问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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问答题A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface-kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is "birthright citizenship" —provided for since the Constitution"s 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States." Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship. "Most Americans feel it doesn"t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen," said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. "But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they"ll claim you"re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn"t want to deal with that."

问答题If one believed that the universe had a beginning, the obvious question was: What happened before the beginning? What was God doing before He made the world? Was He preparing Hell for people who asked such questions? The problem of whether or not the universe had a beginning was a great concern to the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant. He felt there were logical contradictions, or Antinomies, either way. If the universe had a beginning, why did it wait an infinite time before it began? He called that file thesis. On the other hand, if the universe had existed forever, why did it take an infinite time to reach the present stage? He called that the antithesis. Both the thesis, and the antithesis, depended on Kant's assumption, along with almost everyone else, that time was Absolute. That is to say, it went from the infinite past, to the infinite future, independently of any universe that might or might not exist in this background.

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问答题我国政府强化了对外贸的控管，强化了商会这类中介机构的服务与协调功能。我们希望继续加强外贸体制的改革，使之逐渐走向竞争，并受到诸如关税、汇率和利率等法律和经济手段的制约。所有这些都应有助于加速中国外贸的国际化进程，为宏观经贸局面的形成创造一个较好的环境，通过促进商贸业、制造业、农业、技术产业和银行之间更为密切的合作，我们能够为国际市场提供更多、更好的出口产品。在这种情况下，中国自然会成为一个大市场。

问答题Questions 4～6 You may have read news reports saying that America"s Main Streeters want revenge on Wall Street for the financial meltdown and recession and mortgage foreclosures and lost life savings. That hardly makes fields like finance and insurance hazardous to be in, though. You"re much, much likelier to get killed in other lines of work. Recently released Department of Labor data show that fishermen (and fisherwomen) and other workers in fishing-related professions were the most likely to die on the job in 2008. Of 39,000 fishing workers in the nation, 50 were killed, a rate of 128.9 per 100,000 full-time workers. Rough seas, unpredictable deadly weather and isolation during emergencies all make the job more unsafe than any other. It" s no wonder that the industry" s perils have given rise to a popular documentary TV series, Deadliest Catch, and a best-selling book and hit Hollywood film, The Perfect Storm . The Bureau of Labor Statistics" National Census of Fatal Occupation Injuries counted 5,071 fatal work injuries in 2008. That was 7.6% fewer than in 2007, and 13% less than in 2006, which marked a five-year high for workplace fatalities. That"s the good news in the numbers. Logging workers and aircraft pilots have the second and third deadliest jobs. Eighty-two loggers died last year from work injuries, some of them caused by falling trees and malfunctioning cutting equipment. Ninety aircraft pilots died in crashes and other accidents. Transportation incidents are the most common cause of fatalities, overall. This year, 40.5% of the worker deaths, 2,053 of them, were transportation-related. More than half were highway incidents, which have been the most common killer every year since the Labor Department started tracking workplace fatalities in 1992. Equipment-and objects-related injuries came in a distant second, accounting for 923 fatalities, or 18.2%. While putting in 57% of the total hours worked by Americans, men made up 92.7% of the workplace fatalities. The relatively few women killed were more likely to die from on-the-job homicide, though. 26% of the female workplace deaths were murders, compared with only 9% of the male deaths. "For several occupations with high fatality rates, including truck drivers and farmers, and several industries with high fatality rates, like construction and mining, men constitute a much larger part of the total employment," Stephen Pegula, an economist with the Bureau of Labor Statistics, explains. "In addition, women are often employed in occupations and industries, like trade and leisure/hospitality, where homicides are more prevalent. " The construction industry suffered the largest number of deaths. Its fatality rate per 100,000 full-time workers was only 9.6, less than a 10th of that of people in fishing, but that added up to 969 deaths in 2008, no less than 19.1% of all U. S. workplace fatalities. What about those Wall Streeters? People in finance and insurance actually had the lowest fatality rate of any occupation—0.3 deaths per 100,000 full-time workers, or just 24 people across the nation. Top 5 America"s Deadliest Jobs 1. Fishers and Related Fishing Workers The Job: Capture aquatic animals in large quantities. The Dangers: Extreme weather, large equipment, drowning The Fatality Rate *: 128.9 Total Fatalities in 2008: 50 * per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers 2. Logging Workers The Job: Cut down and trim trees for sale and transport. The Dangers: Falling trees, cutting equipment, difficult terrain The Fatality Rate *: 115.7 Total Fatalities in 2008: 82 * per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers 3. Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers The Job: Operate planes and helicopters. The Dangers: Testing equipment, emergency response, crashes The Fatality Rate*: 72.4 Total Fatalities in 2008: 90 * per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers 4. Structural Iron and Steel Workers The Job: Mold, set and handle metal construction materials. The Dangers: Heights, heavy materials, welding The Fatality Rate *: 46.4 Total Fatalities in 2008: 36 * per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers 5. Farmers and Ranchers The Job: Grow and cultivate livestock and crops. The Dangers: Heavy machinery. The Fatality Rate * : 39.5 Total Fatalities in 2008: 317 * per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers

