问答题

问答题

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/I}}

问答题Today in the United States and the developed world, women are better off than ever before. But the blunt truth is that men still run the world. While women continue to outpace men in educational achievement, we have ceased making real progress at the top of any industry. Women hold around 14% of Fortune 500 executive-officer positions and about 17% of board seats, numbers that have barely budged over the last decade. This means that when it comes to making the decisions that most affect our world, our voices are not heard equally. It is time for us to face the fact that our revolution has stalled. A truly equal world would be one where women ran half of our countries and companies and men ran half of our homes. The laws of economics and many studies of diversity tell us that if we tapped the entire pool of human resources and talent, our performance would improve. Throughout my career, I was told over and over about inequalities in the workplace and how hard it would be to have a career and a family. I rarely, however, heard anything about the ways I was holding myself back. From the moment they are born, boys and girls are treated differently. Women internalize the negative messages we get throughout our lives—the messages that say it"s wrong to be outspoken, aggressive, more powerful than men—and pull back when we should lean in. We must not ignore the real obstacles women face in the professional world, from sexism and discrimination to a lack of flexibility, access to child care and parental leave. But women can dismantle the internal barriers holding us back today. Here is one example of how women can lean in. In 2003, Columbia Business School professor Frank Flynn and New York University professor Cameron Anderson ran an experiment. They started with a Harvard Business School case study about a real-life entrepreneur named Heidi Roizen. It described how Roizen became a successful venture capitalist by using her "outgoing personality ... and vast personal and professional network ... [which] included many of the most powerful business leaders in the technology sector". Half the students in the experiment were assigned to read Heidi"s story. The other half got the same story with just one difference—the name was changed from Heidi to Howard. When students were polled, they rated Heidi and Howard as equally competent. But Howard came across as a more appealing colleague. Heidi was seen as selfish and not "the type of person you would want to hire or work for". This experiment supports what research has already clearly shown, success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. When a man is successful, he is liked by both men and women. When a woman is successful, people of both genders like her less. I believe this bias is at the very core of why women are held back. It is also at the very core of why women hold themselves back. When a woman excels at her job, both men and women will comment that she is accomplishing a lot but is "not as well liked by her peers". She is probably also "too aggressive", "not a team player", "a bit political"; she "can"t be trusted" or is "difficult". Those are all things that have been said about me and almost every senior woman I know. The solution is making sure everyone is aware of the penalty women pay for success. Recently at Facebook, a manager received feedback that a woman who reported to him was "too aggressive". Before including this in her review, he decided to dig deeper. He went back to the people who gave the feedback and asked what aggressive actions she had taken. After they answered, he asked point-blank, "If a man had done those same things, would you have considered him too aggressive?" They each said no. By showing both men and women how female colleagues are held to different standards, we can start changing attitudes today.

问答题To date, the bulk of the public debate about copyright and new technology has focused on an issue that I consider to be secondary, the issue of how new technology alters the balance of power between consumers and a relatively narrow group of producers, primarily the producers of certain types of music and film. By focusing so narrowly on that issue, and framing that issue as being about "kids" stealing music", we run the risk of overlooking how bad copyright laws are increasingly affecting a much more important group of cultural producers. I am the founder of Wikipedia, a charitable effort to organize thousands of volunteers to write a high-quality encyclopedia in every language of the world. We the Wikipedians have achieved remarkable success in our five-year history, and we"ve done it as volunteers freely sharing our knowledge. And yet, strangely enough, in addition to researching facts on hundreds of thousands of topics, we are forced to become copyright experts, because so much of our cultural heritage is being threatened by absurd limits on fair use of information in the public domain. ! get two to three threatening lawyergrams each week; one I just received from a famous London museum begins, typically, "We notice you have a number of images on your website which are of portraits in the collection of [our museum] ... Unauthorized reproduction of such content may be an infringement ..." I now respond with a two-part letter. First, I patiently and tediously explain that museums do not and cannot own the copyrights to paintings that have been in the public domain for hundreds of years. And then I simply say. "You should be ashamed of yourselves." Museums exist to educate the public about our shared cultural heritage. The abuse of copyright to corner that heritage is a moral crime. The excuse normally given, that producing digital reproductions is costly and time-consuming, and museums need to be able to recoup that cost, is entirely bogus. Just give us permission, and Wikipedians will go to any museum in the world immediately to make high-quality digital images of any artwork. The solution to preserving our heritage and communicating it in a digital form is not to lock it up, but to get out of our way. This issue, public-domain artworks, is about an abuse of existing law. But the law itself is also a problem. Copyrights have been repeatedly extended to absurd lengths for all kinds of works, whether the author aims to protect them or not. Even works that have no economic value are locked away under copyright, preventing Wikipedians from rewriting and updating them. Every school system in the world faces the problem of expensive texts. Wikipedia shows a way to a solution, and we have founded a supporting project called Wikibooks to implement that solution. Here, thousands of volunteers are working to write textbooks. If we still lived in an era of reasonable copyright lengths (14 to 28 years, with registration), it would be no problem for us to seek out works of lapsed copyright, abandoned by their owners, and update them quickly. We could cut the costs of textbooks in schools radically, not just in the United States and other wealthy countries, but in the developing world as well. And finally, the example set by Wikipedia and Wikibooks is beginning to spread, in an explosion of creativity. Another of my projects, the for-profit Wikicities, allows communities to form and build knowledge bases or other works on any topic of interest. Again, thousands of people are working to write the definitive guides to humor, films, books, etc., and they are doing this work voluntarily and placing it all under free licenses as a gift to the world. And, of course, here we have again all the same problems of abusive application of copyright law as at Wikipedia and Wikibooks. We obey the law; we are not about civil disobedience. We want only to be good, to do good and to share knowledge in a million different ways. We have the people to do it. We have the technology to do it. And we will do it, bad law or no. But good law, law that recognizes a new paradigm of collaborative creativity, will make our job a lot easier. Copyright reform is not about kids" stealing music. It is about recognizing the astounding possibilities inherent in the honest and intelligent use of new technologies.

