问答题

问答题Britain"s top surgeons have warned that new government contracts for junior doctors may accelerate the "brain drain" stripping the NHS of its most talented staff. In a letter urging Jeremy Hunt. the health secretary, to re-engage in talks to avert a strike that could delay up to 180,000 operations, more than 1,000 consultants sound the alarm about the falling number of applications to medical schools and rising dropout rates. Three days of walkout are set to disrupt non-urgent NHS services next month after 98% of the 28,305 junior doctors who took part in a British Medical Association (BMA) ballot backed strike action. Hunt has said the new contracts are necessary to provide a seven-day NHS and that a reduction in overtime rates for junior doctors at weekends would be compensated for by extra basic pay and a cut in the maximum number of hours a doctor can work in a week. He has accused the doctors" union of misleading its members, but the BMA says the government is trying to impose an unfair contract because some doctors" pay would drop. In the past two days more than 1,000 consultant surgeons have added their names to the letter, published today in The Sunday Times , urging NHS employers to "restart negotiations without the threat of preconditions or the imposition of the new contract to avoid further threats of industrial action". It highlights the fact that applications to medical schools have fallen this year and that in 2014, 40% of trainees dropped out before completing their core training against 25% the previous year. Among those who signed the letter is Nigel Standfield, a vascular surgeon and head of the London Postgraduate School of Surgery, which is responsible for 1,400 trainees. He said: "These figures are hugely alarming, especially given the amount of money that has been invested in their training. "The competition ratios for jobs are now so low that we are unable to maintain the high standards required and this is causing immense pressure on the hospital environment." In 2007 there were eight junior doctors competing for each surgical speciality post but now the ratio is just one to one, according to BMJ Careers. Shaft Ahmed, a council member of the Royal College of Surgeons, said hospitals were struggling to fill posts as trainees dropped out or moved abroad. This year 8,026 doctors have been issued with a certificate of current professional status, the paperwork needed to practice medicine outside the UK, against 4,564 in 2008. Ahmed said: "We are seeing a shortage of trainees and if the new contract goes ahead we face an even bigger exodus. Junior doctors have the right to strike but we are urging both parties to go back to the table." Consultants argue the proposed changes would see trainees "paid less to do extra hours, out of hours" and that those who took time out to do research or to have a family would be hit hardest. Stella Vig, chairwoman of the joint committee on surgical training, said: "Female surgeons will naturally take career breaks to have children but the proposed pay structure discourages this." Alistair Burt, a health minister, said Hunt had not ruled out mediation through the conciliation service Acas. He said up to 60,000 operations would be at risk of cancellation or delay on each day of strike action and described the industrial action planned for December 1,8 and 16 as "entirely avoidable". The Department of Health said: "Strike action always puts patients at risk so this blinkered and persistent refusal by the BMA to engage with the government is extremely disappointing." Junior doctors will provide a "Christmas Day" level of service on the first day of the strikes and a full walkout on the second two days from 8am to 5pm. Several trusts have said they will ask consultants to cancel elective work in order to cover emergency care. Dr Kathy McLean, medical director at the NHS Trust Development Authority, said: "We will be working with NHS England, trusts and foundation trusts on plans to manage the impact of industrial action and minimize disruption for patients."

问答题 Graduates from under-privileged backgrounds are to challenge the elitism of the barristers' profession, under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of the rich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among the membership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorer backgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as well as measures to end the "intimidating environment" of the barristers' chambers which young lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates. The increasing cost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has halted progress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. A number of high- profile barristers, including the prime minister's wife, Cherie Booth QC, have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated by white, middle-class male lawyers. In a speech to the Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, Geoffrey Vos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say. "The Bar is a professional elite, by which I mean that the Bar's membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacy and offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind of elitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable." "Unfortunately, however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Bar stands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in the sense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which is barely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds." East month, Mr.Vos warned that the future of the barristers' profession was threatened by an overemphasis on posh accents and public school education. Mr. Vos said then that people from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favour of those who were from a "snobby" background. People from a privileged background were sometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, he added. In his speech today, Mr. Vos will outline the "barriers to entry", to a career at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome. The Bar Council has asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how these barriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultation paper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement programme to enable gifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts and barristers at first hand. The Bar Council is also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favourable terms to allow young, aspiring barristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course year and then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice before they need to repay. These loans would be available alongside the Inns of Court's scholarship and awards programmes. Mr. Vos will say today. "I passionately believe that the professions in general, and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates from any background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. "The Bar has done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities and we must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds."

