问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

问答题{{B}} Directions: {{/B}}{{I}}In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.{{/I}}

问答题In-state tuition. For decades, it was the one advantage big state schools had that even the Ivy League couldn"t match, in terms of recruiting the best and the brightest to their campuses. But these days, that"s no longer necessarily the case. Starting this September, some students will find a Harvard degree cheaper than one from many public universities. Harvard officials sent shock waves through academia last December by detailing a new financial-aid policy that will charge families making up to ＄180,000 just 10% of their household income per year, substantially subsidizing the annual cost of more than ＄45,600 for all but its wealthiest students. The move was just the latest in what has amounted to a financial-aid bidding war in recent years among the U.S."s élite universities. Though Harvard"s is the most generous to date, Princeton, Yale and Stanford have all launched similar plans to cap tuition contributions for students from low-and middle-income families. Indeed, students on financial aid at nearly every Ivy stand a good chance of graduating debt-free, thanks to loan-elimination programs introduced over the past five years. And other exclusive schools have followed their lead by replacing loans with grants and work-study aid. And several more schools are joining the no-loan club this fall. Even more schools have taken steps to reduce debt among their neediest students.

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问答题我要微笑面对世界。 从今往后，我只因浮萍拐而落泪，因为悲伤、悔恨、挫折的泪水在疝块上毫无价值，只有微笑可以换来财富，善言可以建起一座城堡。 只要我能笑，就永远不会贫穷。这也是天赋，我不再浪费它。只有在笑声和快乐中，我才能真正体会到成功有滋味。只有在笑声和快乐中，我才能享受蔻的果实。如果不是这样的话，我会失败，因为快乐是提味的美酒佳酿。要想享受成功，必须先有快乐，而笑声便是那伴娘。 我要快乐。 我要成功。

问答题High-school-age boys are more likely to be obese than their female counterparts. Only 30% of high-school-age boys get the recommended 60 minutes of daily exercise.

问答题The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana. That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user's IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavourably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labelled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as "infomania". The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of "always on" technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Furthermore, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rode. Yet one in three Britons believes that it is not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.

问答题The most useful bit of the media is disappearing. A cause for concern, but not for panic. "A GOOD newspaper, I suppose, is a nation talking to itself," mused Arthur Miller in 1961. A decade later, two reporters from the Washington Post wrote a series of articles that brought down President Nixon and the status of print journalism soared. At their best, newspapers hold governments and companies to account. They usually set the news agenda for the rest of the media. But in the rich world newspapers are now an endangered species. The business of selling words to readers and selling readers to advertisers, which has sustained their role in society, is falling apart. Of all the "old" media, newspapers have the most to lose from the internet. Circulation has been falling in America, western Europe, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand for decades (elsewhere, sales are rising). But in the past few years the web has hastened the decline. In his book "The Vanishing Newspaper", Philip Meyer calculates that the first quarter of 2043 will be the moment when newsprint dies in America as the last exhausted reader tosses aside the last crumpled edition. That sort of extrapolation would have produced a harrumph from a Beaverbrook or a Hearst, but even the most cynical news baron could not dismiss the way that ever more young people are getting their news online. Britons aged between 15 and 24 say they spend almost 30% less time reading national newspapers once they start using the web. Advertising is following readers out of the door. The rush is almost unseemly, largely because the internet is a seductive medium that supposedly matches buyers with sellers and proves to advertisers that their money is well spent. Classified ads, in particular, are quickly shifting online. Rupert Murdoch, the Beaverbrook of our age, once described them as the industry"s rivers of gold—but, as he said last year, "Sometimes rivers dry up." In Switzerland and the Netherlands newspapers have lost half their classified advertising to the internet. Newspapers have not yet started to shut down in large numbers, but it is only a matter of time. Over the next few decades half the rich world"s general papers may fold. Jobs are already disappearing. According to the Newspaper Association of America, the number of people employed in the industry fell by 18% between 1990 and 2004. Tumbling shares of listed newspaper firms have prompted fury from investors. In 2005 a group of shareholders in Knight Ridder, the owner of several big American dailies, got the firm to sell its papers and thus end a ll4-year history. This year Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, attacked the New York Times Company, the most august journalistic institution of all, because its share price had fallen by nearly half in four years. Having ignored reality for years, newspapers are at last doing something. In order to cut costs, they are already spending less on journalism. Many are also trying to attract younger readers by shifting the mix of their stories towards entertainment, lifestyle and subjects that may seem more relevant to people"s daily lives than international affairs and politics are. They are trying to create new businesses on—and offline. And they are investing in free daily papers, which do not use up any of their meagre editorial resources on uncovering political corruption or corporate fraud. So far, this fit of activity looks unlikely to save many of them. Even if it does, it bodes iii for the public role of the Fourth Estate. In future, argues Carnegie, some high-quality journalism will also be backed by non-profit organisati0ns. Already, a few respected news organisations sustain themselves that way-including the Guardian, the Christian Science Monitor and National Public Radio. An elite group of serious newspapers available everywhere online, independent journalism backed by charities, thousands of fired-up bloggers and well-informed citizen journalists: there is every sign that Arthur Miller"s national conversation will be louder than ever.

