单选题. Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche (精神) was superiority. Although 21 he believed that individuals struggled to 22 superiority over others, Adler eventually developed a more 23 definition of the drive for superiority. Adler's 24 of striving for superiority does not refer to the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we 25 seek to surpass one another in 26 or position, nor did he mean that we seek to 27 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our 28 Rather, Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire, to be competent and effective, complete and 29 , in whatever one strives to do. Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 30 of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and exercise 31 over objects and people. The goal may introduce a 32 tendency into our lives, in which we play games of "dog eat dog". But such 33 of the desire for superiority do not reflect its more 34 , constructive nature. According to Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for survival that human beings share with other species in the 35 of evolution. From this 36 , life is not 37 by the need to reduce 38 or restore equilibrium, as Sigmund Freud tended to think; instead, life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from 39 to superior. The particular ways in which individuals undertakes their 40 for superiority are determined by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life.21.
单选题. Something kept scratching on the outside of the tent. I wouldn't have thought much about it 21 I hadn't recently seen a ridiculously 22 film on television in which a monster tried to get into its 23 bedroom by scratching on the door with its claw-like hands. A stupid 24 , but it kept coming back, 25 sleep. When a cry rang out across the moor I crawled out to see what it was all about. In a small tent this is less easy than it 26 . After 27 yourself from a cocoon-like sleeping-bag, you have to 28 with the zip-fasteners of the tent from a kneeling 29 . Outside all seemed in order. The 30 noise came from clumps of spiky rushes 31 blown by the wind 32 the canvas. The only 33 I have for the eerie cries is that overhead may have passed a(n) 34 flock of stone curlews, birds which make a diabolical noise. The moon was the colour of a corpse. Uncomforted, I crept back into the tent. Dawn was pretty dreary, too. Flocks of drifting clouds had settled down low 35 the horizon, jostling each other, uneasily, like sheep undecided what to do next. Hoping fervently they would push off, I paced 36 and walked on, taking the left 37 of the River Tavy, looking for its junction with the tributary that led to Great Kneeset. Nattor Down loomed up where it should have been, but another apparently unmapped hill popped 38 on the opposite side of the torrent, rather spoiling my simple conception of the landscape. The going became difficult, 39 a great deal of the stuff they call clitter, the rubble from the outcrops of granite, had fallen down into the gorge. But the compass 40 the heading and I scrambled along as fast as I could in weather that seemed to be worsening. I decided to make for some high place where I could look around and see whether it looked safe to go on.21.
单选题. The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920's. In the 1920's, but especially 1 the Depression of the 1930's, the United States experienced a 2 birth rate. Then with the prosperity 3 on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and 4 households earlier and began to 5 larger families than had their 6 during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106. 2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. 7 economics was probably the most important 8 , it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed 9 the idea of the family also helps to 10 this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming 11 the first grade by the mid-1940's and became a 12 by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself 13 . The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. 14 , large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere. 15 , in the 1950's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930's no longer made 16 ; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high 17 for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators 18 turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and 19 . The system no longer had much 20 in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.1.
单选题4. Minoan civilization ______ rapidly after a huge volcanic eruption; Crete was eventually overrun with people from mainland Greece.
单选题 On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana
单选题 The traveler was soaked to the skin
单选题21. Mary never dreams of ______ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
单选题19. Show me your ID card, ______?
单选题16. Most doctors recognize that medicine is ______.
单选题 If he ______ tomorrow
单选题. Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 4 of most highways the 5 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 7 are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 8 in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best 10 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 11 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 12 , but limits their ability to raise prices 13 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 14 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board. attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 18 and individuals. For example, tariffs 19 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 20 better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care For the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.1.