问答题"Isn't it funny/How they never make any money/When everyone in the racket/Cleans up such a packet. " That Basil Boothroyd poem was originally written about the movies, but it could just as well apply to banking. In its last three years, Bear Stearns paid $11. 3 billion in employee compensation and benefits. According to its 2007 annual report, Lehman Brothers shelled out $ 21. 6 billion in the three years before, while Merrill Lynch paid staff over $ 45 billion during the three years to 2007. And what have shareholders got from all this? Lehman' s got nothing (the company went bust). Investors in Bear Stearns received around $1.4 billion of JPMorgan Chase stock, now worth just half that after the fall in the acquirer's share price. Merrill Lynches shareholders got shares in Bank of America (BofA) which are now worth just $ 9.6 billion, less than a fifth of the original offer value. Meanwhile, Citigroup paid $ 34.4 billion to its employees in 2007 and is now valued by the stock market at just $18.1 billion. All this has reinforced the idea that banking is simply a gravy train for employees. The row over the early payment of bonuses at Merrill Lynch shows yet again that insiders' interests come first (those to BofA staff, however, are likely to shrivel). The case against banks goes something like this. Over the past 25 years, the cost of finance has been low and asset prices have generally been rising. That has encouraged banks to use more leverage in order to earn high returns on equity. The process of lending money against the security of assets, or trading assets with the banks' capital, helped to push asset prices even higher. A sizeable proportion of the profits that resulted from all this activity was then handed out to employees in the form of wages and bonuses. But when asset prices started to fall, the whole system unraveled. Banks were forced to cut the amounts that they had borrowed, putting further downward pressure on prices. The "shadow banking system", which relied on bank finance, started to default. The result was losses that outweighed the profits built up in the good years； Merrill Lynch lost $15.3 billion in the fourth quarter of 2008 alone, compared with the $12.6 billion of post tax profits it earned in 2005 and 2006 combined. In effect, executives and employees were given a call option on the markets by the banking system. They took most of the profits when the market was booming and shareholders bore the bulk of the losses during the bust. What about the efforts made to alignthe incentives of employees, executives and shareholders'? Employees were often paid in restricted stock and thus suffered heavily when their firms collapsed; Dick Fuld, the boss of Lehman Brothers, was a prominent example. Why then were bankers not more cautious, given the risks to their own wealth? There were two main reasons. First, their base packages (pay and cash bonuses) were sufficiently large to make them feel financially secure. That gave bankers a licence to gamble in the hope of earning the humungous payouts that would take them into the ranks of the .9 her-wealthy. The second reason was that the bankers simply did not recognize the risks they were taking. Like most commentators (including central bankers), they thought that the economic outlook was stable and that the financial system was doing a good job of spreading risk. Henceforth two things need to be done. The first is that the trigger for incentives( as we11 as the payments themselves) need to be longer-term in nature. Bonuses could still be paid annually but based on the average performance over several years~ if bankers are rewarded for increasing the size of the loan book, their pay off should be delayeduntil the borrower has established a sound payment record. The effect would be to claw back profits earned by excessive risk-taking. The second is that the banks' capital has to be properly allocated. If traders are given licence to use leverage to buy into rising asset markets, then the trading division should be charged a cost of capital high enough to reflect the risks involved. Impossible, the banks might say. our star employees will never tolerate such restrictions. But if there is ever going to be a time to reorganize the incentive structure now must be it. A threat to quit will be pretty hollow, given the state of investment banking. And few traders will have the clout to set up their own hedge funds in today's market conditions. In any case, the greediest employees may be the ones most likely to usher in the next banking crisis. Better to wave them goodbye and wish good luck to their next employer.1.What does the author mean by saying that "that banking is simply a gravy train for employees" (para. 3) ?

