填空题In our looks-obsessed society, many people think that being overweight is an appearance issue. But being overweight is actually 1 because it can seriously affect a person"s health. What is overweight? When people keep up a pattern of eating more calories than they burn, more and more 2 in their bodies. Eventually, the body gets to a point where the amount of body fat can 3 on a person"s health. Doctors use the terms "overweight" or "obese" to describe when someone is 4 of developing weight-related health problems. As you"ve probably heard, 5 today than ever before. Experts are calling this 6 . This health problem affects young people as well as adults—one third of all kids between 7 are overweight or obese. So younger people are now developing health problems that 8 , like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and 9 . Obesity tends to run in families. Some people have 10 more easily than others because they burn calories more slowly. During times when 11 , this was a real advantage. But now that food is available in most industrialized countries, 12 that once ensured our survival now works to our disadvantage. Although genes strongly 13 , the environment also plays a rote. People today may be gaining weight because of 14 , like fast food, and family habits, like eating in front of the television instead of around a table. 15 snacks and beverages, bigger portions of food, and less active lifestyles all contribute to the obesity epidemic. Sometimes people turn to food 16 , such as when they feel upset, anxious, sad, 17 . When this happens, they often eat more than they need. Figuring out if a teen is overweight 18 than it is for adults. That"s because teens are still 19 . Doctors and other health care professionals often use a measurement called 20 to determine if someone is overweight.

填空题Stressisourresponsetothreateningor(1)events.Wemayexperiencedifferentlevelsofstressdependingonthe(2),meaningtheeventsorcircumstancesthatcauseustofeelstress.Stressorscanbeclassifiedinto(3)maincategories:(4)events,personalstressors,and(5)stressors.Cataclysmiceventsaremajoreventsthatcausestress(6),immediately,foragreatmanypeopleatonce.Personalstressorsaremajorlifeeventsthatcreatestress,including(7)lifeevents.Backgroundstressorsare(8)hassles,orminorirritations,or(9)backgroundstressors.Repeatedexposuretostressorshasbothpsychologicaland(10)consequences.Thelong-termconsequenceisthatbodytissuessuchastheheartandbloodvesselscanbeginto(11).The(12)systemfunctionslesseffectively,and(13)ourabilitytofightoffillnesses.TheGeneralAdaptation(14)explainsthesequenceofphysiologicalreactionstostress.TherearethreephasestoG.A.S.Thefirstisthe"alarmand(15)"phase:werespondwithalarm,andtake(16)toremovethestressor.Thesecondphaseisthe(17)stage:wefightagainstthestressorortrytocopewiththestressor.Thiscanleadtothethirdphase.(18).Theexhaustionphasemaybean(19)wayoftryingtoavoidthestressors.Thebodymaybetellingusthatweneedtodowhateveris(20)toremovethestressor.

填空题Today, if you made a list of the mass media you use, you would have to add newer technologies such as cable, satellite TV, PDAs and the 1 . In today"s world, technology has brought us wonderful things. But all these new advances bring us 2 that we should be aware of. First, there"s a lot of 3 in TV shows, and many people worry about its 4 on us. Children and adolescents are especially 5 to this violence. Second, TV can also make us passive. The term "couch potato" refers to a person who 6 for hours in front of the TV. When we are in this passive state, we may not be able to distinguish between 7 and reality and we may make bad 8 about important things. Third, using the media can become very 9 . Most Internet users would wander through cyberspace, 10 here and there and wasting a lot of time going online. And using cell phones to go online and for 11 are also highly addictive. The fourth danger is the increase in 12 . The media is selling space or time to advertisers. It seems that advertising is the main 13 . The content of a TV program or a magazine is just an 14 , or a kind of wrapping, for the advertising. The media is also invading our 15 . Advertisers are more and more interested in getting private information about 16 . On the Internet, many 17 are working hard to collect information about you. You can be 18 if you make a few visits to any website, and the 19 can be used to learn more about your habits, interests, and other 20 .

