填空题Being obese is more than being 1 . To determine if someone is obese, doctors and other 2 professionals need to measure a person"s 3 and weight. People gain weight when the body takes in more 4 than it burns off. Some of your 5 tell your body how to metabolize food. Sometimes 6 can fuel obesity as well. One important factor in weight gain is a 7 lifestyle, as people are much less active today than they used to be in their spare time. According to the World Health Organization, about 8 billion people in the world are overweight and at least 300 million of them are 9 , even though obesity is one of the 10 most 10 health risks. In the United States, women are slightly more at risk for becoming obese than men. Race and 11 also can be factors. Obesity makes a person feel tired and 12 , and is also associated with 13 problems such as 14 and sleep apnea. People who ate obese are more likely to be 15 , which can start a vicious cycle. The keys to healthy weight are regular 16 and good 17 habits. You may also want to keep a food and activity 18 . You might also want to consider attending a 19 group. Above all, surround yourself with 20 and family who can help you tackle these important changes in your life.

填空题In America there are no nobles or men of letters

填空题Wealreadyliveinanever-communicatedworldthatwillonlybecomemeresointhenexttechera.We've(1)thatgetsussomuchinformation.We'vegoteverysecond(2),we'vegetcomputersandlaptops,we'vegetpersonalorganizersandwe'rejustbeing(3)andeveryadvanceintechnologyseemstocreatemoreandmorecommunicationsatus.Wearesortof(4).Researchsuggeststhatallthemulti-taskingmayactuallymakeourbrains(5),producingaworld-wideincreaseinIQ(6)andmereinrecentdecades.Isthereanyrealbenefitin(7)wenewhavetogothrough?We'renetbecomingaraceof(8),butmanydethinkcertainskillsareenhancedandcertainarenet.Youknewtheabilityto(9),toansweradozene-mailsinfiveminutes,ortofillout(10).That'senhanced.Butwhensomeoneisouttherewithhiskids(11)orsomethinglikethat,he'sgothiscellphoneinhispocket.He'salwayswondering,"Gee,didIgetavoicemail?"Thismighthavenegativeeffects(12).Creativityissomethingthathappensslowly.Ithappenswhenyourbrainisjust(13),justplaying,whenit(14)whichyouhadn'tthoughtof,ormaybeyouhavetimetoreadabook.Youareabusinesspersonbutyouhavetimeto(15),oraboutaphilosopherandsomethingthathappenedlongageorsomethingorsomeidea(16).Actually,itmightoccurtoyouthatyou(17)inthatway,andsoit'sthismixtureofunrelatedideasthatfeedsyourproductivity,(18).Andifyourmindisdisciplinedtoanswereverye-mail,thenyoudon'thavetimeforthatplayfulnoodling.Youdon'thavetimefor(19).SoIthinkmaybewe'regettingsmarterin.somesenses,butever-communicationis(20)andtoourreflection.

填空题 The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a{{U}} (1) {{/U}}such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are{{U}} (2) {{/U}}the quality of education in public schools. Others do not want their children to have to worry about{{U}} (3) {{/U}}, or social pressure from friends. These parents fear this type of pressure will lead to{{U}} (4) {{/U}}such as smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs. {{U}}(5) {{/U}}from other students is another concern. In 1996, it was estimated that between 120,000 and{{U}} (6) {{/U}}children are being home schooled in the U.S. Professor Jane describes parents who teach their children at home as either ideologues or pedagogues. Ideologues tend to view home school as opportunities to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}using pre-determined curricula, textbooks and{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. Pedagogues tend to place the learner central to everything else that transpires in the home. Whatever the forms, there are however some basic keys to creating a successful environment for home schooling: Provide an opportunity for children to{{U}} (9) {{/U}}other children close to their age. With today's technology, {{U}}(10) {{/U}}as many types of instruction methods as possible. These methods may include{{U}} (11) {{/U}}, interactive satellite broadcasts or electronic networks among schools. By then, the teacher will{{U}} (12) {{/U}}as adviser, instead of imparting knowledge, they would (13) the available information. The basic skills such as reading, writing and mathematics should not be overlooked. These may be{{U}} (14) {{/U}}when possible. Many of these students will at some point enter the public system. It is{{U}} (15) {{/U}}, to remain at or above the grade level of their peers so that they will not be{{U}} (16) {{/U}}. The debate over home schooling versus public schooling is still prevailing and many questions have{{U}} (17) {{/U}}. Will this marginal model of schooling replace traditional schools and{{U}} (18) {{/U}}? How are home schoolers assessed? Are home schooling children{{U}} (19) {{/U}}the social benefits of being in a large classroom? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are neither{{U}} (20) {{/U}}.

