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问答题Eating more than 18 ounces of red meat per week ups your risk of colorectal cancer. Its risk also rises by 40% with every three ounces serving of process meat eating per day.

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问答题When I was growing up, I was only occasionally exposed to the criminal classes. And even then it was mostly in a harmless, almost charming fashion. The Internet has changed that. Now I have round-the clock dealings with crooks, charlatans, con men and women of easy virtue. Every morning, I wake up to find an avalanche of solicitations from unscrupulous brokerage houses, shady pharmaceutical firms, mysterious surgeons and crooked lawyers. The Highway to Hell seems to run directly through my PC. Emails from illiterate scoundrels hoping to get my personal financial information are forever pouring into nay inbox. Sorry, guys, but "credit kard" is a dead giveaway that you"re not really from Bank of America. People pretending to be my sister-in-law in rural England try to get me to open attachments that will spread ruinous viruses throughout my computer and ultimately throughout all of society. They also commandeer friends" address books and send me baleful emails begging for money—-fast—because they have been mugged by depraved street urchins and are now penniless in Mexico City, Mozambique or Delhi. And then, of course, there are those tearful missives from deposed Nigerian potentates, imploring me to help them recover their stolen fortunes by parting with mine. I am not saying that my childhood was a Garden of Eden. My Uncle Johnny, who fell in with a rough crowd—the U.S. Navy—when he was 16, was always in trouble with the law. He would get sprung from the slammer every couple of years and stop by the house long enough to drag my dad out on a few ill-advised benders. Then he would do something society frowned upon and gel shipped right back to the Big House. But Uncle Johnny never once tried to enlist me in knocking over liquor stores or fencing stolen goods or pickpocketing hapless tourists, as I was only a wee tot. Besides, there were no tourists back then. I did know a few hoodlums and low-level drug dealers in high school and college, but I did not have direct contact with them on a daily basis. At the factory jobs I worked in college, there was always someone who handled football pools, but he was just a guy who knew other guys who might actually know wiseguys. He was not a wiseguy himself. Sure, there were always a few shady characters who asked me to look the other way while they "boosted" merchandise from the warehouse. But they didn"t ask me to steal it myself; the most they asked was for me to drive the getaway car. Of course I didn"t. I didn"t have a license. Thus I could go long periods having no direct social congress with felons, so long as I stayed out of certain neighborhoods, certain tap rooms and certain friends" houses. The thing I most hate today is that I never see the faces of the people who are trying to rip me off. In college, I knew who the drug dealers were; they always had names like Shelby or Vega the Trip. But I didn"t have to engage with them unless I wanted to. They didn"t do much in the way of outreach. These days, I can"t avoid daily contact with crooks lurking in the technological shadows. Perfectly legitimate Web searches redirect me to sites operated by Moloch and his sidekick Baal. Last month, I foolishly clicked the "Exit this page" button on a pop-up ad offering me a free phone and was redirected to a shockingly graphic porn site. I didn"t get the phone, either. All of which makes me long for the good old days when Uncle Johnny used to stop by the house. At least he was a crook with a human face.

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问答题许多专家认为，教学改革的当务之急是要改变现在的课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道“头悬梁，锥刺股，死读书，读死书”。他们指出，教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到，中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是他们对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要在这些方面深入研究，选择合适的内容和方式引导和帮助学生形成正确的观点。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器，而不是准备进入社会的预备人才。

问答题Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being "poor" won"t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills." That was Bill Gates talking in 1992. Way back then, the Microsoft chairman"s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world." When asked what he would do with his billions, the boy wonder of Silicon Valley used to shrug off the question, saying his long workdays didn"t leave time for charity. But now listen to the same Gates-or perhaps not quite the same Gages-talking in the fall of 2000: Whenever the computer industry has a panel about the digital divide and I"m on the panel, I always think, "OK, you want to send computers to Africa, what about food and electricity-those computers aren"t going to be that valuable"... The mothers are going to walk right up to that computer and say: "My children are dying, what can you do?" Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry"s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world"s ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.

