and America welcomes the emergence of a strong, peaceful, and prosperous China.

问答题Go to the mall these days and it"s hard not to feel as if you"re being messed with, which is why J. C. Penney"s recent not-going-to- take-it-anymore ad rings true. You may have seen it. consumer upon consumer screaming "No!" as coupons flood out of a mailbox, crowds mass before dawn for a Black Friday-esque sale and store windows are stocked with items that are now 62% off. Too bad you bought them at full price, sucker. The ad is staged and exaggerated, but the frustrations are real. To be a shopper—and not walk away screaming—is to come to grips with the reality that unless you are using shopbots and taking on bargain hunting as a full-time job, as some have, you are almost never going to get the lowest price. So when Penney"s newly appointed CEO, Ron Johnson, declared in mid-January that most of the original prices in his store have long been "fake" and inflated, the only surprising thing was that he had the guts to admit it. More surprising. Johnson said he was going to make changes. Instead of facing infinite discounts and promotions—there were 590 different "sales" at Penney alone in 2011—the department store"s shoppers will now see just three price categories. One will represent discounted seasonal items that change monthly. Another is clearance merchandise marked down on the first and third Fridays of each month. But the majority of goods will be offered every day at 40% or 50% less than the prices Penney used to charge. In retail parlance that"s called EDLP, as in "everyday low price". It"s a radical shift for a promotional department store like Penney. The "fair and square" makeover also includes a new logo, store upgrades and in-store boutiques that will feature fewer brands. The big discount chains Walmart and Target have long staked out EDLP, but mostly we live in a promotional, markdown world. And all those Sunday circulars, flash deals and holiday sales events—which seemed more intense than ever last year—have turned shopping into retail combat. According to the management-consulting firm A.T. Kearney, more than 40% of the items we bought last year were on sale. That"s up from 10% in 1990. Penney has been a notorious discounter, with nearly three-quarters of revenue coming from goods sold at 50% or more off list price—whatever that is—and less than 1% from fullprice merchandise. If anyone is equipped to transform Penney, it"s the new CEO. Johnson joined the retailer in November, arriving from Apple, where for the past decade he presided over the computer company"s huge retail success. Apple loves price maintenance and loathes heavy discounting and sales gimmicks. Johnson believes Penney"s customers will appreciate pricing clarity, not to mention sleeping in. "I don"t think customers like having to come to a store between 8 and 10 a.m. on a Sunday in order to get the best price on swimwear," he said. But iPads are not underwear or makeup. "My intuition is that, in the long run, the changes won"t be effective," says Kit Yarrow, consumer psychologist and author of Gen BuY: How Tweens, Teens and Twenty-Somethings Are Revolutionizing Retail. "A discount gives shoppers the incentive to buy today. Without that, there"s no sense of urgency for people to purchase things that, frankly, they probably don"t need." Today"s consumers respond well to transparency, though, and to businesses that admit their mistakes. The success of the Domino"s "We Were Wrong" campaign is Exhibit A. So Penney"s disavowal of marketing games should build customer trust. At least initially, the slashing of all list prices should also boost sales. But what happens when the novelty wears off and nothing seems special about everyday prices? By then, Johnson hopes, J. C. Penney will be a place that shoppers love because they like the merchandise and atmosphere, and they won"t fret about doing better elsewhere.

问答题What does the author mean by "how CEOs are paid—their incentives—matters, for them and society"? Give some examples.

问答题What does the author mean by "that might prove premature"? (Para. 2) Why does he say so?

问答题庐山初识，匆匆五十年矣，山城之聚，金陵之晤，犹历历如昨。别后音讯阔绝四十余年，诚属憾事。幸友谊犹存，两心相通。每遇客从远方来，道及夫人起居，更引起怀旧之情。近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。 环顾当今世界，风云迭起，台湾前途令人不安。今经国不幸逝世，情势更趋复杂。此间诸友及我甚为关切，亟盼夫人与当政诸公，力维安定祥和局势，并早定大计，推动国家早日统一。我方以为，只要国共两党为国家民族计，推诚相见，以平等之态度共商国是，则一切都可以商量，所虑之问题均不难解决。 我与夫人救国之途虽殊，爱国之心则同。深愿与夫人共谋我国家民族之统一，俾我中华腾飞于世界。

问答题我们要创造更加良好的政治环境和更加自由的学术氛围，让人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科学，探索自然的奥秘、社会的法则和人生的真谛。正因为有了充分的学术自由，像牛顿这样伟大的科学家，才能够思潮奔腾、才华迸发，敢于思考前人从未思考过的问题，敢于踏进前人从未涉足的领域。 我们历来主张尊重世界文明的多样性，倡导不同文明之间的对话、交流与合作。我国已故著名社会学家费孝通先生，上世纪30年代曾在英国留学并获得博士学位，一生饱经沧桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，世界大同。”费老先生的这一人生感悟，生动反映了当代中国人开放包容的胸怀。

