问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。 上海男人常被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他们从不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久他会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她总是按照他说的去办。 上海男人，聪明、务实，有时甚至有点圆滑。但最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感而且尊重女性。

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问答题It's a safe bet that the millions of Americans who have recently changed their minds about global warming--deciding it isn't happening, or isn't due to human activities such as burning coal and oil, or isn't a serious threat--didn't just spend an intense few days poring over climate-change studies and decide, holy cow, the discrimination of continuous equations in general circulation models is completely wrong! Instead, the backlash (an 18-point rise since 2006 in the percentage who say the risk of climate change is exaggerated, Gallup found this month) has been stoked by scientists' abysmal communication skills, plus some peculiarly American attitudes, both brought into play now by how critics have spun the "Climategate" e-mails to make it seem as if scientists have pulled a fast one. Scientists are lousy communicators. They appeal to people's heads, not their hearts or guts, argues Randy Olson, who left a professorship in marine biology to make science films. "Scientists think of themselves as guardians of truth," he says. "Once they have spewed it out, they feel the burden is on the audience to understand it" and agree. That may work if the topic is something with no emotional content, such as how black holes forms, but since climate change and how to address it make people feel threatened, that arrogance is a disaster. Yet just as smarter-than-thou condescension happens time after time in debates between evolutionary biologists and proponents of intelligent design (the latter almost always win), now it's happening with climate change. In his 2009 book, Don't Be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance in an Age of Style, Olson recounts a 2007 debate where a scientist contending that global warming is a crisis said his opponents failed to argue in a way "that the people here will understand. " His sophisticated, educated Manhattan audience groaned and, thoroughly insulted, voted that the "not a crisis" side won. Like evolutionary biologists before them, climate scientists also have failed to master "truthiness" (thank you, Stephen Colbert), which their opponent--climate deniers and creationists--wield like a shiv. They say the Intergovemmental Panel on climate Change is a political, not a scientific, organization; a climate mafia (like evolutionary biologists) keeps contrarian papers out of the top journals; Washington got two feet of snow, and you say the world is warming'? There is less backlash against climate science in Europe and Japan, and the U. S. is 33rd out of 34 developed countries in the percentage of adults who agree that species, including humans, evolved. That suggests there is something peculiarly American about the rejection of science. Charles Harper, a devout Christian who for years ran the program bridging science and faith at the Templeton Foundation and who has had more than his share of arguments with people who view science as the Devil's spawn, has some hypotheses about why that is. "In America, people do not bow to authority the way they do in England," be says. "when the lumpenproletariat are told they have to think in a certain way, there is a backlash," as with climate science now and, never-endingly, with evolution. (Harper, who studied planetary atmospheres before leaving science, calls climate scientists "a smug community of true believers. ") Another factor is that the ideas of the Reformatio--no intermediaries between people and God; anyone can read the Bible and know the truth as well as a theologia--inform the American character more strongly than they do that of many other nations. "It's the idea that everyone has equal access to the divine," says Harper. That has been extended to the belief that anyone with an Internet connection can know as much about climate or evolution as an expert. Finally, Americans carry in their bones the country' s history of being populated by emigrants fed up with hierarchy. It is the American way to distrust those who set themselves up-even justifiably--as authorities. Presto: climate backlash. One new actor is also at work. the growing belief in the wisdom of crowds (Wikis, polling the audience on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire). If tweeting for advice on the best route somewhere yields the right answer. Americans seem to have decided, it doesn't take any special expertise to pick apart evolutionary biology or climate science. My final hypothesis, the Great Recession was caused by the smartest guys in the room saying, trust us, we understand how credit default swaps work, and they're great. No wonder so many Americans have decided that experts are idiots.1.What is the "Climategate"? What is the recent debate about global warming?

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLYONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let' s begin Sentence Translation with Sentence No. 1.