问答题Questions 7～10 School teacher Shana Richey misses the play room she decorated with Glamour Girl decals for her daughters. Fireman Jay Fernandez misses the custom putting green he installed in his back yard. But ever since they quit paying their mortgages and walked away from their homes, they"ve discovered that giving up on the American dream has its benefits. Both now live on the 3,100 block of Club Rancho Drive in Palmdale, where a terrible housing market lets them rent luxurious homes—one with a pool for the kids, the other with a golf-course view—for a fraction of their former monthly payments. "It"s just a better life. It really is," says Ms. Richey. Before defaulting on her mortgage, she owed about $ 230,000 more than the home was worth. People"s increasing willingness to abandon their own piece of America illustrates a paradoxical change wrought by the housing bust: Even as it tarnishes the near-sacred image of home ownership, it might be clearing the way for an economic recovery. Thanks to a rare confluence of factors—mortgages that far exceed home values and bargain-basement rents—a growing number of families are concluding that the new American dream home is a rental. Some are leaving behind their homes and mortgages right away, while others are simply halting payments until the bank kicks them out. That"s freeing up cash to use in other ways. Ms. Richey"s family of five used some of the money to buy season tickets to Disneyland, and plans to take a Carnival cruise to Mexico in March. Mr. Fernandez takes his girlfriend out to dinner more frequently. "We"re saving lots of money," Ms. Richey says. The U. S. home-ownership rate has charted its biggest decline in more than two decades, falling to 67.6% as of September from a peak of 69.2% in 2004. And more renters are on the way: Credit firm Experian and consulting firm Oliver Wyman forecast that "strategic defaults" by homeowners who can afford to pay are likely to exceed one million in 2009, more than four times 2007"s level. Stiffing the bank is bad for peoples" credit, and bad for banks. Swelling defaults could also mean more losses for taxpayers through bank bailouts. Analysts at Deutsche Bank Securities expect 21 million U. S. households to end up owing more on their mortgages than their homes are worth by the end of 2010. If one in five of those households default, the losses to banks and investors could exceed $ 400 billion. As a proportion of the economy, that"s roughly equivalent to the losses suffered in the savings-and-loan debacle of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The flip side of those losses, though, is massive debt relief that can help offset the pain of rising unemployment and put cash in consumers" pockets. For the 4. 8 million U. S. households that data provider LPS Applied Analytics estimates haven"t paid their mortgages in at least three months, the added cash flow could amount to about $ 5 billion a month—an injection that in the long term could be worth more than the tax breaks in the Obama administration"s economic-stimulus package. "It"s a stealth stimulus," says Christopher Thornberg of Beacon Economics, a consulting firm specializing in real estate and the California economy. "The quicker these people shed their debts, the faster the economy is going to heal and move forward again. " As the stigma of abandoning a mortgage wanes, the Obama administration could face an uphill battle in its effort to keep people in their homes by pressuring hanks to cut their mortgage payments. Some analysts argue that"s not always the right approach, particularly if it prevents people from shedding onerous debts and starting a fresh. "The effect of these programs is often to lead homeowners to make decisions that are not in their economic best interests," says Brent White, a law professor at the University of Arizona who has studied mortgage defaults.

问答题中国正处在经济的高速发展时期，从现在开始的未来20年内，中国将全面建设小康社会，人民的生活质量不断提高。上海正在为建成国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心之一的目标而努力，未来上海将以结构调整、功能提升和布局优化为着眼点，大踏步向建设世界城市的战略设想迈进。上海拥有优越的地理位置、完善的基础设施、独特的文化和较高的消费水平，并以长江三角洲地区为依托，已经成为中国目前最大的旅游市场之一。2001年，上海接待国际游客204万人次，接待国内游客8254万人次，上海发展超大型主题公园的时机已经成熟。