问答题中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不凌弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。今天，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

问答题When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton, because everyone knows that organic is better for Earth. And in some ways it is; in conventional cotton-farming, pesticides strip the soil of life. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story--like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 2,640 gal. (10,000 L) of water to grow enough fiber for one T shirt. Or the possibility that the T shirt may have been dyed using harsh industrial chemicals, which can pollute local groundwater. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T shirt green? Would you still buy it? It's a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer, even as the debate over what is and isn't green becomes all-important in a hot and crowded world. That's because as the global economy has grown, our ability to make complex products with complex supply chains has outpaced our ability to comprehend the consequences--for ourselves and the planet. We evolved to respond to threats that were clear and present. That's why, when we eat spoiled food, we get nauseated and when we see a bright light, we shut our eyes. But nothing in evolution has prepared us to understand the cumulative impact that imperceptible amounts of industrial chemicals may have on our children's health or the slow-moving, long-term danger of climate change. Scanning the supermarket aisles, we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose--and probably couldn't make sense of the information even if we had it. But what if we could seamlessly calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies? Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well? What if we could think ecologically? That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. Using a young science called industrial ecology, businesses and green activists alike are beginning to compile the environmental and biological impact of our every decision--and delivering that information to consumers in a user-friendly way. That's thinking ecologically--understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices. "We can know that causes of what we' re doing, and we can know the impact of what we' re doing," says Goleman, who wrote the 1995 best seller Emotional Intelligence. "It's going to have a radical impact on the way we do business. " Over the past couple of decades, industrial ecologists have been using a method called life-cycle assessment(LCA) to break down that web of connection. The concept of the carbon footprint comes from LCA, but a deep analysis looks at far more. The manufacture and sale of a simple glass bottle requires input from dozens of suppliers; for high-tech items, it can include many times more. The good news is that industrial ecologists can now crunch those data, and smart companies like Coca-Cola are using the information to clean up their corporate ecology. Working with the World Wildlife Fund, Coke analyzed its globe-spanning supply chain--the company uses 5% of the world' s total sugar crop--to see where it could minimize its impact; today Coke is on target to improve its water efficiency 20% by 2012. Below the megacorporate level, start-ups like the website Good Guide are sifting through rivers of data for ordinary consumers, providing easy-to-understand ratings you can use to instantly gauge the full environmental and health impact of that T shirt. Even better, they'll get the information to you when you need it. Good Guide has an iPhone app that can deliver verdicts on tens of thousands of products. Good Guide and services like it "let us align our dollars with our values easily," says Goleman. But ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It's also about our ability to accept that we live in an infinitely connected world with finite resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for millenniums, villagers have survived harsh conditions by carefully conserving every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. "We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts," says Goleman. "Not anymore. /1.Why does the author give the example of buying a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton at the beginning of the passage?

问答题

问答题Statistics show that lawyers are the most depressed of all professionals. Lawyers are always acting on behalf of someone else. Suicide is among the leading causes of death among lawyers.

问答题上海合作组织成员国能够超越彼此在地缘，文化等方面的巨大差异，紧密团结在一起，共同应对国际和地区风云变幻的考验，最根本的一点就是，上海合作组织的宗旨和原则符合各成员国的切身利益。它们是：第一，致力于发展成员国之间的睦邻友好关系；第二，致力于发展成员国在经济、文化、教育各个具体领域的合作，照顾各成员国的利益；第三，致力于打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义，维护地区的和平与稳定；第四，致力于促进建立公正和平文明的政治经济新秩序。这4个方面完全符合成员国的现实和长远利益。因此，尽管在过去5年国际上和本地区发生不少事情，但都没能动摇上海合作组织的基础。上海合作组织显示出强大的生命力，正蓬勃向前发展。

