问答题In an ideal world, there would be no barriers to immigration, just as there are increasingly few to the free movement of goods and capital. It is intrinsically repugnant, as well as inefficient, that some people can travel freely almost anywhere while others cannot. Migrants are usually enterprising people, who enrich their new countries as well as themselves. That is the philosophy on which the United States, in particular, has been built. "Understand what made America," George Bush reminded the Senate this week, as it considered proposals to reform or restrict immigration. In the real world, rich democracies try to manage the flow of immigrants. That is because people, unlike widgets or dollars, bring their own culture and complications with them. The United States, with its long border with Mexico where wages are barely a fifth as high, faces a particular challenge. More than 11m migrants are reckoned to be in the country, illegally, with another 500, 000 entering each year. Four-fifths of them were born in Mexico or elsewhere in Latin America, reckons the Pew Hispanic Centre. This flow has become an increasingly charged political issue, and not just along the border. It has set House against Senate and divides both Republicans and Democrats. To his credit, Mr. Bush has long supported rational reform of immigration law. But in this, he does not command his own party. Opponents claim that migrants get more back in services than they pay in taxes. Most are unskilled and, it is argued, have depressed wages at the bottom of the pile. Some Americans feel threatened by an "invasion" of Spanish-speakers from next door. Most sensitively of all, since the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, Americans are alarmed that their territory can be penetrated with relative ease. Such thinking has energised the nativists in the Republican Party, who sense the issue is a vote-winner in the mid-term election. In December, the House passed the Sensenbrenner bill. This would make illegal immigration a felony, make it a crime for anyone (including their own families) to help illegal migrants, and vote money to build a wall along much of the border. This bill would be not just divisive but even less enforceable than current laws. Its harshness has prompted a reaction, and not just in Mexico. On March 25th, some 500,000 took to the streets of Los Angeles while smaller protests took place in other cities. Note that the demonstrations were bigger than any so far mustered against the war in Iraq. Opponents of the Sensenbrenner bill include an unlikely alliance of business groups, the Catholic church and Latinos. They make several points. One is that it makes no sense to criminalise hard-working families. Another is that immigrants have helped to make American businesses, farms and factories more competitive by doing jobs that natives are increasingly reluctant to do. The Congressional Budget Office reports that migrants have cut the wages of the shrinking number of native high-school dropouts by anywhere between zero and 10%, but that any fall may not be permanent. Latinos do assimilate, albeit more slowly than some other migrant groups. Lastly, el norte is no soft touch: more than 400 Mexicans died last year trying to cross the border. Many senior figures in both parties, ranging from John McCain on the right to Ted Kennedy on the left, favour the kind of compromise espoused by Mr. Bush. In the Senate Judiciary Committee on March 27th, they prevailed. By 12 votes to six, they approved a bill that would combine tougher border enforcement with a scheme under which existing illegals could obtain a visa and, eventually, citizenship. A further 4011,000 visas would be issued each year for new arrivals. This is probably about the best compromise that could be reached, although its passage by the full Senate, let alone a conference of both houses, is far from certain. To make such a scheme work, Mexico"s co-operation would be important. Hitherto, Mexican governments have been unwilling as much as unable to prevent the flow of their own people across their northern border, or of Central and South Americans across their southern frontier. The visa scheme gives Mexico more of an incentive to do so. So Mr. Bush had something to show when he flew to Cane n for a meeting on March 30th and 31st with Mexico"s Vicente Fox and Stephen Harper, the new Canadian prime minister. But the leaders should recognise that faster economic growth in Mexico would do more than any legislative fix to take the heat out of America"s immigration argument. When the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into force in 1994, it was hoped that Mexico"s economy would quickly converge with the United States. That hasn"t happened. In the late 1990s, Mexico"s GDP grew half as fast again as America"s. No longer. China has partly displaced Mexico as a supplier of low-wage manufacturing. Nowadays, Mexico creates decent jobs for only around a quarter of the 800,000 who join its workforce each year.

问答题Just as human history has been shaped by the rise and fall of successive empires, so the computer industry has, in the few decades of its existence, been dominated by one large company after another. Now, at the dawn of the new era of internet services, Google is widely seen as the heir to the kingdom. As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant, the suggestion that "Google is the new Microsoft" has become commonplace in computing circles. Yet there are some crucial ways in which Google differs from Microsoft. For a start, it is a far more innovative company, and its use of small, flexible teams has so far allowed it to remain innovative even as it has grown. Microsoft, in contrast, has stagnated as a result of its size and dominance. It is least innovative in the markets in which it faces the least competition—operating systems, office software and web browsers. More important, however, are the differences that suggest that Google will not be able to establish an IBM or Microsoft-style lock on the industry. In the PC eras hardware became a commodity and Microsoft established a lucrative monopoly centered on its proprietary operating system, Windows. But in the new era of internet services, open standards predominate, rivals are always just a click away, and there is far less scope for companies to establish a proprietary lick-in.