问答题Americans do not go in for envy. The gap between rich and poor is bigger than in any other advanced country, but most people are unconcerned. Whereas Europeans fret about the way the economic pie is divided, Americans want to join the rich, not soak them. Eight out often, more than anywhere else, believe that though you may start poor, if you work hard, you can make pots of money. It is a central part of the American Dream. The political consensus, therefore, has sought to pursue economic growth rather than the redistribution of income, in keeping with John Kennedy's adage that "a rising tide lifts all boats." The tide has been rising fast recently. Thanks to a jump in productivity growth after 1995, America's economy has outpaced other rich countries' for a decade. Its workers now produce over 30% more each hour they work than ten years ago. In the late 1990s everybody shared in this boom. Though incomes were rising fastest at the top, all workers' wages far outpaced inflation.

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问答题技术进步和全球化经济改变了雇主的需求，研究生院正在改革它们的课程，以使学生具有市场竞争力。举例来说，商学院已经制定出新的重点研究领域——电子商务、保健、品牌管理，这些领域能培养学生把理论应用到工作中去。法学院则按常规使学生接触国际法，因为众多的商业交易和各种法律案件如今都是跨国界的。即使最受欢迎的工程师们最终也需要接受继续教育，因此，工程学院正在设置远程教育课程。这样，那些工作着的学生可以利用业余时间上因特网学习。 随着教育机会的日益增多，研究生课程选择便需要自我斟酌并做大量的研究。那些已进入医学院或法学院学习的人显然十分渴望获取学位，但是，他们也需要作出新的决定：选学什么能使他们未来的职业更好。拥有理科博士学位的人因为具备独立工作和解决复杂问题的能力，现在往往被招聘到投资银行业、管理咨询业和制药业；英语毕业生则在出版业找到机会。

问答题 Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1～3 Friending wasn't used as a verb until about five years ago, when social networks such as Friendster, MySpace and Facebook burst onto the scene. Suddenly, our friends were something even better—an audience. If blogging felt like shouting into the void, posting updates on a social network felt more like an intimate conversation among friends at a pub. Inevitably, as our list of friends grew to encompass acquaintances, friends of friends and the girl who sat behind us in seventh-grade homeroom, online friendships became devalued. Suddenly, we knew as much about the lives of our distant acquaintances as we did about the lives of our intimates—what they'd had for dinner, how they felt about Tiger Woods and so on. Enter Twitter with a solution: no friends, just followers. These one-way relationships were easier to manage—no more annoying decisions about whether to give your ex boyfriend access to your photos, no more fussing over who could see your employment and contact information. Twitter's updates were also easily searchable on the Web, forcing users to be somewhat thoughtful about their posts. The intimate conversation became a talent show, a challenge to prove your intellectual prowess in 140 characters or less. This fall, Twitter turned its popularity into dollars, inking lucrative deals to allow its users' tweets to be broadcast via search algorithms on Google and Bing. Soon, Facebook followed suit with deals to distribute certain real-time data to Google and Bing. (Recall that despite being the fifth most popular Web site in the world, Facebook is barely profitable. ) Facebook spokesman Barry Schnitt says no money changed hands in the deals but says there was "probably an exchange of value. " Just one catch: Facebook had just "exchanged" to Google and Microsoft something that didn't exist. The vast majority of Facebook users restrict updates to their friends, and do not expect those updates to appear in public search results. (In fact, many people restrict their Facebook profile from appearing at all in search results). So Facebook had little content to provide to Google's and Bing's real-time search results. When Google's real-time search launched earlier this month, its results were primarily filled with Twitter updates. Coincidentally, Facebook presented its 350 million members with a new default privacy setting last week. For most people, the new suggested settings would open their Facebook updates and information to the entire world. Mr. Schnitt says the new privacy suggestions are an acknowledgement of "the way we think the world is going." Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg led by example, opening up his previously closed profile, including goofy photos of himself curled up with a teddy bear. Facebook also made public formerly private info such as profile pictures, gender, current city and the friends list. (Mr. Schnitt suggests that users are free to lie about their hometown or take down their profile picture to protect their privacy; in response to users' complaints, the friends' list can now be restricted to be viewed only by friends). Of course, many people will reject the default settings on Facebook and keep on chatting with only their Facebook friends. (Mr. Schnitt said more than 50% of its users had rejected the defaults at last tally). But those who want a private experience on Facebook will have to work harder at it: if you inadvertently post a comment on a friend's profile page that has been opened to the public, your comment will be public too. Just as Facebook turned friends into a commodity, it has likewise gathered our personal data—our updates, our baby photos, our endless chirping birthday notes—and readied it to be bundled and sold. So I give up. Rather than fighting to keep my Facebook profile private, I plan to open it up to the public—removing the fiction of intimacy and friendship. But I will also remove the vestiges of my private life from Facebook and make sure I never post anything that I wouldn't want my parents, employer, next-door neighbor or future employer to see. You'd be smart to do the same. We'll need to treat this increasingly public version of Facebook with the same hard-headedness that we treat Twitter: as a place to broadcast, but not a place for vulnerability. A place to carefully calibrate, sanitize and bowdlerize our words for every possible audience, now and forever. Not a place for intimacy with friends.