填空题 The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the quality of education in public schools. Others do not want their children to have to worry about{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, or social pressure from friends. These parents fear this type of pressure will lead to{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}from other students is another concern. In 1996, it was estimated that between 120,000 and{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}children are being home schooled in the U.S. Professor Jane describes parents who teach their children at home as either ideologues or pedagogues. Ideologues tend to view home school as opportunities to{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}using pre-determined curricula, textbooks and{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Pedagogues tend to place the learner central to everything else that transpires in the home. Whatever the forms, there are however some basic keys to creating a successful environment for home schooling: Provide an opportunity for children to{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}other children close to their age. With today's technology, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}as many types of instruction methods as possible. These methods may include{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, interactive satellite broadcasts or electronic networks among schools. By then, the teacher will{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}as adviser, instead of imparting knowledge, they would (13) the available information. The basic skills such as reading, writing and mathematics should not be overlooked. These may be{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}when possible. Many of these students will at some point enter the public system. It is{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}, to remain at or above the grade level of their peers so that they will not be{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The debate over home schooling versus public schooling is still prevailing and many questions have{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Will this marginal model of schooling replace traditional schools and{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}? How are home schoolers assessed? Are home schooling children{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}the social benefits of being in a large classroom? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are neither{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题Standing in sharp contrast to the bustling 21 of Germany, Fussen Germany is a remarkable town nestled 22 the Bavarian Alps. Despite the town"s comparatively small size— 23 Fussen tourism is quite strong because of its amazing vistas and 24 nearby. Two historic castles are also located nearby Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein Fussen Germany. Schloss Neuschwanstein ("New Swan Stone Castle") is one of 25 and famous castles in Germany. Originally ordered to be built by King Ludwig II, this fairy tale 26 is the epitome of neo-romantic style. The famous German castle 27 the picturesque Hohenschwangau valley and is located only 28 from the popular tourist town, Fussen. The Romantic Road—a road that 29 the countryside and features beautiful old walled towns, gorgeous meadows, and— 30 comes to its end in Fussen, and 31 . Looking out upon the hills and mountains of Germany is 32 , and you haven"t even seen the castles yet. The second castle is perhaps 33 of the two: New Swan Stone Castle, or Neuschwanstein Fussen Germany. With its spiraling 34 and brilliant walls, this castle looks like it was brought straight 35 . Beauty and elegance intertwine to create a breathtaking 36 . Ludwig II originally ordered construction on the great building in 1869, but it was never completely finished. The King was a 37 fan of Richard Wagner and the castle was named after the Swan Knight in Wagner"s opera. Ludwig"s love of the composer is quite evident 38 Neuschwanstein"s luxurious passageways—many paintings hang on the walls that depict scenes from Wagner"s operas. The best view of this enchanting castle, 39 , is from the nearby Mary"s Bridge. Be sure to bring your camera, because your friends will 40 the pictures of Neuschwanstein Fussen Germany.

填空题 Is video-game addiction a mental disorder? The telltale signs {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}: teens holing up in their rooms, ignoring friends, family, even food or a shower, while {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}and belligerence soars. The culprit isn't alcohol or drugs. It's video games, which for certain kids can be {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}as heroin, some doctors contend. A leading council of the nation's largest doctors' group wants to {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}as a psychiatric disorder, to raise awareness and enable sufferers to {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for treatment. In a report prepared for the American Medical Association's annual policy meeting starting {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the council asks the group to lobby for the disorder to be included in {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}created and published by the American Psychiatric Association. It likely won't happen {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Video game makers scoff at the notion that their products {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Even some mental health experts say labeling the habit a formal addiction {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Dr. James Scully, the psychiatric association's medical director, said the group will seriously consider the AMA report in the long process of {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The current manual was published in 1994; the next edition is to {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Up to 90 percent of American youngsters {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}and as many as 15 percent of them—{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}—may be addicted, according to data cited in the AMA council's report. Joyce Peterson of Frisco, Texas, said her 17-year-old son, Michael, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Over nearly two years, video and Internet games transformed him from an outgoing, {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}into a reclusive manipulator who flunked two 10th grade classes and {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}playing a popular online video game. "My father was an alcoholic, and I {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}in Michael," Peterson said. "We battled him until October of last year," she said. "We went to therapists, we {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}. He would threaten us physically. He would curse and call us every name imaginable. It was {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}."

