问答题{{B}} Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/I}} This book may not change your life. But if you have a tendency to be messy and have already broken your new year resolutions to be neater in future, it will certainly make you feel better about your natural inclinations. Untidiness, hoarding, procrastination and improvisation are not bad habits, the authors argue, but often more sensible than meticulous planning, storage and purging of possessions. That is because the tidiness lobby counts the benefits of neatness, but not its costs. A rough storage system (important papers close to the keyboard, the rest distributed in loosely related piles on every flat surface) takes very little time to manage. Filing every bit of paper in a precise category, with colour-coded index tabs and a neat system of cross-referencing, will certainly take longer. And by the end, it may not save any time. Your reviewer's office is easily the most untidy in The Economist (not entirely his own work, it should be said, thanks to the heroic efforts of his even untidier office-mate). But when it comes to managing information, there seems to be no discernible difference in the end result. The authors of this book trawl the furthest reaches of psychology, management studies, biology and physics to show why a bit of disorder is good for you. Chiefly, it creates much more room for coincidence and serendipity. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin because he was notoriously untidy, and didn't clean a Petri dish, thus allowing fungal spores to get to work on bacteria. He remarked wryly on visiting a colleague's spotless lab: "no danger of mould here". It can also help make sense of things. Hearing depends on random movement of molecules: when they coincide with sounds from outside, they are strong enough to stimulate the inner ear. A bit of background noise on the phone enables our ears to filter out echoes. A slightly mushy photograph can be easier to understand. Music and art depend on mess. Procrastination makes sense too. America’s Marine Corps, the authors repeat (several times), never makes detailed plans in advance. Leaving important things to the last minute reduces the risk of wasting time on things that may ultimately prove not important at all. The authors are witheringly contemptuous of the bogus equation of tidiness and morality—for example in corporate "clean desk" policies. Disorder and creativity are so closely linked that any employer who penalizes the first sacrifices the second, they argue. America's professional organizers, a thriving and lucrative cult of tidiness coaches, are merchants of guilt, not productivity boosters. It's all fine, up to a point. But the book has two weaknesses. One is that it overstates the case. The case for tidiness in some environments—surgery, a dinner table or income tax returns—is really overwhelming. The other is that the book is a bit repetitive and disorganized. Even readers who love mess in their own lives don't necessarily like it in others.

问答题Amid the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, America's economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery. Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuild their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise. There is, however, something that eventually will have a much bigger impact on America's prosperity than the slope of the recovery. That is the effect of the crisis on America's potential rate of growth itself. An economy's long-term speed limit (its "trend" or "potential" rate of growth) is the pace at which GDP can expand without affecting unemployment and, hence, inflation. It is determined by growth in the supply of labor along with the speed with which productivity improves. The pace of potential growth helps determine the sustainahility of everything from public debt to the prices of shares. Unfortunately, the outlook for America's potential growth rate was darkening long before the financial crisis hit. The IT-induced productivity revolution, which sent potential output soaring at the end of the 1990s, has waned. More important, America' s labor supply is growing more slowly as the population ages, the share of women working has leveled off and that of students who work has fallen.

问答题中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，是基于中国国情的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后的 100多年里，中国受尽了列强的欺辱。消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就，但人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。推动经济社会发展，不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。中国人民最需要、最珍爱和平的国际环境，愿尽自己所能，为推动各国共同发展作出积极贡献。

问答题In the big data era, the biggest business in developed countries has become information, which we have more access to, thanks to e-mail, the internet, TV and cell phones.

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问答题 香港特别行政区 香港特别行政区包括香港岛、九龙和新界，总面积1092平方公里。香港自古以来就是中国的领土，1840年鸦片战争以后被英国占领。根据1984年12月19日中英签署的关于香港问题的联合声明，两国政府于1997年7月1日举行了香港政权交接仪式，宣告中国对香港恢复行使主权，从而实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。与此同时，中华人民共和国香港特别行政区正式成立，《香港特别行政区基本法》也开始实施。 中国政府在香港实行“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“高度自治”的基本方针。“一国两制”就是在中国统一的国家内，内地实行社会主义制度，香港保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式，50年不变；“港人治港”就是由香港人自主管理香港，中央不派官员到特区政府任职；“高度自治”就是除外交、国防事务由中央政府管理外，香港特别行政区享有充分自主地管理本地区事务的权力，包括行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。 在回归祖国后的17年里，香港犹如一艘高速巨轮勇往直前，顺利地闯过了亚洲金融危机、非典、禽流感的惊涛骇浪。特区政府有效地处理了一系列对香港政治、经济、社会有重大影响的事件和问题，维护了香港的稳定与繁荣。 今天，香港依然是一座魅力四射、充满活力的现代都市，其作为国际上一个金融、贸易、航运中心的地位得到了进一步的加强，被誉为全球“透明度最高、治理得最好、政府干预最少”的范例。我们相信，有伟大祖国作为坚强后盾，香港的未来一定更加美好!