填空题 Some may ask the following question: Was it envisioned for the euro to eventually become {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}that it could compete with the dollar {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}? Or was that a dream then and {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}? I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some ways, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Why? Well, the dream to give credit where credit is due was not only advocated {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}but by some American economists, including our Institute's director, Fred Bergsten. He was {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, also was way out in the front with that. And they were {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the euro. At face value, the euro area is {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very large and {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, although if you look in more detail, there are still some things there that {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}the United States. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}pretty consistently. So you put those three things together. On paper it looks like the euro should be at least {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the dollar in investors' portfolios, in government reserve holdings, in how much you {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}or planes or things like that. But what {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in this book is the fact that if you look under the hood a bit, there is {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}between what you would expect just based on size and how much the euro is used. So there's an awful lot of {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题{{B}}Part A Note-taking And Gap-filling{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short tally. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. No {{U}}(1) {{/U}} way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you are tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then {{U}}(2) {{/U}}! When you're not thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods. Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of {{U}}(3) {{/U}}. How they do it is a {{U}}(4) {{/U}}, but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "{{U}} (5) {{/U}}". This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe {{U}}(6) {{/U}} processes, which are unknown to the {{U}}(7) {{/U}} Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known. All of us have {{U}}(8) {{/U}} this sudden arrival of new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. One can draw examples from genius in any field. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these {{U}}(10) {{/U}} from the unconscious, and the more highly {{U}}(11) {{/U}} the person, the shaper and more {{U}}(12) {{/U}} the signals become. In the example of Richard Wagner {{U}}(13) {{/U}} the opening to "Rhinegold", the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew something of the actual processes by which the {{U}}(14) {{/U}} was found. As a {{U}}(15) {{/U}} , Henri Poincare's finding of the Fuchsian functions make us see the conscious mind {{U}}(16) {{/U}} the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden {{U}}(17) {{/U}} of a new concept into consciousness. Wagner's and Poincare's experiences are {{U}}(18) {{/U}} of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of {{U}}(19) {{/U}} activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively {{U}}(20) {{/U}} elements.

填空题{{B}}A: Spot Dictation{{/B}} Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Posters have been put up all over Jakarta, {{U}}(1) {{/U}} Indonesians to make a success of the people's consultative assembly. But {{U}}(2) {{/U}}, there's very little chance of things {{U}}(3) {{/U}} for President Suharto. Most of the members of the assembly are strong Suharto loyalists. The few who might {{U}}(4) {{/U}} dissent from re-appointing Mr. Suharto for {{U}}(5) {{/U}} will not get their voices heard. Most of the assembly's discussions over the next eleven days {{U}}(6) {{/U}} the public. As he already has {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of Indonesia's most powerful institutions, the armed forces in the {{U}}(8) {{/U}} Golkar Party, there was never any real possibility of President Subarto {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, despite the severe economic crisis in Indonesia and the fact that there is {{U}}(10) {{/U}} corruption and president's {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. He is already 76 years old. Critics have described the assembly meetings as {{U}}(12) {{/U}} a coronation than an election. But Mr. Suharto is taking no chances. {{U}}(13) {{/U}} troops and police have been deployed in Jakarta alone, to prevent any trouble from {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. Over the past months, towns across Indonesia {{U}}(15) {{/U}} by food riots and there have been several demonstrations in the capital. {{U}}(16) {{/U}} is now as high as anyone here can remember, and yet with opposition groups fragmented and {{U}}(17) {{/U}} the security forces head on, there's little chance of Mr. Suharto being forced to {{U}}(18) {{/U}} Even some of the president's most strident critics acknowledge that he still has {{U}}(19) {{/U}} in his hands, and for now, {{U}}(20) {{/U}} can decide who should replace him and when.