填空题 Everyone experiences {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}on some level every day. Stress, broadly defined, is our {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}to events we perceive as {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}or challenging. Of course, not everyone perceives the same events or circumstances as {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}; we don't always react the same way to the same stressors. In fact, something that is extremely stressful for one person may be exciting and {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}for another. In general, stressful events can be classified into three main {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}: cataclysmic events, personal stressors, and background stressors. Cataclysmic events are {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}events that cause stress suddenly and immediately. Their examples are earthquakes, fires, or other {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Personal stressors are major life events that create stress. They can include the death of a loved one, a job loss, a divorce, a financial {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, or a {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}move. Finally, background stressors, which we can also think of as day-to-day {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, or minor {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Examples of background stressors are waiting in a long line, getting {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a traffic jam, being {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}to noise, experiencing a delay, or dealing with broken equipment. Repeated exposure to stressors has both {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}and biological {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}. When we are exposed to stressors, our adrenal glands secrete certain {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and our heart rate and blood pressure rise. And when the body is preparing for emergencies, body {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as the heart and blood {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}can begin to {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题Being obese is more than being 1 . To determine if someone is obese, doctors and other 2 professionals need to measure a person"s 3 and weight. People gain weight when the body takes in more 4 than it burns off. Some of your 5 tell your body how to metabolize food. Sometimes 6 can fuel obesity as well. One important factor in weight gain is a 7 lifestyle, as people are much less active today than they used to be in their spare time. According the World Health Organization, about 8 billion people in the world are overweight and at least 300 million of them are 9 , even though obesity is one of the 10 most 10 health risks. In the United States, women are slightly more at risk for becoming obese than men. Race and 11 also can be factors. Obesity makes a person feel tired and 12 , and is also associated with 13 problems such as 14 and sleep apnea. People who are obese are more likely to be 15 , which can start a vicious cycle. The keys to healthy weight are regular 16 and good 17 habits. You may also want to keep a food and activity 18 You might also want to consider attending a 19 group. Above all, surround yourself with 20 and family who can help you tackle these important changes in your life.

填空题The human brain is only about three pounds in 1 . The brain is 2 white in colour and is 3 . Each working part of the brain is a 4 cell known as a neurone. The neurones both conduct electrical 5 and 6 the power to send 7 through the nervous system. The brain can be divided into 8 main parts—the hindbrain, the midbrain and the cerebrum. Each area of the brain has its own particular function. The hindbrain consists of the brain stem and the cerebellum. The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal 9 . The brain stem also controls the main 10 functions of the brain, such as heartbeat, breathing and 11 . The cerebellum controls balance and 12 . The midbrain 13 the hindbrain to the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest and most developed part of the brain and consists of two hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls the 14 side and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. It seems that the 15 brain has a greater responsibility for such things as words, logic, numbers, 16 and analysis. The right brain deals more with 17 , spatial awareness, imagination, daydreaming and 18 . Psychologist Tony Buzan argues that people who are particularly gifted actually use both sides of their brain and that we need to 19 both sides of our brain in order to achieve our full 20 .