问答题 Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1～3 The Chinese doctoral student who breached security at the Newark Liberty International Airport in the United States will appear in the Newark municipal court on the morning of Jan. 28, a court official told China Daily on Tuesday. Jiang Haisong, 28, was arrested last Friday evening by US port authorities and released after hours of questioning. Jiang ducked a security barrier in the airport's terminal C on Jan. 3 to bid farewell to his girlfriend after a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) guard stepped away from his post momentarily. The three terminals at the airport were subsequently shut down for six hours after a bystander who witnessed the incidence notified TSA officials. The shutdown reportedly caused numerous flights delays in and out of Newark, stranding thousands of passengers. Jiang, a molecular biosciences student who is set to graduate in May, had contacted the Chinese consulate in New York on Monday by phone, said Wang Bangfu, the consul for overseas Chinese affairs at the consulate. Wang told China Daily on Tuesday that the consulate is providing consular protection and assistance to Jiang after identifying him as a Chinese national. These include providing a list of lawyers, which Jiang is selecting for his case. Wang would not reveal more details because Jiang had requested for the content of their conversation to be kept private. But Wang said the consulate has been keeping a close eye on the development. Wang did not comment further on the case until final investigation results were out, implying that the consulate will work to ensure Jiang gets a fair trial and his legal rights are fully protected. Under the charge of defiant trespassing brought by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Jiang faces a 30-day imprisonment and a fine of $ 500. But New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg had earlier pushed for harsh punishment, threatening to lobby for severe federal criminal charges instead of a misdemeanor. Lautenberg also earlier mentioned visa revocation and deportation, but has since toned down his comments on the case in the last few days. The incidence has triggered strong reaction among people both in the US and China. A number of these have accused Jiang of a "stupid" blunder. Others have hailed him as a kind of hero for exposing a glaring airport security loophole. While more people on the Chinese mainland expressed their disappointment at Jiang for bringing disgrace to the Chinese community, his American neighbors and fellow colleagues at Rutgers University showed more understanding and described him in much nicer words.

问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。 虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。 上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

问答题European countries are buffeted by two global forces: One is climate change. The other is demography. Both prevalent pressures silently transform societies and the assumptions of public policy. The two have a lot in common. Both are easily recognized but less easily understood. Both are products of complex forces and unobtrusive influences. Both create huge effects from minuscule changes. A rise in global temperature by one degree or a fall in fertility by one point may sound trivial but, over 100 years, will make the earth unbearably hot, or reshape the size and composition of societies. Yet though every rich country has a climate-change policy, few have a population one (there are historical reasons for that). And just as everyone whinges about the weather, but does nothing about it, so everyone in Europe complains, but does nothing, about population. Received opinion holds that "demography is destiny" and that Europe is doomed by its death-spiral population numbers. American observers argue that Europe is fast becoming a barren, ageing, enfeebled place. Vast numbers of old people, they reckon, will be looked after, or neglected, by too few economically active adults, supplemented by restless crowds of migrants. The combination of low fertility, longer life and mass immigration will put intolerable pressure on public health, pensions and social services, probably leading to upheaval.

问答题席卷全球的金融危机，正在给世界经济带来沉重打击，预计今年全球贸易额将下降9%左右，工业生产将下降15%，经济问题将缩减1%～2%，出现60年来最严峻的局面。经济危机考验着各国政府的经济管理能力，考验着人类的智慧。 大亚洲的经济合作，把亚洲各国工业化、城市化进程与发达国家的技术和区域内外的资金结合起来，可以形成巨大的需求。这种需求一变成现实购买力和进口能力，将会对拉动全球经济走出危机影响起到举足轻重的作用。

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问答题古丝绸之路打开了各国友好交往的新窗口，书写了人类发展进步的新篇章。古丝绸之路绵亘万里，延续千年，积淀了以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神。一代又一代“丝路人”架起了东西方合作的纽带、和平的桥梁；不同文明、宗教、种族求同存异，并肩书写相互尊重的壮丽诗篇，携手绘就共同发展的美好画卷。无论相隔多远，只要我们勇敢迈出第一步，坚持相向而行，就能走出一条相遇相知、共同发展之路，走向幸福安宁和谐美好的远方。