问答题

问答题Why does the author say that "the film business has been on shaky ground"? (Para. 5)

问答题 The British government says Sir Michael Barber, once an adviser to the former prime minister, Tony Blair, has changed pretty much every aspect of education policy in England and Wales, often more than once. "The funding of schools, the governance of schools, curriculum standards, assessment and testing, the role of local government, the role of national government, the range and nature of national agencies, schools admissions" —you name it, it's been changed and sometimes changed back. The only thing that hasn't changed has been the outcome. According to the National Foundation for Education Research, there had been (until recently) no measurable improvement in the standards of literacy and numeracy in primary schools for 50 years. England and Wales are not alone. Australia has almost tripled education spending per student since 1970. No improvement. American spending has almost doubled since 1980 and class sizes are the lowest ever. Again, nothing. No matter what you do, it seems, standards refuse to budge. To misquote Woody Allen, those who can't do, teach; those who can't teach, run the schools. Why bother, you might wonder. Nothing seems to matter. Yet something must. There are big variations in educational standards between countries. These have been measured and re-measured by the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which has established, first, that the best performing countries do much better than the worst and, second, that the same countries head such league tables again and again: Canada, Finland, Japan, Singapore, South Korea. Those findings raise what ought to be a fruitful question, what do the successful lot have in common? Yet the answer to that has proved surprisingly elusive. Not more money. Singapore spends less per student than most. Nor more study time. Finnish students begin school later, and study fewer hours, than in other rich countries. Now, an organisation from outside the teaching fold- McKinsey, a consultancy that advises companies and governments—has boldly gone where educationalists have mostly never gone: into policy recommendations based on the PISA findings. Schools, it says, need to do three things, get the best teachers; get the best out of teachers; and step in when pupils start to lag behind. That may not sound exactly "first-of-its-kind": schools surely do all this already? Actually, they don't. If these ideas were really taken seriously, they would change education radically. Begin with hiring the best. There is no question that, as one South Korean official put it, "the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers." Studies in Tennessee and Dallas have shown that, if you take pupils of average ability and give them to teachers deemed in the top fifth of the profession, they end up in the top 10% of student performers; if you give them to teachers from the bottom fifth, they end up at the bottom. The quality of teachers affects student performance more than anything else. Yet most school systems do not go all out to get the best. The New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce, a non-profit organisation, says America typically recruits teachers from the bottom third of college graduates. Washington, DC recently hired as chancellor for its public schools an alumna of an organisation called Teach for America, which seeks out top graduates and hires them to teach for two years. Both her appointment and the organisation caused a storm. A bias against the brightest happens partly because of lack of money (governments fear they cannot afford them), and partly because other aims get in the way. Almost every rich country has sought to reduce class size lately. Yet all other things being equal, smaller classes mean more teachers for the same pot of money, producing lower salaries and lower professional status. That may explain the paradox that, after primary school, there seems little or no relationship between class size and educational achievement. McKinsey argues that the best performing education systems nevertheless manage to attract the best. In Finland all new teachers must have a master's degree. South Korea recruits primary-school teachers from the top 5% of graduates, Singapore and Hong Kong from the top 30%.

