问答题With a high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than an idiot, is a modern phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes are often given up in despair: they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world's greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?
问答题许多专家认为，教学改革的当务之急是要改变现在的课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道“头悬梁，锥刺股，死读书，读死书”。他们指出，教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到，中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是他们对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要在这些方面深入研究，选择合适的内容和方式引导和帮助学生形成正确的观点。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器，而不是准备进入社会的预备人才。
问答题Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
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问答题The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house — all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society.
Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible — indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.
问答题Political and demographic changes within Europe, as well as the United States, also ensure that the transatlantic alliance will lose prominence. In Europe, the E.U. project still consumes the attention of many, but for others, especially those in southern Europe facing unsustainable fiscal shortfalls, domestic economic turmoil takes precedence. No doubt, Europe’s security challenges are geographically, politically and psychologically less immediate to the population than its economic ones. Mounting financial problems and the imperative to cut deficits are sure to limit what Europeans can do militarily beyond their continent. It is true that the era in which Europe and transatlantic relations dominated U.S. foreign policy is over.
问答题Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal ...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part B with the first passage.
问答题太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区，泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。
距市区七公里的太湖梅粱景区是太湖风景之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色，令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处”。
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Some Observations on Doing Business in
China From watching westerners attempting to
work in China, I must conclude that Chinese and westerners are not the same. WE
and THEY think differently. Westerners think in "prose", each sentence or
paragraph following from the preceding. Chinese think in "poetry". where context
or setting determines action. Western thinking is linear,
moving from goals to strategy to tactics. or from overview to details (or the
reverse). Chinese put everything in a big pot, stir well, and serve whatever
comes up. Discussion of a philosophical goal which implies commitment of
millions of dollars may be followed by a question on how some minor component
will be shipped. In negotiations and other relationships,
Americans and Chinese both usually lack sufficient information and cultural
background to emphasize well with each other. Chinese businessmen tend to have
business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct
manner of American businessmen. The Chinese like to take time to learn whether
their prospective business contacts are really reliable.
American businessmen are straightforward, aggressive and pushy for clear-cut
definitions of business terms. They tend to be more concerned about their main
objective than details. But when it comes to a large project, they are also
prepared for lengthy negotiations. The decision-making process of Chinese
companies is generally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese
companies keep to the "bottom-up, and then top-down" principle. Although
Americans have a reputation for making quick decisions, this is not always true
when a corporation is embarking oil a major venture, because many people must be
involved in the decision-making. Americans view relationships
in terms of "rights"; Chinese in terms of "obligations" —to family, to one's
elders, to the country. Contracts are viewed in this light—the relationship
between parties creates obligations. Americans tend to be reserved in relating
to strangers; Chinese tend to be reserved with those whom they have
connections. Chinese perceive Americans don't care about money
and waste it; Americans perceive Chinese don't care about time and waste it.
Chinese often consider capital investment as "sunk cost", a commitment to do
something, rather than a base upon which to earn a certain return.
Chinese hear different things in what is said. They tend to interpret
questions and answer what they thin k you need. Americans tend to answer
questions directly and literally, often ignoring important underlying concerns.
Chinese often ask questions to expose a concern, not to get an answer.
So what? China will be the largest economy in the world
in the near future. No matter what your business, Chinese will comprise a
significant portion of your suppliers, your competitors, your customers, your
bankers and your stockholders or partners. What is happening in China will have
consequences for our entire system。 Today, many American
businessmen are eager to learn more about trade and investment opportunities in
China, especially after its accession to the WTO. They and their lawyers now
understand that they must study the laws, trade practices and culture of China
in order to be more effective in doing business with Chinese trading
partners. China will not become like US. They will be
different. Different than they (or we) are now.
问答题What is the "compromise" supported by Mr. Bush to this situation?
问答题Directions
:
In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part B with the first passage.
问答题 Directions: Read the following passage and
then answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use
only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in
the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Now that my son has turned 13, I'm thinking about writing a
self-help book for parents of teenagers. It would be a sensitive, insightful
book that would explain the complex, emotionally charged relationship between
the parent and the adolescent child. The title would be: "I'm a Jerk ; you're a
Jerk. " The underlying philosophy of this book would be that,
contrary to what you hear from the "experts", it's a bad idea for parents and
teenagers to attempt to communicate with each other, because there's always the
risk that one of you will actually find out what the other one is thinking.