问答题Innovation can come from without as well as within. Apple is widely assumed to be an innovator, locking its engineers away to cook up new ideas and basing products on their moments of inspiration. In fact, its real skill lies in stitching together its own ideas with technologies from outside and then wrapping the results in elegant software and stylish design. Apple is, in short, an orchestrator and integrator of technologies, unafraid to bring in ideas from outside but always adding its own twists. This approach, known as "network innovation", is not limited to electronics. It has also been embraced by companies such as Procter ＆ Gamble, BT and several drugs giants, all of which have realized the power of admitting that not all good ideas start at home. Making network innovation work involves cultivating contacts with start-ups and academic researchers, constantly scouting for new ideas and ensuring that engineers do not fall prey to "not invented here" syndrome, which always values in-house ideas over those from outside.

问答题What does the author want to tell us from the example of Jeffrey Brewer, the philanthropist?

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问答题On Feb. 17, 2009, it could snow all across America. Not outside, but in living rooms, on TV sets. That's the date when broadcasters will switch to digital transmission, rendering millions of standard analog TVs useless. Consumers can avoid this whiteout, but only if they're prepared. And there's the challenge: How to inform the roughly 20 million households relying exclusively on analog sets that pull in their reception for free, through rabbit ears or a rooftop antenna. Analog TVs that receive cable or satellite will not be affected. Consumers who own these sets don't necessarily need to know why the federal government is mandating the change (to free up the airwaves for other purposes, such as wireless and public safety communications-though added benefits are better pictures and more channels). But they do need consistent and unbiased information on what to do and they need to be able to act on it. With fewer than 18 months to go, though, 56 percent of viewers with analog sets have never even heard of the switch. The General Accountability Office, the government watchdog, is concerned that with two government agencies involved, "no one is in charge." The Federal Communications Commission is worried, too. "If we don't do a better job of planning, we'll have one of the biggest outrages Congress has ever seen," FCC commissioner Jonathan Adelstein told US senators last month. The options for consumers are fairly straightforward. Starting with the least expensive one, they are:a) buying a converter box using government coupons’b) subscribing to cable or satellite TV services, which will make the transition on their end, orc) buying a digital TV. But sharing this information is anything but simple. Because it has only $ 5 million to get the message out, the government is turning to the private sector for help with public-service announcements and educating consumers in stores. This partnership makes sense, if done right. Certainly, the broadcasting industry wants viewers to keep on watching, However, there's a danger in their self-interest. Naturally, retailers also want people to buy new digital televisions instead of opting for low-cost converters, and cable and satellite providers want new subscribers. And industry may not have enough of a financial incentive to reach out to certain analog viewing groups, such as the poor or elderly (seniors make up 40 percent of analog households). Other serious issues remain. One is whether the converter boxes will be uniformly available in stores. Beginning in January, households should be able to apply to the Commerce Department's National Telecommunications and Information Administration for up to two $ 40 coupons to offset the costs of converter boxes expected to be priced from $ 50 to $70. But some retailers may not stock the boxes if they don't have much demand for them. And what about recycling analog televisions, of which there are an estimated 70 million? More than anything, what's needed is oversight and coordination of the conversion. Congress should designate one of the two government agencies involved in this project to take the lead, or empower an independent group to oversee the transition.

问答题在改革开放的伟大实践中，我们深刻认识到。在当今世界日趋激烈的竞争中，一个国家、一个民族要发展起来，就必须与时俱进、改革开放、着力发展、以人为本、促进和谐。 世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展道路和发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路和发展模式，必须适应国内外形势的新变化、顺应人民过上更好生活的新期待，结合自身实际、结合时代条 件变化不断探索和完善适合本国情况的发展道路和发展模式，不断增加全社会的生机活力，真正做到与时代发展同步伐、与人民群众共命运。 历史是继续前进的基础，也是开创未来的启示。中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国基本实现现代化，实现全体中国人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走。

问答题中国已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标，这就是紧紧抓住重要战略机遇期，全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到4万亿美元左右，人均国内生产总值达到3000美元左右，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。我们深知，中国在相当长时期内仍然是发展中国家，从中国有13亿人口的国情出发，实现这个奋斗目标是很不容易的，需要我们继续进行长期的艰苦奋斗。

