问答题

问答题

问答题我将明白只有低能者才会江郎才尽，我并非低能者。我必须不断对抗那些企图摧垮我的力量。失望与悲伤一眼就会被识破，而其他许多敌人是不易察觉的，他们往往面带微笑，伸出友谊之手，却随时有可能将我摧垮。对他们，我永远不能放松警惕。 有了这项新本领，我也更能体察别人的情绪变化。我宽容怒气冲冲的人，因为他尚未懂得控制自己的情绪，我可以忍受他的指责和辱骂，因为我知道明天他会改变，重新变得随和。 我从此领悟到人类和我自己情绪变化的奥秘。对于自己干变万化的个性，我不再听之任之，我将积极主动地控制情绪，从而掌握自己的命运。

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.

问答题The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. It's essential for inner peace. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, opening to the moment would mean catching yourself building a mental snowball before your thinking got out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff". Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You'll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings, and high blood pressure. It's really not worth all that. Whether you're needing to deal with children, your boss, or a difficult person or situation—if you don't want to "sweat the small stuff", improving your patience level is a great way to start.

问答题Directions : In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let us begin Part A with the first passage.

问答题 和平与发展是时代的主题 和平与发展是时代的主题。世界各国人民应携手合作，继续推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。 和平的环境，是一个国家、一个地区以至全球发展的重要前提。没有和平，没有稳定的政治局面，就谈不上经济发展。历史和现实都充分说明了这一点。 当今世界，国际局势总体上趋向缓和，但各种因素引发的冲突甚至局部战争此起彼伏，一些地区的紧张态势依然存在，妨碍了有关国家和地区的经济发展，也对世界经济产生了不利影响。一切负责任的政治家和政府，都应该遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和公认的国际关系基本准则，为实现普遍、持久、全面的和平而努力，而不能违背各国人民的利益去人为地挑起紧张态势，甚至制造武力冲突。 在这个世界上仍旧有少数利益集团，总想通过在这样那样的地方制造紧张态势来谋利，这是违背大多数人民的意志和时代潮流的。而且，只有不断推进和平与发展的事业，各国人民安居乐业，集中精力发展经济，创新科技，才能创造巨大的市场需求和促进经济繁荣。 我希望，在座各位，以及一切爱好和平的人们携起手来，为共同促进世界的持久和平和各国各地区的普遍发展与繁荣而努力!

问答题 Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题Questions 7～10 U.S. consumer prices climbed faster than expected in May, further fanning investor fears over inflation. Stock markets around the world have cracked sharply lower the past few weeks, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average losing all the ground it had gained so far this year. Japan"s stock market is down 11% on the year; gold has had its biggest slide in a decade and a half; and many emerging markets are wobbling. After Wednesday"s Consumer Price Index report from the Labor Department, which showed a 0.4 percent increase in prices for May (core inflation, which excludes food and energy, rose 0.3 percent), the stock market made a comeback. But with future interest rate hikes now starting to be priced into the market, investor fears that central bankers around the world will go overboard and continue to drive rates higher is set to further spook markets. This is no trading correction that investors have to absorb. The real risk of a jarring bear market has emerged. But while the trauma that inflation created for investors in the 1970s is still close to the surface, the sudden frenzy is misplaced. Powerful forces in the world economy continue to keep prices largely in check. Over the past decade, inflation has been a minor threat compared with brutal deflationary shocks. They started with the collapse of the Mexican peso in the mid-1990s. In 1997, much of eastern Asia"s flourishing economy was leveled. Next were Russia, Turkey and Argentina; Brazil teetered on the brink. By early 2001, Silicon Valley, the pride of the U. S. economy, was crashing, while entire sectors of the so-called New Economy disintegrated. The tech wreck may be over, but it has left a legacy of low prices. Tech companies had to dump on the market everything from fiberoptic networks to computer chips, as desperate investors struggled to raise cash. That slashed telecommunication costs at the very moment that emerging markets were producing a skilled and hungry generation of information workers. Result? The offshore outsourcing revolution and downward pressure on global production costs that keeps inflation under control. Equally powerful are the ultra-low-cost emerging-market manufacturing bases, led by China. With more than 1 billion people set to enter the urban labor markets of China, India, Brazil and Indonesia in the next 20 years, all those pressures on prices will only intensify. More immediate forces are also at work to keep prices from surging. Despite some wishful thinking, growth in Europe is slowing, not accelerating. A large part of U. S. growth has been driven by booming real estate prices. But in the past two years, the Fed has increased rates 16 times, so real estate-driven consumption is yesterday"s news. Tomorrow"s story will be the sharp fall in U. S. growth as consumers face higher mortgage costs. That dynamic could become particularly nasty, given the record level of U. S. household debt, government deficit and unequaled current-account shortfall. Investors are often caught fiat-footed when markets slide. In 2001～2002, deflation was the fear of the day, but few investors at the time saw the opportunity in commodities, which were going for a fraction of today"s prices. Today investors are obsessed with inflation, while government and top-tier corporate bonds are shunned. That should be telling us something. What is it? In the past few years, the central banks of Japan, the U.S. and Europe have cut interest rates so aggressively that the real cost of borrowing fell to, effectively, below zero. That spurred extraordinary amounts of debt financing by governments and corporations. But now, as the global credit cycle tightens, some of the marginal investments will quickly become unsustainable. If central bankers keep raising interest rates, deeper cracks would open in the world economy. What is really troubling markets is not inflation. It is the fear that central banks may have tightened too much, and will tighten further. If that happens, the recent market shock would be merely the precursor to a still more dramatic quake.

