问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题越来越多的中国人发现，每天挤时间看书越来越困难。而在过去10年中，中国的互联网用户数量激增，这表明人们的阅读习惯正在发生巨大变化。 专家将这一趋势归因于当今社会鼓励一夜成名或快速成功的社会价值观，而摒弃了过去的那种靠勤奋努力获得成功的观念。在当今的读图时代，人们更喜欢新奇的、带有视觉冲击的东西。然而，书集聚了知识的精华，这仅靠在互联网上浏览“速食”信息是无法得来的。

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问答题Paraphrase the sentence "Politics is at its most invigorating when it's cacophonous and chaotic". (Para. 4)

问答题[此试题无题干]

问答题On Apr. 27, the Dean of Duke"s business school had the unfortunate task of announcing that nearly 10% of the Class of 2008 had been caught cheating on a take-home final exam. The scandal, which has cast yet another pall over the leafy, Gothic campus, is already going down as the biggest episode of alleged student deception in the business school"s history. Almost immediately, the questions started swirling. The accused MBAs were, on average, 29 years old. They were the cut-and-paste generation, the champions of Linux. Before going to the business school, they worked in corporations for an average of six years. They did so at a time when their bosses were trumpeting the brave new world of open source, where one"s ability to aggregate (or rip off) other people"s intellectual property was touted as a crucial competitive advantage. It"s easy to imagine the explanations these MBAs, who are mulling an appeal, might come up with. Teaming up on a take-home exam: That"s not academic fraud, it"s postmodern learning, wiki style. Text-messaging exam answers or downloading essays onto iPods: That"s simply a wise use of technology. One can understand the confusion. This is a generation that came of age nabbing music off Napster and watching bootlegged Hollywood blockbusters in their dorm rooms. "What do you mean?" you can almost hear them saying. "We"re not supposed to share?" That"s not to say that university administrators should ignore unethical behavior, if it in fact occurred. But in this wired world, maybe the very notion of what constitutes cheating has to be reevaluated. The scandal at Duke points to how much the world has changed, and how academia and corporations are confused about it all, sending split messages. We"re told it"s all about teamwork and shared information. But then we" re graded and ranked as individuals. We assess everybody as single entities. But then we plop them into an interdependent world and tell them their success hinges on creative collaboration. The new culture of shared information is vastly different from the old, where hoarding information was power. But professors—and bosses, for that matter—need to be able to test individual ability. For all the talk about workforce teamwork, there are plenty of times when a person is on his or her own, arguing a case, preparing a profit and loss statement, or writing a research report. Still, many believe that a rethinking of the assessment process is in store. The Stanford University Design School, for example, is so collaborative that "it would be impossible to cheat," says D-school professor Robert I. Sutton. "If you found somebody to help you write an exam, in our view that"s a sign of an inventive person who gets stuff done. If you found someone to do work for free who was committed to open source, we"d say, "Wow, that was smart." One group of students got the police to help them with a school project to build a roundabout where there were a lot of bike accidents. Is that cheating?" That"s food for thought at a time when learning is becoming more and more of a social process embedded in a larger network. This is in no way a pass on those who consciously break the rules. With countries aping American business practices, a backlash against an ethically rudderless culture can"t happen soon enough. But the saga at Duke raises an interesting question. In the age of Twitter, a social network that keeps users in constant streaming contact with one another, what is cheating?

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问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子欢心，避免矛盾，一家人其乐融融。从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。 上海男人常被戏谑为“妻管严”。但他们从不屈从于妻子，当发生争吵时，他们总是保持沉默，要么一笑置之。但他们有时也会生气，但事后不久他们会毫不犹豫道歉。最终妻子发现，她总是按照他说的去办。 上海男人，聪明、务实，有时甚至有点圆滑。但最印象深刻的，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题Twenty-plus days of intensive training in China has helped a Chinese girl studying in a California high school to get into her dream university. She has achieved the full score of 1,600 in her SAT tests in the US That Chinese education methods have dealt well with the SAT test can only prove one thing: Chinese students have an outstanding ability to memorize things by rote and excellent skills in answering test questions. Topic: How to generate qualified students? Questions for Reference: 1. Have you ever attended or will you attend an evening class to be trained so as to pass a certain exam? What do you think of those evening classes? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of intensive training classes? 3. How do you think of the current educational system in China?

问答题There is a growing number of economists who believe today"s brutally tough labor market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect of meaningful raises. The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both the Internet and giant retailers led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.

问答题中国的对外开放 实行对外开放，是中国推进现代化建设的一项重大决策，也是中国一项长期的基本国策。 三十年来，中国全方位对外开放的格局已基本形成，开放型经济迅速发展。中国同世界各国各地区的经济技术交流与合作广泛开展。这不仅对中国的经济社会发展发挥了有力的推动作用，也为各国各地区企业到中国寻找商机、进行合作创造了有利条件。 当今世界，任何国家都难以在封闭的状态下得到发展。中国将坚定不移地实行对外开放政策，有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、公平、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。 中国的发展离不开世界，同样世界的繁荣需要中国。中国顺应经济全球化的发展趋势，坚持在更大范围、更广领域和更高层次上参与国际经济技犬合作，积极推动经济全球化向有利于各国共同繁荣的方向发展。互利共赢是当今国际贸易发展的主流。中国坚持实行互利共赢的对外开放战略，坚持在平等、互利、互惠的基础上同世界各国发展经贸关系，不断为全球贸易持续增长作出贡献。

问答题Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as a the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. 　　And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. 　　The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education.