问答题祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。台湾终必回归祖国，早日解决对各方有利。台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。 当今国际风云变幻莫测，台湾上下众议纷纭。岁月不居，来日苦短，夜长梦多，时不我与。试为贵党计，如能依时顺势，负起历史责任，毅然和谈，达成国家统一，则两党长期共存，互相监督，共图振兴中华之大业。

问答题Almost a decade ago I suggested that global warming would become a "gushing" source of political hypocrisy. So it has. Politicians and scientists constantly warn of the grim outlook, and the subject is on the agenda of the upcoming Group of Eight summit of world economic leaders. But all this sound and fury is mainly exhibitionism—politicians pretending they"re saving the planet. The truth is that, barring major technological advances, they can"t (and won"t) do much about global warming. It would be nice if they admitted that, though this seems unlikely. Europe is the citadel of hypocrisy. Considering Europeans" contempt for the United States and George Bush for not embracing the Kyoto Protocol, you"d expect that they would have made major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions—the purpose of Kyoto. Well, not exactly. From 1990 (Kyoto"s base year for measuring changes) to 2002, global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the main greenhouse gas, increased 16.4 percent, reports the International Energy Agency. The U. S. increase was 16.7 percent, and most of Europe hasn"t done much better. Here are some IEA estimates of the increases: France, 6.9 percent; Italy, 8.3 percent; Greece, 28.2 percent; Ireland, 40.3 percent; the Netherlands, 13.2 percent; Portugal, 59 percent; Spain, 46.9 percent. It"s true that Germany (down 13.3 percent) and Britain (a 5.5 percent decline) have made big reductions. But their cuts had nothing to do with Kyoto. After reunification in 1990, Germany closed many inefficient coal-fired plants in eastern Germany; that was a huge one-time saving. In Britain, the government had earlier decided to shift electric utilities from coal (high CO 2 emissions) to plentiful natural gas (lower CO 2 emissions). On their present courses, many European countries will miss their Kyoto targets for 2008- 2012. To reduce emissions significantly, Europeans would have to suppress driving and electricity use; that would depress economic growth and fan popular discontent, it won"t happen. Political leaders everywhere deplore global warming—and then do little. Except for Eastern European nations, where dirty factories have been shuttered, few countries have cut emissions. Since 1990 Canada"s emissions are up 23.6 percent; Japan"s, 18.9 percent. We are seeing similar exhibitionism in the United States. The U. S. Conference of Mayors recently endorsed Kyoto. California and New Mexico have adopted "targets" for emission cuts, reports the Pew Center on Global Climate Change. All this busywork won"t much affect global warming, but who cares? The real purpose is for politicians to brandish their environmental credentials. Even if rich countries actually curbed their emissions, it wouldn"t matter much. Poor countries would offset the reductions. "We expect CO 2 emissions growth in China between now and 2030 will equal the growth of the United States, Canada, all of Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Korea combined," says Fatih Birol, the IEA"s chief economist. In India, he says, about 500 million people lack electricity; worldwide, the figure is 1.6 billion. Naturally, poor countries haven"t signed Kyoto; they won"t sacrifice economic gains—poverty reduction, bigger middle classes—to combat global warming. By 2030, the IEA predicts, world energy demand and greenhouse gases will increase by roughly 60 percent; poor countries will account for about two-thirds of the growth. China"s coal use is projected almost to double; its vehicle fleet could go from 24 million to 130 million. Like most forecasts, these won"t come true. But unless they"re wildly unreliable, they demonstrate that greenhouse emissions will still rise. Facing this prospect, we ought to align rhetoric and reality. First, we should tackle some energy problems. We need to reduce our use of oil, which increasingly comes from unstable or hostile regions. This is mainly a security issue, though it would modestly limit greenhouse gases. What should we do? Even with today"s high gasoline prices, we ought to adopt a stiff oil tax and tougher fuel economy standards, both to be introduced gradually. We can shift toward smaller vehicles, with more efficient hybrid engines. Unfortunately, Congress"s energy bills lack these measures. Second, we should acknowledge that global warming is an iffy proposition. Yes, it"s happening; but, no, we don"t know the consequences—how much warming will occur, what the effects (good or bad) will be or where. If we can"t predict the stock market and next year"s weather, why does anyone think we can predict the global climate in 75 years? Global warming is not an automatic doomsday. In some regions, warmer weather may be a boon. Third, we should recognize that improved technology is the only practical way of curbing greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of CO 2 emissions originate outside the transportation sector—from power generation and from fuels for industrial, commercial and residential use. Any technology solution would probably involve some acceptable form of nuclear power or an economic way of removing CO 2 from burned fossil fuels. "Renewable" energy (wind, solar, biomass) won"t suffice. Without technology gains, adapting to global warming makes more sense than trying to prevent it. Either way, the Bush administration rightly emphasizes research and development. What we have now is a respectable charade. Politicians and advocates make speeches, convene conferences and formulate plans. They pose as warriors against global warming. The media participate in the resulting deception by treating their gestures seriously. One danger is that some of these measures will harm the economy without producing significant environmental benefits. Policies motivated by political gain will inflict public pain. Why should anyone applaud?