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问答题"Clearly there is here a problem of the division of knowledge, which is quite analogous to, and at least as important as, the problem of the division of labour," Friedrich Hayek told the London Economic Club in 1936. What Mr. Hayek could not have known about knowledge was that 70 years later weblogs, or blogs, would be pooling it into a vast, virtual conversation. That economists are typing as prolifically as anyone speaks both to the value of the medium and to the worth they put on their time. Like millions of others, economists from circles of academia and public policy spend hours each day writing for nothing. The concept seems at odds with the notion of economists as intellectual instruments trained in the maximisation of utility or profit. Yet the demand is there: some of their blogs get thousands of visitors daily, often from people at influential institutions like the IMF and the Federal Reserve. One of the most active "econobloggers" is Brad DeLong, of the University of California, Berkeley, whose site, delong, typepad, com,, features a morning-coffee videocast and an afiernoon-tea audiocast in which he holds forth on a spread of topics from the Treasury to Trotsky. So why do it? "It"s a place in the intellectual influence game," Mr. DeLong replies (by e-mail, naturally). For prominent economists, that place can come with a price. Time spent on the Internet could otherwise be spent on traditional publishing or collecting consulting fees. Mr. DeLong caps his blogging at 90 minutes a day. His only blog revenue comes from selling advertising links to help cover the cost of his servers, which handle more than 20,000 visitors daily. Gary Becket, a Nobel-prize winning economist, and Richard Posner, a federal circuit judge and law professor, began a joint blog in 2004. The pair, colleagues at the University of Chicago, believed that their site, becker-posner-blog, com, would permit "instantaneous pooling (and hence correction, refinement, and amplification) of the ideas and opinions, facts and images, reportage and scholarship, generated by bloggers." The practice began as an educational tool for Greg Mankiw, a professor of economics at Harvard and a former chairman of George Bush"s Council of Economic Advisers. His site, gregmankiw, blogspot, com, started as a group e-mail sent to students, with commentary on articles and new ideas. But the market for his musings grew beyond the classroom, and a blog was the solution. "It"s a natural extension of my day job—to engage in intellectual discourse about economics," Mr. Mankiw says. With professors spending so much time blogging for no payment, universities might wonder whether this detracts from their value. Although there is no evidence of a direct link between blogging and publishing productivity, a new study by E. Hah Kim and Adair Morse, of the University of Michigan, and Luigi Zingales, of the University of Chicago, shows that the Internet"s ability to spread knowledge beyond university classrooms has diminished the competitive edge that elite schools once held. Top universities once benefited from having clusters of star professors. The study showed that during the 1970s, an economics professor from a random university, outside the top 25 programmes, would double his research productivity by moving to Harvard. The strong relationship between individual output and that of one"s colleagues weakened in the 1980s, and vanished by the end of the 1990s. The faster flow of information and the waning importance of location—which blogs exemplify—have made it easier for economists from any university to have access to the best brains in their field. That anyone with an internet connection can sit in on a virtual lecture from Mr. DeLong means that his ideas move freely beyond the boundaries of Berkeley, creating a welfare gain for professors and the public. Universities can also benefit in this part of the equation. Although communications technology may have made a dent in the productivity edge of elite schools, productivity is hardly the only measure of success for a university. Prominent professors with popular blogs are good publicity, and distance in academia is not dead: the best students will still seek proximity to the best minds. When a top university hires academics, it enhances the reputations of the professors, too. That is likely to make their blogs more popular. Self-interest lives on, as well. Not all economics bloggers toil entirely for nothing. Mr Mankiw frequently plugs his textbook. Brad Setser, of Roubini Global Economics, an economic analysis website, is paid to spend two to three hours or so each day blogging as a part of his job. His blog, rgemonitor, com/blog/setser, often concentrates on macroeconomic topics, notably China. Each week, 3,000 people read it—more than bought his last book. "I certainly have not found a comparable way to get my ideas out. It allows me to have a voice I would not otherwise get," Mr. Setser says. Blogs have enabled economists to turn their microphones into megaphones. In this model, the value of influence is priceless.