问答题News report: The central government decided to cut down on pollution by calling for a Car Free Day last September. Since then, in the city of Kunming, Yunnan Province, the last Saturday of every month is officially "car free", apart from public transportation, police and emergency vehicles, making Kunming the first city in China to adopt this initiative on a regular basis. Frequent vehicle restrictions have triggered debate among the public. Some questioned the legitimacy of this move. Some asked whether confining their cars at home has deprived them of their rights on free use of private possessions. Others complained of China" s far less developed public transportation infrastructure in some areas. Topic: The Car Free Day Initiative Questions for Reference: 1. Do you agree with the practice of Car Free Day in major cities in China on a regular basis? Why or why not? 2. Shall we simply restrict the use of private cars or reduce the production of cars? Give your reasons. 3. Do you have any suggestions for or even better solutions to those traffic and environmental problems?

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问答题Millions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany"s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12.30, or 1% to $1,156.20 a month. "It was a real shock," she says. "My pension had always gone up in the past." There"s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany"s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War Ⅱ—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37.5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners" groups. The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Germany alone. "In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired," says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti: " The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves." Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy—two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U.S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. The rising cost is having serious repercussions on key European nations" commitments to fiscal restraint. "Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority," says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission"s Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs. Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector. Corporate contributions to state pension systems—which make up 19.5% of total gross pay in Germany—add to Europe"s already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers" competitiveness and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41.7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension costs of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year. To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pensions schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today"s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents" pension checks with envy. What does the author want to tell us from the example of the retired bank teller Sabine Wetzel?

问答题1840年以前，中国总以为自己是天朝上国，那么文明，好得不得了，所有的“蛮夷”都是野蛮得不得了，所以，他们都是落后的。这种心态经过鸦片战争(the Opium War)，中国打了败仗，就完全改变了。中国有一批人开始觉悟了，他们在思考中国为什么打败仗呢，是中国的船、炮不行，洋人则船坚炮利。所以，最早一批思想比较开明、比较清醒的人，就提出来要学西方的这个长处。他们提出一个有名的口号，叫做“师夷之长技以制夷”。他们知道中国不能闭关自守，不能总是保守自己的一套传统旧东西，要学一点外来的新东西。

问答题Bosses now prefer to be paid in share options. The average chief executive of one of America"s top 200 firms would take home just over $750,000 in gold. In fact, in 1998 he made a pre-tax profit of $8.3 m by exercising executive share options, which give the right to buy a fixed number of his company"s shares at a fixed price in what is now a rising market. At the end of last year, he also had total unrealized profits on stock options of nearly $50m. But put to one side questions of justice and inequality. Force down the thought that the chief executive"s enormous share options may demoralize the deputy chief executive and make the company harder to manage. Ignore the bleating bondholder, who sees his risk rise as companies borrow to buy back shares to give to executives. The fundamental question is whether share-option schemes are doing what they were designed to do: aligning the interests of managers with those of owners, motivating bosses to do their level best by shareholders.

问答题Why does the author mention Friedrich Hayek and his famous quotation in the first paragraph?

问答题人们通常喜欢听好听的话，一听到拂耳之言就容易产生不悦甚至愠怒。一个人，特别是身居要职的人，要能够心悦诚服地倾听逆耳之言并从中获得智慧，就需要容忍和大度的雅量，而这往往依赖于人们的心性修养和对人性缺陷的克制；否则，就会给善于运用花言巧语和投其所好的人提供可乘之机，并伤害直言不讳的忠诚之人。 在理智上，人们大概愿意接受“兼听则明，偏信则暗”、“忠言逆耳利于行”等一类古老的真理，或者乐于信服老子说的“美言不信，信言不美”的哲理。但在行为上，人们又容易背离这些古训，不愿意听或听不进“逆耳”之言，最终犯下严重的过失。