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问答题西塘是一个具有一千多年历史的水乡古镇，保存完好的明清时期建筑群是其他旅游景点所无法相比的。倘佯古镇街头，游人们仿佛置身于一幅美丽的水墨画之中。河两岸高耸的粉墙和水中清晰的瓦房倒影，还有那在微风里婆娑摇曳的杨柳，似乎都在为这个古镇增添着异彩和生机。 在这个宁静的水镇里，生活的脚步似乎完全听命于那淌着潺潺流水的河流。西塘可以说是水的同义词。这里的河流是那样的蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼，映射出一派宁静祥和的街景。夜幕降临，河岸边数千盏灯笼与晚霞一并点燃，把整个小镇映衬得灯火通明，为镇民们照亮了回家的路。

问答题 America: the Land and the People The United States is a varied land—of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone. Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the United States covers an area of 9 million square kilometers. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. A jet plane crosses the continental United States from east to west in about five hours. Taking off from an Atlantic coast airport, the plane is soon flying over the gentle slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, for hundreds of kilometers it crosses the fertile fields of the farm belt of the great Middle West. To the north, on clear days passengers may see the five Great Lakes located between the United States and Canada. Continuing into the West, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country. Soon the snow-topped Rocky Mountains appear in the distance. After crossing these high ranges, the plane can almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific ocean. The United States has long been known as a "melting pot", because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak In the years 1880-1914. Between 1820 and 1980 the United States admitted almost 50 million immigrants. Some 1,360,000 American Indians, descendants of North America's first inhabitants, now reside in the United States. Most live in the West, but many are in the south and north central areas. Of the more than 300 separate tribes, the largest is the Navaho in the Southwest. Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves. Their descendants now make up nearly 12 percent of the population. They once lived mainly in the agricultural South but now are scattered throughout the nation. Hispanics are the largest minority in the US. Today, nearly 15 percent of the US population is Hispanic. Hispanic Americans have diverse roots; they come from 22 different countries of origin, including Mexico, Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries and Spain. They share certain historical backgrounds and cultural traditions—in particular, the Spanish language. In Hawaii, more than a third of the residents are of Japanese descent, a third are Caucasians, about 15 percent are of Polynesian background, and the others are mainly of Pilipino, Korean and Chinese descent. The American people are always on the move—from one part of the country to another, from one city to another, from farm to city. from the city to the suburbs. One in five Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunities, a better climate, or for other reasons.