填空题Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. News can be something the authorities want you to know, or something they would rather keep secret: an announcement of a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, denial of a failure, or a secret scandal that nobody really wants you to {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. If the authorities want to tell the world some good news, they issue statements, communiques, and call {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Or politicians make speeches. Local newspapers, radio and television help to {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}to what is going on. And by making contacts with {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, journalists can ask for more information or explanations to help them {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Unless the correspondent is an {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it is rare to trust any single source. Officials have a policy to defend, and {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}want to attack it. Rumor and gossip can also confuse the situation. So, you have to {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}as much as possible, using common sense and experience as final checks to help establish just what's likely to be the truth, or {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Just getting the news is only half the job. A correspondent may be well-informed, but his job is to {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the public. So, once the information is available it has to be written {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}which is also easily understood. Particularly for radio, since, while a newspaper reader can turn back and reread a sentence or two, the radio listener has {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. This also means that only a limited number of facts can be contained in a sentence and that there should be an {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. And vital information necessary to understand the latest development should be presented {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}in ease the producer of a news program decides to {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}an item, by cutting for example the last sentence or two. Finally, the style of presentation must {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}. A cheerful voice might be perfect for a {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. But it would be sadly out of place for a report of a {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}. And this would also confuse and distract the listener, probably {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}just what had happened and to whom.

填空题 The United States Department of Agriculture{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}for organic food products. The requirements come more than{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}after Congress ordered the development of such rules. Currently, different state and{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}establish organic food requirements in the United States. Each group uses its own rules to decide what products may be called organic. Organic food is one of{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in American agriculture. The Agriculture Department estimates that American farmers sold{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}worth of organic food last year. Farmers who grow organic food{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to increase their crops or to control insects and disease. Many people believe that eating organic food is{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}than eating food produced with chemicals. Some people{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}pay more for such food products. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}says there are more than{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the United States who grow food organically. Most of them produce only{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}food. Yet, the number of organic farmers is{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}of about 12 percent each year. The new requirements set rules for what food products{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. For example, at least 95 percent of{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}called organic must be organic. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}will be permitted to{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}"made with organic ingredients" if at least 70 percent of their materials are organic. In addition, a state or private agency approved by the Agriculture Department must document which farms or businesses{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}organic foods. The rules bar the use of genetic engineering, the process of changing the genes of living things. They bar the use of waste products to{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}to fertilize organic food. They also bar treatments with radiation to kill bacteria on food products. Farmers and food companies have 18 months to start obeying{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Americans will begin to see the effect of the rules in their local stores by the summer of 2001. Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}. He called them the strongest and most complete organic food rules in the world.

填空题Ending a marriage can be a sad 1 experience, especially for children. In the United States, the number of children 2 grows by about one-million each year. As the number increases, experts continue to 3 of divorce on children. Some experts say divorce is 4 . Some studies show that children of divorce have more problems. For example, some children of divorce are more often 5 toward parents and teachers. They have 6 of leaving school before completing their studies. They have more 7 . However, experts note that these problems are not necessarily caused by divorce alone. During the 1970s, many Americans believed that divorce was 8 for married people who were not happy. People did not think divorce would harm children. They thought children would 9 a period of change when their parents ended their marriage. Then the children would be all fight. 10 have changed in recent years. Researchers studied more than one-hundred children of divorce over 11 . She says some children never 12 . She says they often have problems with their 13 as a result of their parents" divorce. Ms Wallerstein says her study proves that parents should 14 for their children, even if they are unhappy. However, some people say that children suffer more in a situation where 15 . They say it is better for children to live with one divorced parent than to live with two parents who are 16 . Other experts note that many children of divorce 17 . This is because their parents are able to deal with the situation 18 . Experts say that some people who get divorced are able to 19 of their children first. They say that they are able to show the children that their 20 after the divorce.