问答题The British public"s vote to leave the EU has set off political and scientific shock waves that could roll Europe and the world for years to come. The decision has dismayed scientists in the UK and across Europe, as it stands to disrupt scientific funding and the UK"s stature in the European and international research communities. The UK could spend two years or more negotiating the terms of its divorce from the 28-member economic and political bloc. In that time, the country will have to work through many difficult questions about what the separation means for scientists and for global science policy. The breakup engenders concerns that the UK could suffer a brain drain, either because their funding suffers or because the loss of the EU guarantee of free movement across member stales causes scientists to lose their status in the UK, or to not feel welcome. The Brexit might possibly cause potential damage to the UK"s reputation as a destination for top-flight researchers. Also at stake is European funding for the UK"s research universities, which totals more than a billion pounds per year. The UK"s departure from the EU may also diminish the country"s role in influencing the union"s research plans. "In almost every area of science now, you can"t be a lone wolf and do it on your own," says Philip Jones, research director of the University of East Anglia. "You have to work with others. And the EU provides that potential."

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part A with the first passage.

问答题中美经贸发展与中美关系 经贸关系历来是中美关系的重要组成部分，也是两国交往中最为活跃的一个方面。自1979年中美建交以来，两国经贸合作虽受两国总体关系影响，经历了一些波折，但一直保持较快发展速度。中美两国经济上的相互依存在不断加强，经贸合作已成为中美关系的稳定器。随着中国深入改革和扩大开放进程的发展，经贸合作在中美关系发展中将发挥更大的作用。 中美经贸联系十分密切，两国已经互为重要贸易伙伴。两国经贸领域的互补性很强，双方可以彼此分享巨大的市场。中美的发展水平、资源结构存在很大差异，在劳动力、资本、技术等方面具有各自的比较优势，因而加强中美经贸合作有助于各自的优势互补。 在中美经贸合作快速发展的进程中，难免出现新的问题，解决这些问题是中美双方共同的长期任务。把经贸问题政治化或采取贸易保护主义的措施，只能损害双方的利益。中美两国应以发展的眼光拓展利益交汇面，实现互利共赢。 中美经贸关系与中美关系整体的发展是一种互动的关系，这就是说，经贸关系的迅速发展可促进整体关系的发展；同时，中美关系正常发展，也可为中美经贸发展创造良好的政治氛围。发展互利共赢的中美经贸关系，对增强中美两国人民的福祉，对推动新世纪中美关系全面健康发展具有重要意义。中美建交以来三十多年的历史证明，在中美关系正常发展时期，中美经贸关系就快速发展，反之，双边经贸发展就出现缓慢、停滞甚至倒退的局面。

问答题Why does the author mention the example of two reporters from the Washington Post and President Nixon in the second paragraph?

问答题 Questions 4～6 A Chinese graduate's record-setting $ 8,888,888 donation to his school at Yale University has stirred wide debate at home. While some say it's up to Zhang Lei to do as he likes, others question why he didn't donate to his alma mater in Beijing. The donation will primarily help build the new SOM campus, while a portion will provide scholarship support for the International Relations Program at Yale's new Jackson Institute of Global Affairs, as well as fund a variety of China-related activities at the university. Opinions at home have been split in online forums since the story broke a few days ago. On pinggu, org, a forum run by Renmin University of China where Zhang was enrolled as a student of International Finance in 1989, netizens including alumni of the university have taken sides. Some asked why Zhang, who graduated from Yale less than 10 years ago, chose an overseas institution rather than his Chinese university for the donation. But a larger group of online users voiced support for Zhang's move and said there is still room for improvement regarding management of universities in China. A prominent analyst urged people to be more tolerant toward the donation. "We should look at this news from an international standpoint," said Chi Fulin, professor and president of China Institute for Development and Reform. Chi said although Yale is the recipient of the fund, the donation will also benefit China. "It will promote more Sino-US exchange programs, and more Chinese will be involved in these exchanges." He said that China also has received a lot of support and funding from overseas donors, and Zhang's move should be regarded with "respect, understanding and encouragement". In terms of cultural and educational exchanges between China and the United States, financial aid provided by the US government is rather limited, and a larger part of it comes from non-government organizations. "China should also try to attract more donations through such channels in the future," he said. According to Yale's website, the SOM graduate was born in Central China in 1972. At the age of 17 he scored the highest in the university entrance exam out of about 100,000 students in his province before being enrolled by Renmin University. Zhang said Yale changed his life and taught him the spirit of giving. In his profile he wrote: "Yale has been helping China for more than 100 years. Many Chinese leaders were educated at Yale. But the relationship has been one-way for too long and I want to help change that. " Zhang, who graduated from the Yale School of Management in 2002, worked for the Yale Investments Office. In 2005, Zhang founded Hillhouse Capital Management Ltd, a Beijing-based investment fund that manages $ 2.5 billion.

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问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part B with the first passage.

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.