填空题Many employees complain that they"re being 1 while they work during the 2 . In a new survey of more than 900 major U.S. companies, nearly 3 of them acknowledged using a range of 4 methods to monitor their employees. And up to a quarter of the companies that monitor their workforce do it 5 . The number of employees being monitored has 6 in the last five years. There are two reasons for this, first, it"s 7 ; second, monitoring could be done 8 and efficiently. Most employers insist that these are 9 and even necessary business 10 . They have a 11 to know how 12 they provide is being used on the job. Monitoring can also be used to deter 13 , and for the workers" own 14 . But many attorneys are arguing that employees do not give up their 15 rights when they show up for work. Employees should always be 16 when they"re monitored. Some employees even emphasize that there should be no monitoring whatsoever in purely 17 areas. Yet, so far there is only one state—Connecticut—that 18 surveillance in areas such as locker rooms or the employee lounge. There"s only one federal 19 , the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act, that 20 employee privacy.

填空题 Think golf is{{U}} (1) {{/U}}game? Think again. Researchers including Debbie Crews of Arizona State University and John Milton of the University of Chicago have been studying patterns of brain activation in golfers. Their conclusion: the better the golfer, the{{U}} (2) {{/U}}he shows in the seconds before he{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. Crews, a{{U}} (4) {{/U}}who studies putting, has found that a{{U}} (5) {{/U}}between amateurs and professionals lies in the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}, the seat of logic, analysis, {{U}}(7) {{/U}}and the kinds of thoughts. Professionals, once{{U}} (8) {{/U}}how to make a shot, follow an{{U}} (9) {{/U}}that renders conscious thought unnecessary. When Milton asked some LPGA golfers what they thought about just before{{U}} (10) {{/U}}, they answered: nothing. He{{U}} (11) {{/U}}a half-dozen pros and an equal number of amateurs and had them imagine making a specific shot while{{U}} (12) {{/U}}in a functional MRI machine. The amateurs showed far more total brain activation{{U}} (13) {{/U}}of the brain. In particular, amateurs activated the basal ganglia—involved in learning motor functions—and the basal forebrain and amygdale, responsible for, {{U}}(14) {{/U}}, emotions. Some of his{{U}} (15) {{/U}}worried about hitting the ball into the water, which was curious, because he hadn't even{{U}} (16) {{/U}}in describing the imaginary shot to them. Milton is trying to{{U}} (17) {{/U}}to stroke and other rehabilitation patients who have to{{U}} (18) {{/U}}like walking; he recommends putting more{{U}} (19) {{/U}}and improving mental focus. In many{{U}} (20) {{/U}}, it seems, half the game really is 90 percent mental.

填空题The United States Department of Agriculture 1 for organic food products. The requirements come more than 2 after Congress ordered the development of such rules. Currently, different state and 3 establish organic food requirements in the United States. Each group uses its own rules to decide what products may be called organic. Organic food is one of 4 in American agriculture. The Agriculture Department estimates that American farmers sold 5 worth of organic food last year. Farmers who grow organic food 6 to increase their crops or to control insects and disease. Many people believe that eating organic food is 7 than eating food produced with chemicals. Some people 8 pay more for such food products. 9 says there are more than 10 in the United States who grow food organically. Most of them produce only 11 food. Yet, the number of organic farmers is 12 of about 12 percent each year. The new requirements set rules for what food products 13 . For example, at least 95 percent of 14 called organic must be organic. 15 will be permitted to 16 "made with organic ingredients" if at least 70 percent of their materials are organic. In addition, a state or private agency approved by the Agriculture Department must document which farms or businesses 17 organic foods. The rules bar the use of genetic engineering, the process of changing the genes of living things. They bar the use of waste products to 18 to fertilize organic food. They also bar treatments with radiation to kill bacteria on food products. Farmers and food companies have 18 months to start obeying 19 . Americans will begin to see the effect of the rules in their local stores by the summer of 2001. Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman 20 . He called them the strongest and most complete organic food rules in the world.