填空题Avoid eggs. Drink 8 glasses of water a day. Eating carbs will 1 . Nutritional advice such as this has been touted for years but is it accurate? 2 , according to Wendy Repovich, an exercise physiologist at Eastern Washington University, who did her best to dispel several common 3 during a health and fitness summit held recently in Dallas. "Eating eggs will raise your cholesterol. " This myth started because egg yolks have the 4 of cholesterol in any food, Repovich said. However, when eaten in 5 , eggs do not contain enough cholesterol to pose health risks, she said. "Most people avoid eggs and 6 they have any kind of cardiovascular risk their physicians tell them to avoid eggs, but really, there aren"t 7 studies that show that one or two eggs a day really 8 to cholesterol levels. " "Eating carbohydrates makes you fat" is 9 . Cutting carbs from the diet may help a person shed pounds due to 10 from a decrease in carbohydrate stores, but eating carbs in moderation does not directly lead to 11 . Here"s another myth. "Drink 12 water a day. " Repovich said people need to replace water lost through 13 , urinating, sweating each day but that doesn"t necessarily total 64 ounces of water. "I see an awful lot of people carrying bottled water around, I think people are still 14 that they have to drink 8 glasses of water a day, but most people don"t realize they get water from 15 in the diet. " And too much water can be harmful, Repovich warned, leading possibly to 16 in the body of sodium, a condition called hyponatremia. It"s also a myth, that everyone needs 17 , although Repovich admits to popping a multivitamin each morning. People who eat 18 fruits, vegetables, whole grains, along with moderate amounts of a variety of low-fat 19 and the right quantity of calories, probably don"t need a vitamin supplement, she said. "But for the most part, we don"t eat 20 so probably a simple multivitamin is good for most people. "

填空题When you visit Paris, 21 to look around and experience life in Paris. You"ll find it 22 . Take a stroll along the Seine River. Browse 23 the art vendors, colorful paintings. No matter where 24 , you will find everyday objects transformed into works 25 . Spend some time in 26 relaxing on an old bench. Lie on your back on the green grass. When you need 27 , try coffee and pastries at a sidewalk cafe. As evening comes 28 , you may hear music from an outdoor concert nearby, classical, jazz, opera or chansons, those 29 . Parisians love their music. Don"t miss 30 Paris evening: eating out. You need a special guidebook to help you choose one of 31 excellent restaurants. If you don"t know what to order, ask for 32 . The chef likes to showcase his best dishes there. Remember, you haven"t tasted the true 33 of France until you"ve dined at 34 in Paris. After your gourmet dinner, 35 of the floodlit monuments. Cross the Pont Neuf, the oldest bridge 36 , to the Ile de la Cite. The most famous landmark of Paris 37 in front of you the Notre Dame Cathedral (Cathedral of Our Lady). 38 in the square in front of 39 . Here you are standing in 40 .

填空题My questions for discussion today are. What are the requirements to become a good leader? Are 1 inherent? The answers to these questions in a layman language can be given like this: a leader is one who 2 , who can control the behavior of others and who can manage others to 3 . Leadership is not limited to position, experience, training, title or authority. After studying the biography of hundreds of 4 it can be concluded that up to some extent leadership qualities 5 , but good leaders are created or made and they are not born because these inherent qualities need to 6 . But this also does not mean that if a person does not possess those inherent qualities he 7 . The fact is that a person can become a leader if he 8 to become a successful leader and on his way he constantly develops himself 9 , training and then experience. Now how does a person become a 10 ? It is a simple five-step process. This process can make you a successful leader. The steps are as follows: 11 : A leader cannot exist without a vision. He should have a clear view of 12 that he wants to achieve in his life. A leader should know 13 : A wise leader is one who has a clear knowledge of his strengths and weaknesses. Without self-analysis he will not be able to 14 . 15 : A good leader is one who has high targets and 16 to achieve those targets. Right choice for 17 for right work: A good leader is one who has capabilities enough to select the right person 18 . Commitment-bound: A good leader 19 . He always strives for perfection and to achieve goals for the satisfaction of others and also takes care of 20 of his group members.