For example, my son thinks it's a fine idea to stay-up until 3
a.m. on school nights reading what are called "suspense novels," defined as
"novels wherein the most positive thing that can happen to a character is that
the Evil Ones Hill kill him BEFORE they eat his brain. " My son sees NO
connection between the fact that he stays up reading these books and the fact
that he doesn't feel like going to school the next day. "Rob,"
I tell him, as he is eating his breakfast in extreme slow motion with his eyes
completely dosed, so that he sometimes accidentally puts food into his ear, "I
want you to go to sleep earlier. " "DAD," he says, using the
tone of voice you might use when attempting to explain an abstract intellectual
concept to an oyster, "You DON'T UNDERSTAND. I am NOT tired. I am SPOOSH (sound
of my son passing out face-down in his Cracklin' Oat Bran)." Of
course, psychologists would tell us that failing asleep in cereal is normal for
young teenagers, who need to become independent of their parents and make their
own life decisions, which is fine, except that if my son made his own life
decisions, his ideal daily schedule would be: Midnight to 3
a.m. —Read suspense novels. 3 a.m. to3 p.m. —Sleep.
3:15 p. m. —Order hearty breakfast from Domino's Pizza and put on loud,
hideous music recorded live in hell. 4 p.m. to midnight—Blow
stuff up. Unfortunately this schedule would leave little room
for, say, school, so we have to supply parental guidance ("If you don't open
this door RIGHT NOW I WILL BREAK IT DOWN and CHARGE IT TO YOUR ALLOWANCE"), the
result being that our relationship with our son currently involves a certain
amount of conflict, in the same sense that the Pacific Ocean involves a certain
amount of water. At least he doesn't wear giant pants. I keep
seeing young teen-age males wearing ENORMOUS pants; pants that two or three
teen-agers could occupy simultaneously and still have room in there for a picnic
basket; pants that a clown would refuse to wear on the grounds that they were
too undignified. The young men wear these pants really low, so that the waist is
about knee level and the pants butt drags on the ground. You could not be an
effective criminal wearing pants like these, because you'd be unable to flee on
foot with any velocity. POLICE OFFICER: We tracked the alleged
perpetrator from the crime scene by following the trail of his dragging pants
butt. PROSECUTOR: And what was he doing when you caught up with
him? POLICE OFFICER: He was hobbling in a suspicious manner.
What I want to know is, how do young people buy these pants? Do
they try them on to make sure they DON'T fit? Do they take along a 570-pound
friend, or a mature polar bear, and buy pants that fit HIM? I
asked my son about these pants, and he told me that mainly "bassers" wear them.
"Bassers" are people who like a lot of bass in their music. They drive around in
cars with four-trillion-watt sound systems playing recordings of what sound like
above-ground nuclear tests, but with less of an emphasis on melody.
My son also told me that there are also people called "posers" who DRESS
like "bassers", but are in fact, secretly, "preppies", he said that some
"posers" also pose as "headbangers", who are people who like heavy-metal music,
which is performed by skinny men with huge hair who stomp around the stage,
striking their instruments and shrieking angrily, apparently because somebody
has stolen all their shirts. "Like," my son said,
contemptuously, "some posers will act like they like Metallica, but they don't
know ANYTHING about Metallica." If you can imagine.
I realize I've mainly been giving my side of the parent teen-ager
relationship, and I promise to give my son's side, if he ever comes out of his
room. Remember how the news media made a big deal about it when those people
came out after spending two years inside Biosphere 2? Well, two years is
NOTHING. Veteran parents assure me that teenagers routinely spend that long in
the BATHROOM. In fact, veteran parents assure me that I haven't seen ANYTHING
yet. "Wait till he gets his driver's license," they say.
"That's when Fred and I turned to heroin. "
Yes, the next few years are going to be exciting and challenging. But I'm
sure that, with love and mast and understanding, my family will get through them
OK. At least I will, because I plan to be inside Biosphere 3.