问答题Bluetooth is the newest kid on the technology block, and it holds a lot of promise for the assistive technology industry. Named for a 10th Century King of Denmark who unified the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication specification that promises to improve and increase electronic access to a number of environments by overcoming some of the obstacles typical of current technology. Bluetooth technology will enable devices to communicate and transfer data wirelessly and without the line-of-site issues of infrared technology. So how does it work."? Bluetooth devices search each other out within their given operational range. Unlike devices that are wired together, Bluetooth devices do not have to be aware of the capabilities or properties of the devices to which they will connect beforehand. Bluetooth devices have a built-in mechanism that lets each device identify itself as well as its capabilities as it connects into this new Bluetooth network. This dynamic network does have a controlling device that designates itself as the master for the connection. Its programming and the capabilities necessary for the given task determine whether or not a device can be a master. For example, a cell phone may act as a master device when connecting to a headset, an ATM, or an information kiosk. However, the same cell phone or headset may act as a slave device to the information kiosk, now acting as the master device, broadcasting emergency evacuation information. The cell phone and kiosk can function in either capacity depending on the required function and their programming.

问答题

问答题[此试题无题干]

问答题

问答题 When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point, you decide to buy a T-shirt made from 100% organic cotton, because everyone knows that organic is better for Earth. And in some ways it is; in conventional cotton-farming, pesticides strip the soil of life. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story—like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 2,640 gal. (10,000 L) of water to grow enough fiber for one T-shirt. Or the possibility that the T-shirt may have been dyed using harsh industrial chemicals, which can pollute local groundwater. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T-shirt green? Would you still buy it? It's a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer, even as the debate over what is and isn't green becomes all-important in a hot and crowded world. That's because as the global economy has grown, our ability to make complex products with complex supply chains has outpaced our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet. We evolved to respond to threats that were clear and present. That's why, when we eat spoiled food, we get nauseated and when we see a bright light, we shut our eyes. But nothing in evolution has prepared us to understand the cumulative impact that imperceptible amounts of industrial chemicals may have on our children's health or the slow-moving, long-term danger of climate change. Scanning the supermarket aisles, we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose—and probably couldn't make sense of the information even if we had it. But what if we could seamlessly calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies? Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well? What if we could think ecologically? That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. Using a young science called industrial ecology, businesses and green activists alike are beginning to compile the environmental and biological impact of our every decision—and delivering that information to consumers in a user-friendly way. That's thinking ecologically—understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices. "We can know that causes of what we're doing, and we can know the impact of what we're doing," says Goleman, who wrote the 1995 best seller Emotional Intelligence."It's going to have a radical impact on the way we do business." Over the past couple of decades, industrial ecologists have been using a method called life-cycle assessment (LCA) to break down that web of connection. The concept of the carbon footprint comes from LCA, but a deep analysis looks at far more. The manufacture and sale of a simple glass bottle requires input from dozens of suppliers; for high-tech items, it can include many times more. The good news is that industrial ecologists can now crunch those data, and smart companies like Coca-Cola are using the information to clean up their corporate ecology. Working with the World Wildlife Fund, Coke analyzed its globe-spanning supply chain—the company uses 5% of the world's total sugar crop—to see where it could minimize its impact; today Coke is on target to improve its water efficiency 20% by 2012. Below the megacorporate level, start-ups like the website Good Guide are sifting through rivers of data for ordinary consumers, providing easy-to-understand ratings you can use to instantly gauge the full environmental and health impact of that T-shirt. Even better, they'll get the information to you when you need it: Good Guide has an iPhone app that can deliver verdicts on tens of thousands of products. Good Guide and services like it "let us align our dollars with our values easily", says Goleman. But ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It's also about our ability to accept that we live in an infinitely connected world with finite resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for millenniums, villagers have survived harsh conditions by carefully conserving every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. "We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts," says Goleman. "Not anymore."