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问答题I see from the current columns of the daily press that "Professor Plumb, of the University of Chicago, has just invented a highly concentrated form of food. All the essential nutritive elements are put together in the form of pellets, each of which contains from one to two hundred times as much nourishment as an ounce of an ordinary article of diet. These pellets, diluted with water, will form all that is necessary to support life. The Professor looks forward confidently to revolutionizing the present food system." Now this kind of thing may be all very well in its way, but it is going to have its drawbacks as well. In the bright future anticipated by Professor Plumb, We can easily imagine such incidents as the following: The smiling family were gathered round the hospitable board. The table bucket of hot water stood before the radiant mother, and at the head of the board was the Christmas dinner of the happy home, warmly covered by a thimble and resting on a poker chip. The expectant whispers of the little ones were hushed as the father, rising from his chair, lifted the thimble and disclosed a small pill of concentrated nourishment on the chip before him. Christmas turkey, cranberry sauce, plum pudding, mince pie—it was all there, all jammed into that little pill and only waiting to expand. Then the father with deep reverence, and a devout eye alternating between the pill and heaven, 1ifted his voice in a benediction. At this moment there was an agonized cry from the mother. "Oh, Henry, quick! Baby has snatched the pill!" It was too true. Dear little Gustavus Adolphus, the golden-haired baby boy, had grabbed the whole Christmas dinner off the poker chip and bolted it. Three hundred and fifty pounds of concentrated nourishment passed down the oesophagus of the unthinking child. "Clap him on the back!" cried the distracted mother. "Give him water!" The idea was fatal. The water striking the pill caused it to expand. There was a dull rumbling sound and then, with an awful bang, Gustavus Adolphus exploded into fragments! And when they gathered the little corpse together, the baby"s lips were parted in a lingering smile that could only be worn by a child who had eaten thirteen Christmas dinners.

问答题王冕学画 王冕自此只在秦家放牛，每到黄昏，回家跟着母亲歇息。或遇秦家煮些腌鱼、腊肉给他吃，他便拿块荷叶包了来家，递与母亲。每日点心钱，他也不买了吃，聚到一两个月，便偷个空，走到村学堂里，见那闯学堂的书客，就买几本旧书，日逐把牛拴了，坐在柳树荫下看。 弹指又过了三四年，王冕看书，心下也着实明白了。那日，正是黄梅时节，天气烦躁，王冕放牛倦了，在绿草地上坐着。须臾，浓云密布，一阵大雨过了。那黑云边上镶着白云，渐渐散去，透出一派日光来，照耀得满湖通红。湖边山上，青一块，紫一块，绿一块。树枝上都像水洗过一番的，尤其绿得可爱。湖里有十来枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。 王冕看了一会，心里想道：“古人说‘人在画图中’，其实不错。可惜我这里没有一个画工，把这荷花画他几枝，也觉有趣。”又心里想道：“天下哪有个学不会的事，我何不画他几枝?” 王冕见天色晚了，牵了牛回去。自此，聚的钱不买书了，托人向城里买些胭脂、铅粉之类，学画荷花。初时画得不好，画到三个月之后，那荷花精神颜色无一不像，只多着一张纸，就像是湖里长的，又像才从湖里摘下来贴在纸上的。乡间人见画得好，也有拿钱来买的。王冕得了钱，买些好东西，孝敬母亲。 一传两，两传三，诸暨一县都晓得是一个画没骨花卉的名笔，争着来买。到了十七八岁，不在秦家了，每日画几笔画，读古人的诗文，渐渐不愁衣食，母亲心里欢喜。 这王冕天性聪明，年纪不满二十岁，就把那天文、地理、经史上的大学问，无一不通。但他性情不同，既不求官爵，又不交纳朋友，终日闭户读书。

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问答题News report: Between 2005 and 2007, the China Development Bank offered 1.66 billion yuan worth of loans to 243,000 students from poor families in central China' s Henan Province. Last May, the Bank and the Henan Provincial Education Department jointly issed an ultimatum requiring 223 college graduates to pay off the interest on their student loan within 30 days. Nevertheless, the students failed to repay the debts as required. Now the colleges and banks cannot contact these students after their graduation as they have not notified banks of their changes of address. It is in this situation that the China Development Bank and the Education Department decided to publish the personal information of these students in accordance with relevant regulations concerning student loans. Topic: Does blacklisting student loan defaulters help repayments to banks? Questions for reference : 1. Should the personal information of these students be published or not? Give your reasons. 2. How should the student loan system be improved and perfected? 3. What are the possible consequences that might follow if the personal information of such students are published?

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问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part A with the first passage.