问答题第三题是例子功能题。定位在最后一段的结尾。考生基本上总结出最后一段的内容即可。

问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. There's a time bomb ticking in America's private pension system. Although the airline industry's hefty $32 billion in unfunded pensions has captured headlines in recent months, the problem extends much further. Automotive companies, for instance, have about $60 billion in pension shortfalls. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. says U.S. pension underfunding at large companies grew 27% last year, to $354 billion. The deficit for all companies was a staggering $450 billion. Compare that with a total shortfall of less than $50 billion in 2000, and it's clear that this fast-growing crisis must be addressed while the PBGC—already facing a $23 billion deficit after taking over terminated plans from the likes of Bethlehem Steel and United Airlines—can still shoulder the burden. If this all sounds a bit familiar, it should. In the 1980s, the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corp., the government-sponsored insurance fund for the thrift industry, watched as the nation's S&Ls fell victim to a toxic brew of skyrocketing interest rates, lax oversight, imprudent lending, and outright fraud. The feds stepped in and the government eventually led a $223 billion (in today's dollars) bailout of the industry. One reason the taxpayer tab was so high was that the government was slow to react. That's why Washington should get serious about a pension fix now. First, Congress must bring some sanity to the bedlam of pension contribution rules. Now, companies can be technically current in funding while owing billions in shortfalls, and they can increase benefits even when they haven't funded existing promises. For example, Bethlehem Steel's pension plan was 84% funded on a current-liability basis, but only 45% funded when all termination costs were tallied—with a shortfall of $4.3 billion when the company finally handed its plan over to the PBGC in 2002. Yet because of various loopholes, Bethlehem wasn't required to make any catch-up contributions for years prior to its plan termination and even avoided making any cash contributions in the three years before it ditched the plan. United Airlines' record was even worse. It wasn't required to make cash contributions to its pilot pension plan from 2000 to 2004, even though that plan was $3 billion in arrears. United's employee plans were technically fully funded on a current account basis, but only 41% funded at termination." United dumped all its plans on the PBGC earlier this spring for a total shortfall of $9.8 billion—of which the PBGC is on the hook to pay $6.6 billion. To prevent similar abuse of the system, rules are needed that extend tax incentives to companies that prefund pensions when they are financially flush but set tougher timetables for making up shortfalls later. Second, Congress needs to sharply increase the premiums the PBGC can charge underfunded plans. Today there is little difference between what is paid by companies that have adequately funded their plans and those that haven't. Instead, the PBGC should be allowed to charge higher premiums to companies with shaky finances or large unfunded liabilities. Risk-adjusted pricing is already commonplace in financial products such as mortgages, where buyers who put up higher downpayments on their homes get cheaper rates, and car insurance, where bad drivers pay more. It's also used by federal bank insurers for setting deposit insurance rates. So applying risk-based pricing to pension insurance premiums isn't exactly revolutionary. But it's unpopular with many weak companies and with labor groups that fear employers will simply stop offering defined-benefit pensions if premiums get higher. Yet that argument may already be academic. The number of workers covered by such pensions has been dropping for at least 20 years as employers have shifted toward often cheaper 401 (k)-type plans. Thus, Congress' first priority should be to force companies to fully fund their pensions over the next few years—lessening the hit taxpayers could shoulder if the PBGC becomes overwhelmed with underfunded plans later. Finally, Congress must act to ensure that all workers receive timely, understandable information detailing whether their pension plans are adequately funded. Under current laws, the PBGC receives financial information on the most risky underfunded plans fairly early, but cannot disclose it. Instead, companies can take up to 30 months to report plan finances publicly—often too late for workers to press for more responsible pension management. Greater transparency will also give employees a reality check when companies offer meaningless benefits that they can't realistically afford. Indeed, the sooner more light is cast on the festering pension mess, the better for workers—and taxpayers.

问答题In the coming decades, Europe"s influence on affairs beyond its borders will be sharply limited, and it is in other regions, not Europe, that the 21st century will be most clearly forged and defined. Certainly, one reason for NATO"s increasing marginalization stems from the behavior of its European members. With NATO, critical decisions are still made nationally; much of the talk about a common defense policy remains just that—talk. There is little specialization or coordination. Missing as well are many of the logistical and intelligence assets needed to project military force on distant battlefields. With the Cold War and the Soviet threat a distant memory, there is little political willingness, on a country-by-country basis, to provide adequate public funds to the military. Political and demographic changes within Europe, as well as the United States, also ensure that the transatlantic alliance will lose prominence. In Europe, the E.U. project still consumes the attention of many, but for others, especially those in-southern Europe facing unsustainable fiscal shortfalls, domestic economic turmoil takes precedence. No doubt, Europe"s security challenges are geographically, politically and psychologically less immediate to the population than its economic ones. Mounting financial problems and the imperative to cut deficits are sure to limit what Europeans can do militarily beyond their continent. It is true that the era in which Europe and transatlantic relations dominated U.S. foreign policy is over.

问答题How does a daughter begin to thank her mother for life itself? For the love, patience and just plain hard work that go into raising a child? For running after a toddler, for understanding a moody teenager, for tolerating a college student who thinks she knows everything? For waiting for the day when a daughter realizes bow wise her mother really is? How does a grown woman thank a mother for continuing to be a mother? For being ready with advice(when asked)or remaining silent when it is most appreciated? For not saying, "I told you so" when she could have uttered these words dozens of times? For being essentially herself—loving, thoughtful, patient, and forgiving? I don"t know how, dear God, except to ask you to bless her as richly as she deserves and to help me live up to the example she has set. I pray that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother looks in mine.

问答题人生能有几回搏!生命有限，竞技生命更是短暂的。运动员比任何人更深刻地认识到时光易逝机会难得。他会珍惜并利用每一分钟，抓住任何一个机会。他付出许多，也得到许多，不仅为自己，也为祖国赢得荣誉。 参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现在弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现在强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说竞技者终究会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个强者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。

问答题The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation. 　　As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. 　　Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible. The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.