填空题 Scientists have found a cheap and easy way of {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}a condition from recordings of people sleeping. Severe snoring is the sound of a sleeper fighting for {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Lots of people snore, but the loud and {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}snoring caused by a condition known as {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}sleep apnea, OSA, can leave a sufferer {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}and fuddled during the day. OSA is costly and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to diagnose, and it's difficult to distinguish genuine OSA from {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}snoring. But a team in Brazil has a simpler solution: they have found a way of analyzing snore recordings that is able not only to {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}OSA but can distinguish between mild and {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}cases. Diagnosing OSA from snore sounds is not a new idea. The question is how the clinical condition is revealed by the {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In 2008, a team in Turkey showed that the statistical {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of snores has the {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}to discriminate ordinary sleepers from OSA {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Scientists looked for {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}patterns in OSA and the snore {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}can be used as a pretty reliable {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the AHI (the apnea-hypopnea index). And "snore {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}" is measured by a Hurst exponent, which reveals {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}patterns in a series of events. An {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}computer analysis of the snore series could "learn" to use the Hurst exponent to distinguish {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}from severe cases of OSA, making the correct diagnosis for 16 of 17 patients.

填空题It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enough sleep and helping adolescents feel 21 , a new study reported. A lack of sleep among youngsters may 22 depression and suicidal thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center. "Our results are consistent with the theory that 23 is a risk factor for depression, working with other risk and protective factors through 24 possible causal pathways to the development of this 25 ," said lead author James Gangwisch. "Adequate quality sleep could 26 be a preventative measure against 27 and a treatment for depression," he added in the study published in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine. The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 28 , and found those who consistently went to bed after midnight had a 29 of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 p.m.. Night owls also ran a 30 higher risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that adolescents should sleep 31 nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 32 reported they slept on average about eight hours and 33 . But that amount of sleep dropped significantly for those in bed 34 . And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 35 more likely to suffer depression and 36 more at risk of becoming suicidal, the study said. "It is 37 and societal expectation that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may actually require more sleep," said Gangwisch. "Studies have found that 38 do not go to bed early enough to compensate for 39 , and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be associated with significant 40 ."

填空题The United States Department of Agriculture 1 for organic food products. The requirements come more than 2 after Congress ordered the development of such rules. Currently, different state and 3 establish organic food requirements in the United States. Each group uses its own rules to decide what products may be called organic. Organic food is one of 4 in American agriculture. The Agriculture Department estimates that American farmers sold 5 worth of organic food last year. Farmers who grow organic food 6 to increase their crops or to control insects and disease. Many people believe that eating organic food is 7 than eating food produced with chemicals. Some people 8 pay more for such food products. 9 says there are more than 10 in the United States who grow food organically. Most of them produce only 11 food. Yet, the number of organic farmers is 12 of about 12 percent each year. The new requirements set rules for what food products 13 . For example, at least 95 percent of 14 called organic must be organic. 15 will be permitted to 16 "made with organic ingredients" if at least 70 percent of their materials are organic. In addition, a state or private agency approved by the Agriculture Department must document which farms or businesses 17 organic foods. The rules bar the use of genetic engineering, the process of changing the genes of living things. They bar the use of waste products to 18 to fertilize organic food. They also bar treatments with radiation to kill bacteria on food products. Farmers and food companies have 18 months to start obeying 19 . Americans will begin to see the effect of the rules in their local stores by the summer of 2001. Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman 20 . He called them the strongest and most complete organic food rules in the world.

填空题Today"s lecture is about the mass 1 of the world"s population. There are two major 2 why people are moving to cities. The first reason is 3 . People are moving to the cities because that"s where they can find 4 and earn money. The second reason for the move to cities has to do with 5 of life issues: comfort and 6 . Cities often offer better 7 . And then for many, city life is just more 8 . An interesting consequence of urbanization is that the average 9 of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is 10 . Three key 11 can be identified in our cities. First of all, they"re getting bigger. Most cities are bigger now than ever before. Cities are also changing shape. They"re getting 12 , because land is getting more and more expensive. 13 have become a symbol of modern cities. Cities are also changing shape in other ways. The 14 Model and The 15 Nuclei Model are probably more typical of the cities we know today. They show the urban 16 that"s occurring in contemporary cities. The third change is that our cities are breaking up into 17 communities, often by 18 group or 19 level. This often means that people stay within their community and do not come into contact with others from different 20 .

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