问答题In 2014, America"s education system marked an important milestone. For the first time, children of color became a majority among K-12 public school students nationwide. Today schools are crossing a second, more troubling, barrier. The latest figures show that 51% of public school students attend schools in which a majority of their classmates qualify as poor or low-income under federal guidelines. This deepening concentration of economic need complicates the intertwined challenges of equipping America"s increasingly diverse young people with the education they need to reach the middle class and developing the skilled workers the U.S. needs to maintain its competitiveness. Without progress in addressing the hardening isolation of low-income families, school reform alone is unlikely to produce the educational results America needs. Two converging trends are driving this confluence of negative factors. One is the overall trajectory of poverty. When Bill Clinton left office, the poverty rate for children under 18 stood just over 16%. That rose to 19% under George W. Bush and peaked at 22% under President Obama in 2010. The poverty rate is now 21%. However, it is about 33% for both African Americans and Latinos. The second trend is the growing isolation of poor people. In an important paper this fall, Century Foundation scholar Richard Kahlenberg noted that both rich and poor families are more separated from families in other income brackets today than in 1970. Figures compiled by the Annie E. Casey Foundation"s Kids Count project show that over the last decade, the share of kids living in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty (defined as places where at least 30% of the residents are poor) has increased in most major cities—for example, from 25% to 34% in Los Angeles and 29% to 36% in Chicago. These intersecting trends have swelled the portion of kids in schools that also experience concentrated economic need. In 1999, 28% of public school Students attended schools where most of their classmates qualified as poor or low-income—their families earned about $45,000 or less for a family of four. That number has rocketed to almost 51%, roughly 25 million kids. For students of color, the figures are even higher. Nationwide, about three-fourths of African American and Latino students attend majority-low-income schools. By contrast, only about one-third of whites attend such economically strained schools. In the Chicago school system, where 85% of students are black or Latino, the concentration of economic need is overwhelming. In 77 of the city"s roughly 680 public schools, at least 99% of the students qualify as poor or low-income. The share tops 90% in another 388 schools. In only 50 schools do less than half of students qualify as low-income. "You"re a fourth-grade teacher and coming into that door is 30 students from poverty, broken homes, crime and you are supposed to just, on your own, turn that around," Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel told me at a forum I moderated here this week. "That"s impossible." Innovative and tenacious educators can make progress despite these trends. Chicago has developed a creative program of early intervention that has dramatically increased high school graduation rates from about 55% in 2009 to 70% now, with both African American and Latino students demonstrating significant gains. Since 2003, the share of the city"s fourth-graders who score as "proficient" on National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests has tripled in math and more than doubled in reading (though in each case to only around 30%). Gregory Jones, principal of Chicago"s Kenwood Academy High School, a school where two-thirds of students are low-income, says that slightly more than half of their graduates now finish with some college credit. Likewise, across all large cities, African American, Latino and low-income students have posted gains in reading and math since 2003. But the larger trend is the durability of income and racial disparities. The latest NAEP results for large cities found that only about one-fifth of students who qualified as low-income reached the (highest) proficient level in fourth-grade reading or math, compared to just over half of more affluent classmates in reading and nearly three-fifths in math. It"s fair to demand that schools rethink and reform to ensure that the interests of children take precedence over the priorities of the adults who run the system. But it"s unrealistic to ask schools to equalize opportunity alone, without more aggressive efforts to revitalize poor neighborhoods and to help more families relocate to more stable communities. Despite heroic exceptions, any national strategy that hopes to improve schools without improving neighborhoods simply won"t add up.