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A future of temporary networks would seem to run counter to
the wave of mergers sweeping the global economy. The headlines of the business
press tell the story, "Compaq buys Digital"; "WorldCom buys MC1"; "Citibank
merges with Travelers"; "Daimler-Benz acquires Chrysler" Yet when we look
beneath the surface of all merger and acquisition activity, we see signs of a
counter-phenomenon: the disintegration of the large corporation.
Twenty-five years ago, one in five US workers was employed by a Fortune
500 company. Today, the ratio has dropped to less than one in 10. Large
companies are far less vertically integrated than they were in the past and rely
more and more on outside suppliers to produce components and provide services.
While big companies control ever larger flows of cash, they are exerting less
and less direct control over actual business activity. They are, you might say,
growing hollow. Even within large corporations, decisions are
increasingly being pushed to lower levels. Workers are rewarded not for
efficiently carrying out orders but for figuring out what needs to be done and
doing it. Many large industrial companies have broken themselves up into
numerous independent units that transact business with one another almost as if
they were separate companies. What underlies this trend? The
answers lie in the basic economics of organizations. Business organizations are,
in essence, mechanisms for co-ordination. They exist to guide the flow of work,
materials, ideas and money, and the form they take is strongly affected by the
co-ordination technologies available. When it is cheaper to conduct transactions
internally, within the bounds of a corporation, organizations grow larger, but
when it is cheaper to conduct them externally, with independent entities in the
open market, organizations stay small or shrink. The
co-ordination technologies of the industrial era—the train and the telegraph,
the car and the telephone, the mainframe computer and the fax machine—made
internal transactions not only possible but advantageous. Companies were able to
manage large organizations centrally, which provided them with economies of
scale in manufacturing, marketing, distribution and other activities. It made
economic sense to control many different functions and businesses directly and
to hire the legions of administrators and supervisors needed to manage them. Big
was good. But with the introduction of powerful personal
computers and broad electronic networks— the coordination technologies of the
21st century—the economic equation changes. Because information can be shared
instantly and inexpensively among many people in many locations, the value of
centralized decision-making and bureaucracy decreases. Individuals can manage
themselves, co-ordinating their efforts through electronic links with other
independent parties. Small becomes good. In one sense, the new
co-ordination technologies enable us to return to the pre-industrial
organizational model of small, autonomous businesses. But there is one crucial
difference: electronic networks enable these microbusinesses to tap into the
global reservoirs of information, expertise and financing that used to be
available only to large companies. The small companies enjoy many of the
benefits of the big without sacrificing the leanness, flexibility and creativity
of the small. In the future, as communications technologies
advance and networks become more efficient, the shift to e-lancing promises to
accelerate. Should this happen, the dominant business organization of the future
may not be a stable, permanent corporation but rather an elastic network that
might sometimes exist for no more than a day or two. We will enter the age of
the temporary company.
问答题吾生三愿，纯朴却激越：一日渴望爱情，二日求索知识，三日悲悯吾类之无尽苦难。此三愿，如疾风，迫吾无助飘零于苦水深海之上，直达绝望之彼岸。
吾求爱，盖因其赐吾狂喜——狂喜之剧足令吾舍此生而享其片刻；吾求爱，亦因其可驱寂寞之感，吾人每生寂寞之情辄兢兢俯视天地之缘，而见绝望之无底深渊；吾求爱还因若得爱，即可窥视圣哲诗人所见之神秘天国。此吾生之所求，虽虑其之至美而恐终不为凡人所得，亦可谓吾之所得也。
吾求知亦怀斯激情。吾愿闻人之所思，亦愿知星之何以闪光。吾仅得此而已，无他。
问答题中国古代圣人孟子曾说过：“劳心者治人，劳力者治于人”。这句话反映了中国传统文化中人的地位等级的划分，也直接影响了人们对职业的选择。现代意义上的“白领阶层”是让人羡慕的对象，而“蓝领阶层”即使工资较高，仍有被人看不起的压力。 在中国，还有另外一句流传甚广的话，叫做“无商不奸”，认为商人“唯利是图”，与君子重义轻利的追求背道而驰，所以在传统文化中经商是被人看不起的职业。但是，随着社会主义市场经济的发展，从商“下海”已经变成许多年轻人择业时的第一选择。现代年轻人选择职业时，已较少传统的观念，更具有现代意识。
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