问答题Radio"s got a problem. Although some 200 million people tune in each week to hear their favorite over caffeinated DJ or catch those crucial rush-hour traffic updates, it"s getting tougher to hold listeners" attention. Facing flat revenues and competition ranging from iPods to music phones, the 87-year-old industry is scrambling to reinvent itself. But not even satellite radio or the new HD format addresses this analog medium"s fundamental flaw: it doesn"t give people any say in which songs they hear. If you don"t like a track or a DJ, your only option is to turn the dial—or turn it off. That could change if the pioneers behind personalized radio continue to win over music lovers who are burned out on regular radio but can"t be bothered to constantly refresh their iPods with 99￠ iTunes. On websites such as Last.fm, Pandora.com and the new Slacker.com, personalized radio lets you train it to understand your tastes. You can, of course, just listen to the music passively as it plays on your computer. But it"s even better when you make it your own, by marking each song as a favorite, skipping past it or banishing it from the station"s play list altogether. And despite growing concern about how proposed new royalty fees for Internet radio stations could hamper the industry"s growth, on May 23 Sprint became the first wireless carrier to offer personalized radio on its phones. Each customizable radio service has its own way of assessing what you like. Pandora refers to its database of more than 600,000 major-label songs- all of which have been categorized by musical attributes such as voice, tonality and chromatic harmony—then serves up similar-sounding tracks. That can get a little monotonous, so Slacker, which launched in March, uses professional DJs to dream up constantly changing playlists that give you more variety while still adhering to your basic tastes. If you ask for Gwen Stefani, for example, you"ll also get the Cars, Talking Heads and Bj6rk in addition to more obvious matches such as Blondie and Madonna. And Last. fm, which is based in London, taps into the collective wisdom of its 20 million users worldwide. For example, if you like Beyoncé, and other Last. fm members who like Beyoncé also listen to Mary J. Blige, then the service will put Mary on your play list as well. Personalized radio isn"t just a quirky idea for tech geeks to fawn over and venture capitalists to gamble their millions on. Although its revenues are minuscule compared with the $ 21 billion of the terrestrial-radio industry, more than 4 million people in the U. S. visit Pandora and Last. fm each month, according to comScore Media Metrix. That makes them the fifth and sixth most popular Web radio stations in the country. "It"s the ideal middle ground between having an intact experience and being in control of what you receive," says Last. fm co-founder Martin Stiksel. Making personalized radio portable could be the key to its long-term success. "The biggest problem with Internet radio is that it"s stuck on the PC," says Slacker CEO Dennis Mudd. "What you really want is this device you can play in your living room, in your car or in the desert walking around." In addition to Sprint"s move to put Pandora on phones, SanDisk recently demonstrated a prototype portable player that could run Pandora, and Slacker plans to sell a $150 iPod-like player this summer that can get wireless music downloads from its website. Unlike iTunes, music from Slacker is free. "Most people don"t want to pay for radio," says Mudd, who hopes to bring in revenue through audio advertising spots. That model is showing some promise. The overall Internet-radio market brought in more than $ 400 million in ad revenue last year, according to JPMorgan Chase. About half of that came from online ads on websites owned by conventional radio broadcasters like CBS Radio and Clear Channel. "Internet radio, when you tie it in with our business model, I think it works," says Clear Channel CEO Mark Mays, who is beefing up his stations" Web presence with online videos and promotions. Even old-school DJs see the appeal of personalized radio. Elvis Duran, who hosts a popular morning show on New York City"s Z100, says he could imagine a future in which listeners wake up to some comedy and conversation from the show followed by three songs tailored to their tastes. But he doesn"t expect live DJs to become obsolete. "When people wake up in the morning, it"s good to hear some people who are talking about interesting topics and who let you know, hey, the world"s still spinning and I can go out there." Good idea. No wonder Apple never built a radio tuner in the iPod. It’s scared of the competition.