问答题亚太经济合作组织与中国 亚太经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)成立于1989年11月，是当今亚太地区进行官方合作的一个地区性经济组织。该组织的涪动主要包括三个方面，即贸易投资自由化、商业活动便利化和经济技术合作。这一组织在全球经济活动中具有举足轻重的地位。 亚太经合组织现有成员21个。1991年，中国大陆与香港、台湾地区同时加入该组织。亚太经合组织既为中国参与地区乃至世界经济活动提供了舞台，同时也促进了中国加快对外开放的进程。 参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。首先，有利于扩大中国在地区中的经济利益。亚太地区是中国对外经济利益的主要所在。中国贸易额的80%是与亚太地区国家开展的，90%以上的外资来源于亚太地区国家。借助亚太经合组织，中国可以与其他成员共同致力于亚太地区的共同发展，从而为中国经济、也可为亚太经济的发展作出贡献。 其次，借助这一地区论坛，有利于中国与其他成员进行政策交流。每年一度的领导人非正式聚会，不仅为中国加强与其他成员国的相互了解提供了一个宽松的渠道，更主要的是传递了中国的对外政策，传达中国对外开放与国内改革的信息，有力地促进了中国经济的整体发展。 作为亚太经合组织中的最大发展中国家，中国自1991年加入该组织以来，本着平等互利、协商一致、求同存异、自主自愿的原则，坚持贸易投资自由化与经济技术合作并重的方针，全面参与了亚太经合组织的各项活动，对亚太地区合作进程发挥了积极作用。

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问答题The way things are looking, the royal family will need to start bulk buying birthday cards. When King George V sent the first telegrams to those celebrating their 100th birthday in 1917, he only had to fire off 24. Last year, his granddaughter Queen Elizabeth sent 6,405 cards to centenarians in the UK. Her grandson will be signing a lot more, based on forecasts suggesting that today"s 10-year olds have a 50% chance of living to at least 103. This rising longevity has come under the election campaign spotlight. The focus on the costs of an ageing society continued in a recent warning from the World Economic Forum (WEF) that the retirement age in Britain and other developed countries must rise to 70 by 2050 to head off a pension crisis. The WEF is right that there are huge cost implications from demographic fact that a longer life is harder to fund for the individual and state cannot remain a taboo subject. But what is missing from the debate is how a longer life is also a source of opportunities. Our society remains largely ageist: too quick to write people off and too narrow-minded about life after 60. Gerontologist Sarah Harper highlighted this last week when she called for a change to the way we talk about age. People should not be called old until they were seriously frail, dependent and approaching death. Anything else should be called "active adulthood". This raises the key point that people no longer cease work in their 60s expecting to enjoy only a short retirement before they die. Instead, those who get the state pension will on average spend almost a third of their adult life in retirement. But despite this seismic shift, we are still structuring life in three stages—childhood, work, retirement. What"s more, the ages at which each stage begins have barely budged in decades. It is this damaging fixation with a three-stage life that Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott explore in their book The 100-year Life. Their research in psychology and economics feeds into a work that is a mixture of self-help for those who want to make more of being younger for longer and a manifesto for how firms and policymakers can adapt to rising longevity. "What is striking is the contrast between the magnitude of change that society will embark upon as people live longer, and the relatively limited response from corporations and governments," they write. "Saying that corporates and governments are "behind the curve" doesn"t even come close." The authors concede that living longer will mean most people will have to work longer. But that is not necessarily as bad as it sounds. We simply need to think more creatively about how work can change and how we can change over a longer multi stage life. That could mean working at a different pace at different stages, changing path more often or taking sabbaticals. On top of the longevity factor, our working lives will also be shaped by rapid technological changes. Such developments as robots and online banking are already forcing people to adapt how they work and in some cases to retrain. For some workers, robots are already stealing their jobs. But here again, a longer life offers opportunities to adapt to those pressures. Given that across a 100-year lifespan there are 873,000 hours available and if, a specialist expertise takes 10,000 hours to acquire, mastery in more than one field is neither daunting nor impossible. It"s an alluring image: a world where people can take time out to retrain, their skills are valued and nurtured by their employers. So how do we get there? Employers and policymakers can start by doing more to help the current cohort of over-50s to stay in work if they want to. There are almost a million 50-to 64-year olds who are not in employment but willing to work. Today employers are not making use of a whole pot of untapped talent and experience. This urgently needs to change. It is said by 2020, one in three UK workers will be over 50 and employers will have to retain retrain and recruit those older people. One solution is to redefine older workers" roles so they become mentors to younger recruits. Employers must move away from the current model where they centre so much of their training on new, young recruits. The onus is also On the government to offer more and better education throughout people"s lives. That must include financial education to help people cope with the increased choices a longer life will impose. And this education must be readily available to all. Similarly, healthcare and welfare will need to evolve so that everyone can benefit from rising longevity. Otherwise as The 100-year Life authors point out life risks being nasty, brutish and long for those unable to afford the kind of self-reinventions and sabbaticals that a longer life would ideally entail. It"s a life that is hard to imagine as long as we remain stuck in our learn-work-retire model. But instead of just squabbling over care costs, pensions and retirement ages, isn"t it time we ditched that old way of living and saw rising longevity for what it is? More time to do more things.

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问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each sentence or paragraph, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let us begin Part B with the first passage.

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问答题The American Attitude Toward Manual Labor The term "American dream" is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today? The term "American dream" first appeared in a ramous novel written by Horatio Alger in 1867. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a "rags to riches" story about a little orphan boy who lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination to succeed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger"s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger"s novel was published. For one thing, the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one"s life may have started out on a smaller scale, in the past, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism. Another, more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic "self-starter," the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends, few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president. This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created a better life for future generations. A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people, especially in the 1960s and 1970s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or other opportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?

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问答题中华文明历来注重以民为本，尊重人的尊严和价值。早在千百年前，中国人就提出“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”、“天地之间，莫贵于人”，强调要利民、裕民、养民、惠民。今天，我们坚持以人为本，就是要坚持发展为了人民，发展依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享，关注人的价值、权益和自由，关注人的生活质量、发展潜能和幸福指数，最终是为了实现人的全面发展。保障人民的生存权和发展权仍是中国的首要任务。我们将大力推动经济社会发展，依法保障人民享有自由、民主和人权，实现社会公平和正义，使13亿中国人民过上幸福生活。