问答题But above all, I see China"s future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century. I"ve said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country"s success need not come at the expense of another. And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China"s rise. On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.

问答题The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer conning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, "Honey, everything is going to be all right." This American desire to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.

问答题Questions 7～10 School teacher Shana Richey misses the play room she decorated with Glamour Girl decals for her daughters. Fireman Jay Fernandez misses the custom putting green he installed in his back yard. But ever since they quit paying their mortgages and walked away from their homes, they've discovered that giving up on the American dream has its benefits. Both now live on the 3,100 block of Club Rancho Drive in Palmdale, where a terrible housing market lets them rent luxurious homes—one with a pool for the kids, the other with a golf-course view—for a fraction of their former monthly payments. "It's just a better life. It really is," says Ms. Richey. Before defaulting on her mortgage, she owed about $ 230,000 more than the home was worth. People's increasing willingness to abandon their own piece of America illustrates a paradoxical change wrought by the housing bust: Even as it tarnishes the near-sacred image of home ownership, it might be clearing the way for an economic recovery. Thanks to a rare confluence of factors—mortgages that far exceed home values and bargain-basement rents—a growing number of families are concluding that the new American dream home is a rental. Some are leaving behind their homes and mortgages right away, while others are simply halting payments until the bank kicks them out. That's freeing up cash to use in other ways. Ms. Richey's family of five used some of the money to buy season tickets to Disneyland, and plans to take a Carnival cruise to Mexico in March. Mr. Fernandez takes his girlfriend out to dinner more frequently. "We're saving lots of money," Ms. Richey says. The U. S. home-ownership rate has charted its biggest decline in more than two decades, falling to 67.6% as of September from a peak of 69.2% in 2004. And more renters are on the way: Credit firm Experian and consulting firm Oliver Wyman forecast that "strategic defaults" by homeowners who can afford to pay are likely to exceed one million in 2009, more than four times 2007's level. Stiffing the bank is bad for peoples' credit, and bad for banks. Swelling defaults could also mean more losses for taxpayers through bank bailouts. Analysts at Deutsche Bank Securities expect 21 million U. S. households to end up owing more on their mortgages than their homes are worth by the end of 2010. If one in five of those households default, the losses to banks and investors could exceed $ 400 billion. As a proportion of the economy, that's roughly equivalent to the losses suffered in the savings-and-loan debacle of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The flip side of those losses, though, is massive debt relief that can help offset the pain of rising unemployment and put cash in consumers' pockets. For the 4. 8 million U. S. households that data provider LPS Applied Analytics estimates haven't paid their mortgages in at least three months, the added cash flow could amount to about $ 5 billion a month—an injection that in the long term could be worth more than the tax breaks in the Obama administration's economic-stimulus package. "It's a stealth stimulus," says Christopher Thornberg of Beacon Economics, a consulting firm specializing in real estate and the California economy. "The quicker these people shed their debts, the faster the economy is going to heal and move forward again. " As the stigma of abandoning a mortgage wanes, the Obama administration could face an uphill battle in its effort to keep people in their homes by pressuring hanks to cut their mortgage payments. Some analysts argue that's not always the right approach, particularly if it prevents people from shedding onerous debts and starting a fresh. "The effect of these programs is often to lead homeowners to make decisions that are not in their economic best interests," says Brent White, a law professor at the University of Arizona who has studied mortgage defaults.1.Why do the two families move out from their homes?

问答题What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage? ("It is not the role of law to block innovation.")

问答题Questions 4～6 Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude or nearly nude images of someone they know, according to a survey released on Tuesday. Only four percent of mobile phone-owning teens in that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves, a practice known as "sexting," according to the Pew Research Center"s Internet American Life Project. The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to another person and older teenagers were more likely to have engaged in "sexting." Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative image by text and 30 percent have received a nude or nearly nude image on their phone. Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of themselves. Amanda Lenhart, a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report, said sexually suggestive images have become a form of "relationship currency" for teens. "These images are shared as a part of or instead of sexual activity, or as a way of starting or maintaining a relationship with a significant other," she said. "And they are also passed along to friends for their entertainment value, as a joke or for fun." "The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years combined with a constant connection via mobile devices creates a "perfect storm" for sexting," said Lenhart. "Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and relationships, but their coming-of-age mistakes and transgressions have never been so easily transmitted and archived for others to see," she added. The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive "sexts" containing images of people they know. About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans. Among this group, Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving "sexts" compared with eight percent of teens on limited data plans and three percent of teens who pay per message. According to Pew, 58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17 do. Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to deal with "sexting" among minors and some legislatures have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies to misdemeanors. Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24.