问答题 Questions 4～6 They weren't exactly Hollywood's idea of a power couple: Disney CEO Robert Iger, once derided as a "suit", and studio chief Richard Cook, who got his start as a monorail operator at Disneyland. But last week Iger and Cook dropped a bomb bigger than any of the explosions you'll see in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. Just weeks after the record-smashing release of the sequel—soon to be the highest-grossing film in Disney history—Cook fired studio president Nina Jacobson and announced Disney was slashing 20 percent of its studio staff and cutting the number of films it makes each year by a third. As usual, Hollywood thought it was all about them. "People are concerned that if Disney is cutting back on live-action movies, then what are other companies going to do," says Jim Wiatt, chief executive of the William Morris Agency. The unflappable Iger's response: "We're focused on our own issues and strategies. If it has an effect on the industry, so be it. But it really is about us. " Not bad for two guys who were considered perpetual bridesmaids. Iger and Cook both spent years toiling in the shadow of larger-than-life CEO Michael Eisner, who ran Disney like his personal kingdom. When Eisner's reign came to a Shakespearean end after a shareholder revolt led by Walt Disney's nephew, Iger found himself having to audition for his boss's job. Cook, who came up through the marketing ranks, had to endure similar Tinseltown tongue-clucking from those who assumed the affable bear of a guy who didn't have teeth. No one's saying Iger and Cook aren't "sexy" anymore. In short order, Iger made up with shareholders and Pixar honcho Steve Jobs, who'd had an epic battle with Eisner, even persuading Jobs to sell the animation company to Disney. Cook, meanwhile, had been turning theme-park rides into movies and getting Disney back to its family roots. "Dick and Bob go by their own beat," says Oren Aviv, who was promoted to president of production last week. "They're not interested in fanfare or press or what other people think." (Mostly not interested: Iger did tell Newsweek once, "I hate being called a suit.") What people think now is that Disney is setting the pace for the industry. The film business has been on shaky ground: U.S. box office is flat, DVD sales have stalled and the cost of making movies is soaring. Family films seem like the only sure bets these days, and Disney is in a prime position to meet the demand. "Disney is the only real brand name in the movie business around the world," says Cook. In fact, Iger is taking the name "Disney World" quite literally. He spoke to Newsweek Friday after flying home from a five-day trip to Asia, where he attended the stage premiere of The Lion King in Shanghai. His immediate goal is to build the Disney brand in China and India. Iger has also aggressively embraced technological advances, podcasting and webcasting episodes of Lost and Desperate Housewives, hits on Disney's ABC network. "I don't see technology as a threat," he says. "Technology allows us to be in step with the consumer. " All of which sounds pretty good to Wall Street. Last week's cuts will save the company between $ 90 million and $100 million a year, according to Cook, and while that wasn't enough to boost its stock price, it sure doesn't hurt investor relations. "Iger has stated his goals and stuck to [them]; investors like that predictability," says analyst Jason Helfstein of CIBC World Markets. "He's widely regarded in a positive light." Ironic, since he wasn't supposed to have the job in the first place.