单选题. Mental Illness and Diagnosis 精神病及其诊断 Like medical doctors, mental health professionals often use diagnosis as a way of categorizing patients and their problems. The use of diagnoses can, at times, help guide treating professionals as to the nature of the problems a patient faces, the origins of those problems, and potential treatment options. Diagnosis can also sometimes be used to straightjacket patients into ill-defined and ill-fitting categories that lend a scientific appearance to socially constructed biases. For example, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder is often used by psychiatrists and managed care companies as an argument that a person has a "biologically-based mental illness" and thus must receive a biological treatment, such as antidepressant drugs or, more rarely, electroconvulsive treatment. The assignment of the diagnosis mandates a treatment prescription despite considerable controversy among researchers and practitioners as to the relative effectiveness of drug treatment versus psychotherapy. Some conditions bear enough of the characteristics usually associated with illness to be reasonably referred to as mental illnesses. But the jury is still out as to the extent organic factors play in schizophrenia. While there is increasing evidence of organic factors-including genetic factors and illness in the pregnant mother—playing a role in this condition, no organic factors at this point are known to be either necessary or sufficient. Similarly, there exists evidence suggesting that schizophrenia is a condition qualitatively distinct from other modes of living. On the other hand, there exists evidence questioning this view of schizophrenia as a clearly distinct illness. There is evidence that schizophrenia is the extreme end of a larger spectrum of "conditions." And environmental factors clearly play a role in the prospects for the development of the condition and in its course. If one concludes that schizophrenia is, indeed, largely a biological condition, then it would be reasonable to describe it as an illness. But what if one decides that environmental factors play a large role? Once we get beyond the clearly organic conditions, the category of mental illness becomes metaphorical. There is nothing wrong with this. People make sense of the world largely through metaphors. The illness metaphor can be illuminating, but it can also be blinding. The question is whether applying it to the emotional problems and issues people face reveals hidden aspects, or covers over important characteristics. Thus, mental illnesses are like other physical illnesses in that they often appear to be involuntary and they can interfere with normal functioning and/or cause distress. However, many uses of the mental illness construct ignore its metaphorical quality. Thus, it is sometimes presumed without question that anything diagnosed as a mental illness should be treated, despite the fact that the majority of those identified in epidemiological studies as having such a condition do not seek treatment. Others go so far as to form an equation whereby mental illness equals illness, illness means physical condition, and physical condition requires physical treatment. This logic underlies much of the overuse of medications and the downplaying of psychotherapy for problems in living that characterizes the last few decades. Each of the three links in this equation is fallacious, of course. As I discussed above, mental illness may resemble other illnesses in certain ways, but in most cases definitely is not same thing. Certainly, if one extends the concept of illness to include mental conditions with no obvious organic cause then illness does not mean physical condition and there is no necessary reason that it should be treated, much less treated by physical interventions.1. The passage is mainly about ______.
单选题13. ______ the door than someone started knocking on it.
单选题 At 4 o'clock this morning
单选题22. The invention of telephone means ______ people could send messages a long way at great speed.
单选题 ______ that you win the prize
单选题26. He ______ abroad but he was suddenly taken ill.
单选题. One country that is certain of the effect of films on tourism is Australia. The Tourist Office of Queensland say that Crocodile Dundee, 21 Paul Hogan, made Australia the popular 22 it is today. In the three years after Crocodile Dundee was 23 , visitor numbers doubled. 24 what makes people want to visit the place where a movie was filmed? In many cases the reason is 25 the film makes audiences 26 of the existence of a place. 27 the James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed in Phuket, Thailand, most Westerners had never heard of it. Today it is a major destination. Leonardo DiCaprio's film The Beach has 28 tourism in another part of Thailand. The film is about the discovery of the most idyllic beach in the world. As a result the Thai authorities are 29 a tourist boom in the film's 30 , Koh Phi Phi. Some people are influenced by a movie's 31 as much as its location, especially if it is a romance. Four Weddings and a Funeral has 32 that "The Crown" hotel in Amersham has been busy ever 33 the movie was first shown. In fact the bedroom where the 34 played by Hugh Grant and Andie McDowell spend their first night together is 35 for years ahead. "We've 36 the number of marriage proposals that have been made there," say the hotel 37 . It is not just the tourist boards who are happy 38 the influence of films on a destination. Residents of a rather run down area of London have seen house prices almost double 39 Julia Roberts' romance with Hugh Grant in Notting Hill. Film stars, such as Madonna, who had previously thought of Notting Hill as a good place for a party, have now bought 40 there. Perhaps they hope to revive their romances.21.
单选题. Predictions of large populations of robots in industry have yet to come true. For a decade or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The market for 21 robots is now oversupplied, and the driving force of the robotics (机器人技术) revolution is 22 to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most. "Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty 23 finding customers. They are offering big 24 just to get in the door. There has been a 25 growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we have to admit we are either deceiving 26 or that the market is slowly growing," said John Reekie, Chairman of Colne Robotics. "The following things must happen 27 the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy (文化), 28 there has been a computer literacy program, there must be a robot literacy campaign. We must also 29 not just a cut in, but a collapse of robot prices. 30 , some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be 31 ." Colne makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small 32 with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colne with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, and Durham possess an advantage 33 the giants. The big companies sell very expensive 34 to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The 35 companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized there is a need for small, 36 robots that they can meet. The little companies either bring their educational machines 37 an industrial standard or design from scratch (从头做起). One technique that they all adopt is to choose 38 components where possible. The major cost of making 39 their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is 40 scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The use of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.21.
单选题7. Their keen senses of hearing and smell have made some types of dogs ______ in hunting and tracking and as security guards.