问答题People do not have secret trolleys at the supermarket, so how can it be a violation of their privacy if a grocer sells their purchasing habits to a marketing firm? If they walk around in public view, what harm can cameras recording their movements cause? A company is paying them to do a job, so why should it not read their e-mails when they are at work? How, what and why, indeed. Yet, in all these situations, most people feel a sense of unease. The technology for gathering, storing, manipulating and sharing information has become part of the scenery, but there is little guidance on how to resolve the conflicts created by all the personal data now washing around. A group of computer scientists at Stanford University, led by John Mitchell, has started to address the problem in a novel way. Instead of relying on rigid (and easily programmable) codes of what is and is not acceptable, Dr. Mitchell and his colleagues Adam Barth and Anupam Datta have turned to a philosophical theory called contextual integrity. This theory acknowledges that people do not require complete privacy. They will happily share information with others as long as certain social norms are met. Only when these norms are contravened—for example, when your psychiatrist tells the personnel department all about your consultation—has your privacy been invaded. The team thinks contextual integrity can be used to express the conventions and laws surrounding privacy in the formal vernacular of a computer language. Contextual integrity, which was developed by Helen Nissenbaum of New York University, relies on four classes of variable. These are the context of a flow of information, the capacities in which the individuals sending and receiving the information are acting, the types of information involved, and what she calls the "principle of transmission". It is the fourth of these variables that describes the basis on which information flows. Someone might, for example, receive information under the terms of a commercial exchange, or because he deserves it, or because someone chose to share it with him, or because it came to him as a legal right, or because he promised to keep it secret. These are all examples of transmission principles. Dr. Nissenbaum has been working with Mr. Barth to turn these wordy descriptions of the variables of contextual integrity into formal expressions that can be incorporated into computer programs. The tool Mr. Barth is employing to effect this transition is linear temporal logic, a system of mathematical logic that can express detailed constraints on the past and the future. Linear temporal logic is an established discipline. It is, for example, used to test safety-critical systems, such as aeroplane flight controls. The main difference between computer programs based on linear temporal logic and those using other sorts of programming language is that the former describe how the world ought to be, whereas the latter list specific instructions for the computer to carry out in order to achieve a particular end. The former say something like: "If you need milk, you ought eventually to arrive at the shop." The latter might say: "Check the refrigerator. If there is no milk, get in your car. Start driving. Turn left at the corner. Park. Walk into the shop." Dr. Mitchell and his team have already written logical formulae that they believe express a number of American privacy laws, including those covering health care, financial institutions and children"s activities online. The principles of transmission can be expressed in logical terms by using concepts such as "previously" and "eventually" as a type of mathematical operator. (They are thus acting as the equivalents of the "plus", "minus", "multiply" and "divide" signs in that more familiar system of logic known as arithmetic. ) For example, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley act states that "a financial institution may not disclose personal information, unless such financial institution provides or has provided to the consumer a notice." This is expressed as. IF send (financial-institution, third-party, personal-information) THEN PREVIOUSLY send (financial-institution, consumer, notification) OR EVENTUALLY send (financial-institution, consumer, notification) According to Dr. Nissenbaum, applying contextual integrity to questions of privacy not only results in better handling of those questions, but also helps to pinpoint why new methods of gathering information provoke indignation. In a world where the ability to handle data is rapidly outpacing agreement about how that ability should be used, this alone is surely reason to study it.

问答题

问答题

问答题 王冕学画 王冕自此只在秦家放牛，每到黄昏，回家跟着母亲歇息。或遇秦家煮些腌鱼、腊肉给他吃，他便拿块荷叶包了来家，递与母亲。每日点心钱，他也不买了吃，聚到一两个月，便偷个空，走到村学堂里，见那闯学堂的书客，就买几本旧书，日逐把牛拴了，坐在柳树荫下看。 弹指又过了三四年，王冕看书，心下也着实明白了。那日，正是黄梅时节，天气烦躁，王冕放牛倦了，在绿草地上坐着。须臾，浓云密布，一阵大雨过了。那黑云边上镶着白云，渐渐散去，透出一派日光来，照耀得满湖通红。湖边山上，青一块，紫一块，绿一块。树枝上都像水洗过一番的，尤其绿得可爱。湖里有十来枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。 王冕看了一会，心里想道：“古人说‘人在画图中’，其实不错。可惜我这里没有一个画工，把这荷花画他几枝，也觉有趣。”又心里想道：“天下哪有个学不会的事，我何不画他几枝?” 王冕见天色晚了，牵了牛回去。自此，聚的钱不买书了，托人向城里买些胭脂、铅粉之类，学画荷花。初时画得不好，画到三个月之后，那荷花精神颜色无一不像，只多着一张纸，就像是湖里长的，又像才从湖里摘下来贴在纸上的。乡间人见画得好，也有拿钱来买的。王冕得了钱，买些好东西，孝敬母亲。 一传两，两传三，诸暨一县都晓得是一个画没骨花卉的名笔，争着来买。到了十七八岁，不在秦家了，每日画几笔画，读古人的诗文，渐渐不愁衣食，母亲心里欢喜。 这王冕天性聪明，年纪不满二十岁，就把那天文、地理、经史上的大学问，无一不通。但他性情不同，既不求官爵，又不交纳朋友，终日闭户读书。