填空题Forcenturiespeoplehavebeenfightingoverwhethergovernmentsshouldallowtradebetweencountries.Therehavebeen,andprobablyalwayswillbe,(1)totheargument.Somepeoplearguethatjust(2)isbestforboththecountryandtheworld.Othersarguethattradewithothercountries(3)forsomepeopletomakeagoodliving.Bothsidesareatleast(4).Internationaltrademattersalot.Itseffectson(5)areenormous.Imagineaworldinwhichyourcountry(6)atallwithothercountries.Imaginewhatkindofjobyouwouldbe(7)andwhatgoodsyoucouldbuyornotbuyinsuchaworld.FortheUnitedStates,forexample,startbyimaginingthatitlivedwithoutits(8)ayearinimportedoil,andcutbackonits(9)becausetheremainingdomesticoilandotherenergysourceswere(10).Producersandconsumersinotherpartsoftheeconomywould(11)iftheyweresuddenlystrippedofforeign-madegoodslikeCDplayersandclothing.Onthe(12)side,supposethatBoeingcouldsellairplanes,andfarmerscouldselltheircrops,(13)theUnitedStates,andthatU.S.universitiescouldadmitonly(14).Ineachcasetherearepeoplewhogainandpeoplewholosefrom(15)internationaltrade.Inanycase,lessormoreinternationaltradewillhave(16)onyourcareeraswellasyourlife.Foryears,Americancompaniesareoftenfacedwiththechoiceofbuying(17),whichareexpensive,andforeign-madegoods,whicharecheap.IfthecompanybuysAmericangoods,itmay(18)taxpayersbyfailingtokeeppriceslow.Butifitbuysforeigngoods,itmay(19)thejobsofAmericanworkers.Recently,CongresshaspassedalawcompellingAmericancompanieswithgovernmentcontractsto(20)domesticgoodsandservices.

填空题It is difficult to give a description of 1 because they vary from state to state and city to city. Some towns allow the sale of very weak, 2 , known as "three-two" beer. Some places 3 of any alcohol on Sundays, not only in bars but also in shops. You may find a locked bar over the alcohol shelves. In many parts of America, you are not allowed to drink alcohol 4 . That is, you may not sit in a park or 5 drinking beer, and you cannot even take a nice bottle of wine 6 . In some public places, people can be seen taking drinks from cans 7 . These are not cans of Coca-Cola. 8 you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving, or even 9 container in the car. Some bars 10 only for beer and wine. Others are also allowed to sell spirits and thus, as Americans say, " 11 ". Many bars have a period 12 , often longer than an hour, when they sell drinks with prices 13 . This is usually around 5p.m. and may be only 14 of the week. Legal drinking age varies from state to state but is generally 15 . Some states permit 16 at 18 but spirits only at 21. Others permit the consumption only of "three-two" beer from 18 to 21. 17 , in some parts of the USA, young people 18 , marry, raise children, keep full-time jobs, be tried in courts as adults, join the army and even buy guns but not 19 . In some places 18 to 21 year olds are allowed into bars but not allowed to drink. Another even more interesting aspect of American drinking-age laws is that in some places people 20 are not even allowed to sell alcohol.

填空题 Psychologists have been studying {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}Internet use since the late 1990s. Brenner's subjects reported an {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}of 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of interference in {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}functioning, {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}failure to manage time, missing sleep, or missing meals. A surprising result is that 80% of the {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}reported at least five of these signs. These numbers suggest that the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of some level of these problems should not be considered {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Kathleen Scherer studied 531 students at the University of Texas at Austin and 381 of them were studied further. "{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}" users averaged only 11 hours per week online. Janet Morahan-Martin and Phyllis Schumaker surveyed {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}college students and {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}pathological use by {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}a 13-item {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}which {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}evidence that the Internet was causing personal problems, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}symptoms and mood {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}use. According to their research, pathological users averaged {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}hours of Internet use per week. Pathological users reported significantly more {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, used online games more than other users, and they also used more technologically {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}aspects of the Net more than other students. When is Internet use pathological? The simple answer: when it gets in the way of the rest of your life. Addictions involve {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}use despite harm.