问答题The Welfare State Every British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay a weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a certain amount. This plan was brought into being in 1948. Its aim is to prevent anyone from going without medical services, if he needs them, however poor he may be; to ensure that a person who is out of work shall receive a weekly sum of money to subsist on; and to provide a small pension for those who have reached the age of retirement. Everyone can register with a doctor of his choice and if he is ill he can consult the doctor without having to pay for the doctor"s service, although he has to pay a small charge for medicines. The doctor may, if necessary, send a patient to a specialist. or to hospital; in both cases treatment will be given without any fees being payable. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they must still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes. During illness the patient can draw a small amount every week, to make up for his wages. Everyone who needs to have his eyes seen to may go to a state-registered oculist and if his sight is weak he can get spectacles from an optician at a much reduced price. For a small payment he may go to a dentist; if he needs false teeth, he can obtain dentures for less than they would cost from a private dentist. When a man is out of work, he may draw unemployment benefit until he finds work again; this he will probably do by going to a Job Centre (an office run by the State to help people find jobs). If he is married, the allowance he receives will be larger. Obviously the amount paid is comparatively small, for the State does not want people to stop working in order to draw a handsome sum of money for doing nothing! When a man reaches the age of sixty-five, he may retire from work and then he has the right to draw a State pension. For women, the age of retirement is sixty. Mothers-to-be and children receive special benefits such as free milk or certain foodstuffs for which only a minimum charge is made. The State pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. There is also an allowance for funeral, for the State boasts that it looks after people "from cradle to grave"! There are special benefits for certain people, such as the blind and the handicapped. The amount of money needed to operate these schemes is enormous and a large part of the money comes not from the contributions but from taxation. It is this social insurance scheme, together with the Government"s determination to see that there is full employment (or as near as can be), that constitutes what we can call the "Welfare State".

问答题Yao Ming, a basketball player now playing for the Houston Rockets in the NBA of the U. S., was selected as one of China"s "National Model Workers", though he doesn"t even work in China. Some people think he deserves the honor, while some have doubts. Topic: Who can be a model worker? Questions for Reference: 1. Some people think that Yao Ming doesn"t work in our country, so he can"t be selected as a "model worker". Do you think Yao Ming deserves the title "model worker"? 2. The whole society is developing rapidly, therefore the standards to evaluate a model worker should be adjusted accordingly. Do you agree? Why or why not? 3. What are your standards of selecting a model worker?

问答题For kids who are exposed to books at home, the loss of a library is sad. But for kids who come from environments where people don't read, the loss of a library is a tragedy that might keep them from ever discovering the joys of reading—or from gathering the kind of information that will decide their lot in life. Jonathan Kozol, for decades an advocate for disadvantaged children, has observed that school libraries "remain the clearest window to a world of pure satisfactions and enticements that most children in poor neighborhoods will never know." Kids deprived of access to good libraries are also being kept from developing the information skills they need to keep up in workplaces that are increasingly dependent on rapidly changing information. The ability to conduct research is probably the most essential skill today's students can have. The knowledge students acquire in school is not going to serve them throughout their lifetimes. Many of them will have four to five careers in a lifetime. It will be their ability to navigate information that will matter.

问答题The popular view when discussing urban transportation in American cities today is to decry its sorry state. Newspaper and journals are filled with talk of "urban transportation crisis," of the "difficulties of getting from here to there, " and so on at great length. 　　Everyone has his own favorite traumatic experience to report: of the occasion when many of the switches froze on New York’s commuter railroads; of the sneak snowstorm in Boston that converted thirty-minute commuter trips into seven hour ordeals; of the extreme difficulties in Chicago and other Midwestern cities when some particularly heavy and successive snowstorms were endured./ 　　One reason for the talk of an urban transportation crisis in the United States today perhaps lies in a failure to meet anticipations. Many commuters expected to reduce their commuting times as systems improved, but instead found themselves barely able to maintain the status quo in terms of time requirements./ Another reason for talk of crisis, almost certainly, is the rate of improvement in the performance of urban transportation systems during rush hours has been markedly inferior to that expected during off-peak hours. Specifically, the ability to move quickly about American cities during non-rush hours has improved in a truly phenomenal fashion.