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问答题A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U. S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is "birthright citizenship" —provided for since the Constitution's 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States." Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship. "Most Americans feel it doesn't make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen," said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. "But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they'll claim you're punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn't want to deal with that. /

问答题中医是中国文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴中华做出了巨大的贡献。如今，中医和西医在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料，备受世界瞩目。用西医的毒性和化学疗法治疗症会引起副作用，中医疗法却公认能显著地化解这副作用。 中国的中医事业由国家中医管理局负责、有条不紊地开展和发扬。现在国家已经出台了管理中医的政策、政令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和开发。 在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中医疗法、中草、针灸、推拿和气功。

问答题Who is John W. Rogers Jr. ? What does the author want to tell us from his example?

问答题在数亿球迷的翘首企盼中，一场盛大的体育狂欢正在如火如荼地进行。32支顶尖球队明星云集德国，为争夺大力神杯而杀得昏天黑地。 世界杯会如何影响世界经济?各国球迷们享用四年一度的足球大餐时，可能无暇考虑这等严肃的问题，但冷静的经济学家们却已经研究出了新成果。像奥运会一样，世界杯作为一种商业赛事，对东道主而言，意味着财源滚滚的“金鸡”。有专家预测，今年世界杯，德国将至少获得 200亿美元的直接经济效益。所以，荷兰Hypercube咨询公司干脆提议，国际足联将目前四年一度的世界杯赛的频率加快一倍，变成两年一度的赛事。

问答题Like the replacement of its old buildings with skyscrapers and the widening of two-lane roads into superhighways, China is instituting massive financial reform to foster growth and prosperity. The government has won global respect for its willingness to tackle banking, securities and state enterprise reform and to begin opening China's markets. At the same time, the government has wisely realized that export growth and foreign direct investment alone cannot drive the kind of growth necessary to sustain development in China. The fact is that domestic consumption will become increasingly more important in fueling China's continuing economic growth. As we have seen in many markets around the world, the development of consumer finance has been critical in stimulating domestic consumption. The use of credit plays an essential role in economic development. Credit provides consumers with more options, and allows them to choose from a wider variety of products and services to meet their desired lifestyles. And the use of credit cards in particular gets cash out from under the bed and begins to build banking habits. But the role of credit does not stop here. It is merely a starting point in the economic development cycle. An increase in consumer spending power leads to greater demand for goods and services. This in turn spurs growth in small-to-medium-sized businesses. The end result is a more mature, diversified economy. based around strong domestic demand and supply, and less vulnerable to external pressures. Think of it as an insurance policy against another regional economic downturn. While parallel development of the consumer finance and credit card industries is needed for long-term economic growth, other initiatives are also necessary to fully develop a sound. strong credit environment. China is changing, and so are its consumers. It wasn't so long ago that consumers had limited choices in the purchase of goods and services. But today, consumers are faced with a tremendous amount of choice, which is increasing every day. The development of new payment systems and options must proceed in tandem with growth in consumer choice. To ensure appropriate consumer response and to help make for a smooth transition, educational and legislative programs are paramount. For example, consumer education on the wise use of credit and financial planning will promote responsible card usage. And consumer rights legislation will help instill consumer confidence in the industry. Providing a strong foundation for the sound issuance of credit cards can also be achieved through risk management initiative such as the establishment of a centralized credit bureau. This will allow banks to ascertain if consumers have a past credit rating and are a "good" risk. All these compelling areas—consumer education, legislation, and risk management—combined with continued infrastructure development, will enable China's payment systems to expand and evolve to the next level.

问答题以往几个世纪人口的增长并不能证明人口会无限地直线向上增长直到毁灭的地步。相反地，人口统计史料证明人口的增长完全不是一成不变的。若技术革新的成果开始减少，从250到350年前就在西方开通出现的并且目前还在继续的人口迅速增长可能也会放慢。当然，当前的知识革命也许会持续下去而无法预见其未来。无论如何，与那种认为人口以几何级数持续增长的观点相反，从长远的观点来说，人口可望受到生产力的调节。接受了这一观点，人口的增长就右以被看成是经济进步和人类胜利的标志，而不是社会衰败的标志。

问答题

问答题据消息灵通人土透露，今年春节前，家乐福才与新大新发生“第一次亲密接触”，其中广州市政府无疑起了“红娘”的作用。短短几个月时间，双方“情投意合”。外界关心的是：家乐福到底看中新大新什么地方? 对此，新大新总经理何先生没有作出正面的回应，只是笼统地陈述在广州的百货业中新大新有自己独特的一面。据何先生透露，这次新大新出资持有新组建的公司35%的股份，家乐福占 65%：“这是按照国家有关部门政策，即中方持股不得少于35%的规定拟定的”。