填空题If you ask me: What got you interested in science? I would say. When I don"t 1 how things work, I"m 2 . Then what got me into 3 biology, 4 ? I"d like to understand how biology works, how living 5 work. How would you 6 synthetic biology? What does it 7 ? My interest is to 8 and reliably, quickly, easily, cheaply put 9 the bits and 10 of biology to make new and useful things. The 11 of synthetic biology is to make routine the 12 , the programming of living 13 . And the last seventy years of biology has been a success at taking things 14 and reading out the 15 , but we"ve never put things 16 together. Seventy years ago, the 17 came into biology and really shook things up. What"s happening now is that the engineers are coming into biology and going to 18 things up in a 19 , different way. The last thing to say is that we"ve developed some technologies that make it easy. DNA synthesis is getting better, which means that the cost and time to 20 one of your designs isn"t six years, but six weeks, perhaps.

填空题Today's lecture is about the mass (1) of the world's population. There are two major (2) why people are moving to cities. The first reason is (3) . People are moving to the cities because that's where they can find (4) and earn money. The second reason for the move to cities has to do with (5) of life issues: comfort and (6) . Cities often offer better (7) . And then for many, city life is just more (8) . An interesting consequence of urbanization is that the average (9) of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is (10) . Three key (11) can be identified in our cities. First of all, they're getting bigger. Most cities are bigger now than ever before. Cities are also changing shape. They're getting (12) , because land is getting more and more expensive. (13) have become a symbol of modern cities. Cities are also changing shape in other ways. The (14) Model and the (15) Nuclei Model are probably more typical of the cities we know today. They show the urban (16) that's occurring in contemporary cities. The third change is that our cities are breaking up into (17) communities, often by (18) group or (19) level. This often means that people stay within their community and do not come into contact with others from different (20) .

填空题Scientists are looking at ways to 1 the global temperature by removing greenhouse gases from the air. Carbon dioxide has a 2 effect on the Earth"s temperature. Since the industrial revolution, humans have been burning 3 amounts of fossil fuels, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide. The gas is changing the climate, warming the 4 for plants and animals and raising sea 5 . Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Hence, we have the idea of finding ways of 6 carbon dioxide. In recent years there have been 7 to remove the carbon dioxide from its 8 in power plants. 9 have been fitted to the 10 , so the carbon dioxide produced during fuel burning can be removed from the 11 emissions. The carbon dioxide can be cooled and pumped for 12 in underground rock chambers, which is a useful way of preventing carbon dioxide from entering the 13 . But what about the 14 that is already out there? The problem with removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is that it"s 15 at such a 16 concentration. Removing the gas takes lots of energy. Though it is expensive, it"s 17 . Extracting the 18 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would require enormous volumes of 19 to be processed. Therefore, most scientists have 20 at the idea.

填空题Today I"m going to look at the sense of hearing. In general, we tend to assume that we all hear the same thing. But, in fact, this seems to be a 1 because men and women are increasingly claiming that there are 2 in what they hear. So are they right? Do men and women have different 3 experience? The most fascinating thing about the 4 of the ear is that a part that measures three millimeters in a child often will also measure three millimeters in a very tall 5 . But can men and women"s hearing vary despite this 6 ? An Australian 7 Alan Treece is adamant that they can. He believes that men are better at discerning the 8 of a sound than women. Treece is also convinced that women are 9 programmed to hear crying babies. He puts it down to the fact that women hear better than men in terms of distinguishing 10 sounds. He links this to the fact that women as the child bearers need the ability to hear if there is any 11 coming from the child. But it does seem that when the role of carer is 12 , men are mysteriously equally good at hearing their 13 . So what"s the scientific truth behind such ideas? An ongoing study shows that women"s hearing is slightly better than men"s. And this difference is observable from the moment of 14 . One mysterious difference between the sexes was 15 recently when a number of women in 16 started hearing strange sounds, which their husbands simply couldn"t. The local council has 17 to work out what the sounds can be. What is really intriguing is that all the 18 sent in to the Council offices so far have been from 19 . No man seems to be able to hear it. This might give us a 20 insight into the mysterious world of sound.