问答题 Radio's got a problem. Although some 200 million people tune in each week to hear their favorite over caffeinated DJ or catch those crucial rush-hour traffic updates, it's getting tougher to hold listeners' attention. Facing flat revenues and competition ranging from iPods to music phones, the 87-year-old industry is scrambling to reinvent itself. But not even satellite radio or the new HD format addresses this analog medium's fundamental flaw: it doesn't give people any say in which songs they hear. If you don't like a track or a DJ, your only option is to turn the dial—or turn it off. That could change if the pioneers behind personalized radio continue to win over music lovers who are burned out on regular radio but can't be bothered to constantly refresh their iPods with 99￠ iTunes. On websites such as Last.fm, Pandora.com and the new Slacker.com, personalized radio lets you train it to understand your tastes. You can, of course, just listen to the music passively as it plays on your computer. But it's even better when you make it your own, by marking each song as a favorite, skipping past it or banishing it from the station's play list altogether. And despite growing concern about how proposed new royalty fees for Internet radio stations could hamper the industry's growth, on May 23 Sprint became the first wireless carrier to offer personalized radio on its phones. Each customizable radio service has its own way of assessing what you like. Pandora refers to its database of more than 600,000 major-label songs- all of which have been categorized by musical attributes such as voice, tonality and chromatic harmony—then serves up similar-sounding tracks. That can get a little monotonous, so Slacker, which launched in March, uses professional DJs to dream up constantly changing playlists that give you more variety while still adhering to your basic tastes. If you ask for Gwen Stefani, for example, you'll also get the Cars, Talking Heads and Bj6rk in addition to more obvious matches such as Blondie and Madonna. And Last. fm, which is based in London, taps into the collective wisdom of its 20 million users worldwide. For example, if you like Beyoncé, and other Last. fm members who like Beyoncé also listen to Mary J. Blige, then the service will put Mary on your play list as well. Personalized radio isn't just a quirky idea for tech geeks to fawn over and venture capitalists to gamble their millions on. Although its revenues are minuscule compared with the $ 21 billion of the terrestrial-radio industry, more than 4 million people in the U. S. visit Pandora and Last. fm each month, according to comScore Media Metrix. That makes them the fifth and sixth most popular Web radio stations in the country. "It's the ideal middle ground between having an intact experience and being in control of what you receive," says Last. fm co-founder Martin Stiksel. Making personalized radio portable could be the key to its long-term success. "The biggest problem with Internet radio is that it's stuck on the PC," says Slacker CEO Dennis Mudd. "What you really want is this device you can play in your living room, in your car or in the desert walking around." In addition to Sprint's move to put Pandora on phones, SanDisk recently demonstrated a prototype portable player that could run Pandora, and Slacker plans to sell a $150 iPod-like player this summer that can get wireless music downloads from its website. Unlike iTunes, music from Slacker is free. "Most people don't want to pay for radio," says Mudd, who hopes to bring in revenue through audio advertising spots. That model is showing some promise. The overall Internet-radio market brought in more than $ 400 million in ad revenue last year, according to JPMorgan Chase. About half of that came from online ads on websites owned by conventional radio broadcasters like CBS Radio and Clear Channel. "Internet radio, when you tie it in with our business model, I think it works," says Clear Channel CEO Mark Mays, who is beefing up his stations' Web presence with online videos and promotions. Even old-school DJs see the appeal of personalized radio. Elvis Duran, who hosts a popular morning show on New York City's Z100, says he could imagine a future in which listeners wake up to some comedy and conversation from the show followed by three songs tailored to their tastes. But he doesn't expect live DJs to become obsolete. "When people wake up in the morning, it's good to hear some people who are talking about interesting topics and who let you know, hey, the world's still spinning and I can go out there." Good idea. No wonder Apple never built a radio tuner in the iPod. It’s scared of the competition.

问答题西塘是一个具有一千多年历史的水乡古镇，保存完好的明清时期建筑群是其他旅游景点所无法相比的。倘佯古镇街头，游人们仿佛置身于一幅美丽的水墨画之中。河两岸高耸的粉墙和水中清晰的瓦房倒影，还有那在微风里婆娑摇曳的杨柳，似乎都在为这个古镇增添着异彩和生机。 在这个宁静的水镇里，生活的脚步似乎完全听命于那淌着潺潺流水的河流。西塘可以说是水的同义词。这里的河流是那样的蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼，映射出一派宁静祥和的街景。夜幕降临，河岸边数千盏灯笼与晚霞一并点燃，把整个小镇映衬得灯火通明，为镇民们照亮了回家的路。

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问答题十月的上海，阳光明媚，秋高气爽，来自35个国家和地区的1300余名比赛选手参加了在沪举行的本世纪最后一届世界中学生运动会。 世界各国青少年在沪逗留的时间虽然短暂，但上海的风貌和中国的传统文化仍然给他们留下了深刻的印象。无论是参观矗立于浦江之畔的东方明珠电视塔，还是游览静卧一隅的城隍庙，他们都能感受到传统与现代的美妙结合。博大精深的中国传统文化让这些外国朋友感受到的是神秘和新奇，这种认知来自短暂的接触，但从此之后，他们不会忘记；有这样一个民族，生活在世界的东方。

问答题A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface-kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is "birthright citizenship" —provided for since the Constitution's 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States." Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship. "Most Americans feel it doesn't make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen," said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. "But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they'll claim you're punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn't want to deal with that./

问答题传统的中国画，不模仿自然，是以表现自然，是以表现心灵舒发性情为主体的意象主义艺术，画中意象与书法中的文字一样，是一种适于书写的极度概括抽象的象征符号，伴随着意象符号的是传统的程式表现技巧。古代的大师们创造着独自心中的意象及其程式，风格迥异，生机勃勃。 　　后来，多数人惯于对古人程式的模仿，所作之画千人一面。这样的画作一泛滥，雅的不再雅，俗的则更俗。近代中国画仍然在庸俗没落的模式漩涡中进退两难，阿文与当今的有识同行一样，有志标新立异，寻找自我，建立起现代的属于自己的新意象、新格局，且一直背靠着高雅的传统。

问答题我要微笑面对世界。 从今往后，我只因浮萍拐而落泪，因为悲伤、悔恨、挫折的泪水在疝块上毫无价值，只有微笑可以换来财富，善言可以建起一座城堡。 只要我能笑，就永远不会贫穷。这也是天赋，我不再浪费它。只有在笑声和快乐中，我才能真正体会到成功有滋味。只有在笑声和快乐中，我才能享受蔻的果实。如果不是这样的话，我会失败，因为快乐是提味的美酒佳酿。要想享受成功，必须先有快乐，而笑声便是那伴娘。 我要快乐。 我要成功。