问答题世界兴起“汉语热” 随着国际社会对中国的关注度日益提升，越来越多的外国人开始对中国和中国文化感兴趣，学习汉语的人数也与日俱增。现在，很多国家和地区的高等教育机构开设了汉语专业和汉语课，也有不少中小学开设汉语课。截至20l0年底，世界上90多个国家和地区建立了300多所孔子学院，教授汉语和中华文化。各种迹象表明，一股学习汉语的热潮正在世界各地兴起。 与此同时，来华留学生的人数也在逐年攀升。据统计，1991年在华外国留学生总人数为1.1万人，2000年增加到2万人，2011年在华留学生人数超过了29万。在过去10年里，中国的对外汉语教学也迅速发展起来。为了满足全球汉语学习者的需求，国家有关部门还向世界各地的孔子学院派遣了汉语教师。 汉语是中国各民族共同使用的语言，是联合国正式语言和工作语言之一，又是世界上历史最悠久、发展水平最高的语言之一，有文字可考的历史不少于6,000年。无论过去或现在，汉语在国内外都有很大的影响，具有很重要的地位。 当今世界出现汉语热，一是因为中华民族历史悠久，有着光辉灿烂的文化，对人类进步作出过巨大贡献；更是因为30多年来，中国实行改革开放，综合国力大大提升，与中国打交道、对中华文化感兴趣的国家、国际组织和人员日益增多。学习汉语也就成为深入了解中国的必由之路。 任何语言都与经济和文化分不开，经济和文化发达的国家，其语言所起的作用十分重要。在过去30年间，中国的国内生产总值年均增长9.7%，未来的中国经济还将持续增长。“汉语热”的兴起，表明世界对中国未来发展的预期越来越好。可以预言，随着中国经济的进一步发展和国际地位的日益提高，世界上学习汉语和中国文化的人数还会不断增加。

问答题【听力原文】 Good afternoon, class. I want to start my lecture by telling you a story. Once there was a young woman from Mexico named Consuela, who came to New York to learn English. She got a job at a factory owned by a Chinese. One day as Consuela came to work, her Chinese boss handed her a red envelope. Consuela looked inside and saw 20 dollars. She became very upset and threw the envelope back at her boss! Her boss was shocked. Well, he had given her the red envelope and the money because it was Chinese New Year. And on the Chinese New Year, it is traditional to give money to young, single people for good luck. However, from Consuela’s point of view, he was an older man giving her money in an envelope, which meant that he was asking her for sexual favors. Naturally, she refused to take the money. Now, what does this story show us? It shows that an action can have totally opposite meanings in different cultures. Every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate behavior. And to illustrate my point today, I’m going to give examples from four areas. First, the way people greet each other in different cultures. Second, the way they use names and titles. Third, the way people eat. And finally, the way they exchange gifts. OK, let’s start with greeting customs—First of all, I’m sure you know that in the United States and in most western countries, greetings often involve some sort of touching, such as a handshake, a hug, or a kiss if people know each other very well. On the other hand, people from most Asian countries don’t usually feel as comfortable touching in public. Although handshakes between business people are common, many Japanese prefer a bow, while people from Thailand, normally hold their hands together in a kind of prayer position. So imagine how embarrassing it would be if an American was invited to someone’s home in Japan or Thailand and she tried to hug the host! Now, another behavior that differs from culture to culture is the use of names. Have you noticed that Americans are quick to use people’s first names even if they have just met. For instance, visitors to the United States are always surprised to hear employees speak to their bosses using first names. In contrast, people in most other cultures are more formal and prefer to be addressed as Mr. Brown or Mr. Honda, for example. In addition, in some countries, such as Italy or Korea, people like you to include their title or position with their family names, especially if they're university graduates or owners of a business. Now I want to look at eating customs. I'll talk about the behaviors connected with eating that vary from culture to culture. One of these is the use of utensils. You probably know that people in many Asian cultures use chopsticks but in some countries it’s customary to eat with your fingers. It’s important to be aware of different dining customs. Here is another example. In some cultures, eating everything on your plate is considered impolite. In Egypt and China, you should leave some food in your dish at the end of the meal. This is to show that your hosts were generous and gave you more than enough to eat. However, Americans generally consider a clean plate as a sign of satisfaction with the food. Finally, what I want to mention today is gift giving, which you may think is a universal custom and there is not much variation from culture to culture. But the rules of gift giving can be very complicated. In USA, if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or small item as a present. On the other hand, the Japanese give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone, such as a teacher or a doctor. In the Japanese culture, gift giving is a very ancient tradition and it has many detailed rules. Another interesting fact about gift giving is that many cultures have strict rules about gifts you should not give. For example, never give yellow flowers to people from Iran, which means you hate them!

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