填空题You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These 1 , or patties, actually came from Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century. They were brought to the United States by 2 who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why 3 was "hamburger steak" However, people in other place 4 that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we"ll never have a 5 . There"s no question that the hamburger was a 6 . Why? Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of food was need 7 for workers. The hamburger became even more popular 8 when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started. This chain was called "White Castle". It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only 9 . Then, in the 1930s there came the 10 where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most 11 . By now, the hamburger was ready to 12 the world. And this happened with McDonald"s, which was actually a 13 at first. But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger. McDonald"s and other fast food restaurants 14 around the world throughout the rest of the twentieth century. McDonald"s alone has 15 for everyone person in the world. The importance of the hamburger to 16 remains significant. About 17 of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, 18 of current workers in the United States had their first job at McDonald"s. But the face of the hamburger is changing 19 . Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, 20 , or veggie burger.

填空题Good morning. The discussion topic for today"s seminar is "Homelessness in America." In the United States, homelessness has 1 during the last decade. Estimates of the number of Americans currently without 2 vary wildly. Advocacy groups like the National Coalition for the Homeless say that 3 Americans live on the streets or in emergency and temporary shelters. The US Department concerned puts the figure at 4 . Yet both bureaucrats and advocates agree on one point, that is, the face of homelessness 5 in the past 10 years, as more and more low-income housing is mowed down 6 . Some 20 years ago, the typical "street person" was a white male who suffered from a mental illness or 7 . Today"s homeless, however, are a more eclectic group. 8 of the homeless today are Black, mostly 9 . More than half of them have never been homeless before. In many cases, they have been evicted from their homes, or the 10 in which they lived was demolished or burned down. About 60 percent of all homeless people live on 11 with an average monthly income of 450 dollars. About 20 percent are mentally ill. All sorts of people have been pushed out of 12 because of the critical shortage of affordable places to live. As a result, homelessness has climbed to the top of the 13 of social concerns. But there is a great gap between concern and active involvement 14 this growing problem. For many people, the inaction is 15 , not indifference. The fact is that there are many ways in which individuals can 16 . Yet for those people 17 , one of the first steps is to get to know the homeless and understand how they 18 . Many advocates believe that it is important for 19 to get to know and reach out to the homeless and 20 .

填空题 If you find you spend more than you make, there are only two things to do: decrease your spending or{{U}} (1) {{/U}}. It's often easiest to decrease expenditures, because your expenses tend to be more{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. There are as many ways to{{U}} (3) {{/U}}as there are people looking to save it. For example, you may pool your resources with friends, or{{U}} (4) {{/U}}only during sales, or even live more simply. But{{U}} (5) {{/U}}that saving money should not necessarily be an end in itself. Don't{{U}} (6) {{/U}}of ways to save a dime, and don't get upset about situations where{{U}} (7) {{/U}}to spend money. The goal is to bring your budget into balance, not to become a tightwad who keeps{{U}} (8) {{/U}}of every penny and feels that spending money is a{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. It is important to remember that budgets may be{{U}} (10) {{/U}}not only by decreasing expenditures, but also by increasing income.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}to increase income is to get a{{U}} (12) {{/U}}if you don't already have one. Many students work during college. Although working adds to the{{U}} (13) {{/U}}you will face, it does not mean that your grades will necessarily suffer. In fact, many students who work{{U}} (14) {{/U}}than those who don't work, because those with jobs need to be{{U}} (15) {{/U}}. Considering part-time work is often a better{{U}} (16) {{/U}}for dealing with budget shortfalls, than taking out a loan. Because student loans are{{U}} (17) {{/U}}, it's easy to use them as a crutch. Loans can be of help{{U}} (18) {{/U}}or if you couldn't afford to attend a college without them. If you do{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, remind yourself: one day soon you'll have to{{U}} (20) {{/U}}with interest.