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问答题It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events. And the United States has seen our economy grow. There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the future. " Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect. And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.

问答题Introduce briefly the illegal file-sharing on the Internet today and the countermeasures taken by the recording industry.

问答题One of the most unexpected things about having children is how the quest to mold perfect little humans ultimately becomes a project of making yourself a better person. Though hardly revolutionary, this epiphany came to me recently when I was talking to an inanimate object, Amazon"s Echo speaker, in front of my 18-month-old Jack. "Echo, turn on the lights. Echo, set my thermostat to 72 degrees. Echo, play "Wheels on the Bus,"" I commanded the gadget, which understands and responds to an ever growing set of orders (including, no surprise, "Echo, buy more diapers"). Every time I said "Echo," Jack"s eyes shot up to the cylinder-shaped speaker atop the refrigerator, its glowing blue halo indicating it was listening. Then, one day, the inevitable happened. "Uggo!" Jack barked. "Bus!" After I explained to Jack that it"s not nice to call someone an uggo, I saw myself through my son"s words—and didn"t like how I looked. Sure, Echo doesn"t care how you talk to it. But to Jack, I must have seemed like a tyrant. And by imitation, he became my little dictator. This dilemma is likely only to grow as voice-based artificial intelligence becomes more commonplace. Already, Apple"s iPhones and iPads have Siri: Google-powered devices come with a similar feature, Google Now: and Microsoft has Cortana. Soon we"ll be regularly talking to digital Moneypennys at home, work and everywhere else. Like most parents, my wife and I hope Jack grows up to be kind. Like most toddlers, he needs some help with this. My exchanges with my technology have clearly been setting a bad example. But how exactly to talk to our technology is far from clear. "The issue of "please" is huge. It"s one of the foundations of etiquette," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute and the great-great-granddaughter of America"s best-known arbiter of manners. "Kids model the behavior of the parent, and if you want your child to be using the word please often, you need to use it often too." So now I say "please" as much as I can. I say it to my wife, my son"s teddy bear, Siri, Echo, Cortana, even my dog. But not everybody agrees that speaking to computers the way we"d like to be spoken to is the best way forward. Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Seattle, is one. "I don"t say "please" and "thank you" to my toaster," he argues. "Why should I say it to [Echo]?" Etzioni believes that the machines we have now, our smartphones and tablets, are effectively appliances. "It seems to me that we reserve politeness as a social lubricant," he says. "It has a purpose." And as a father, Etzioni is concerned that his son will overanthropomorphize smart devices. "I"d be worried that he"d get confused in the same way that we don"t want our kids to think Superman is real and then jump off something," he says. If you"ve ever been fooled by an online customer-service chatbot or an automated phone system, you"ll agree that this technology is evolving quickly. Coming generations will find it even harder to differentiate between bots and people, as they encounter even more artificially intelligent assistants backed by machine learning—computers that teach themselves through repeated interactions with human beings. At Microsoft, for instance, there"s a personality team dedicated to helping Cortana get a better grasp of manners and mannerisms. The technology is being infused with cultural cues to make it more likable. For example, Cortana"s avatar bows to Japanese users, who prefer formality. "Having a personality designed into the system, knowing some of the nuances of the way humans communicate, how they use different adjectives and how they say "thank you" and "please"—we think it"s an important part of getting that overall speech and dialogue system right," says Marcus Ash, program manager for Cortana. Meanwhile, Hound, a voice-assistant app available for a broad range of devices, not only processes the magic words (please, thank you, you"re welcome, excuse me, sorry) but also softens its responses when users speak them. "When you say "hello" to Hound, you might hear one type of response, but when you say "hey" or "yo," you will definitely hear a different one," says Keyvan Mohajer, a co-founder and the CEO of SoundHound. For humans, etiquette is a kind of social algorithm for managing feelings. Computers will get better at understanding this—but that will likely take decades. Which is more than enough time for me to solve this uggo problem.

问答题谁是你最景仰的人?据某一中学中开展的调查显示：40%的学生景仰科学家，35%的学生景仰体育、影视明星，只有1.5%的学生景仰自己的父母。为什么如此少的孩子景仰父母?许多孩子认为，父母没做什么惊天动地的大事，至于父母日常对他们的关怀照料，则被视为理所应当。 一些教育专家认为，许多家长在任劳任怨的同时，盲目地关心孩子的学习成绩，容易造成孩子的冷漠和自私，缺乏感恩之心。长此以往，孩子永远不能真正懂得孝敬父母，理解他人，更不会主动帮助别人。父母应该让孩子知道，亲人对他们的付出不是理所应当的。

问答题 中美经贸发展与中美关系 经贸关系历来是中美关系的重要组成部分，也是两国交往中最为活跃的一个方面。自1979年中美建交以来，两国经贸合作虽受两国总体关系影响，经历了一些波折，但一直保持较快发展速度。中美两国经济上的相互依存在不断加强，经贸合作已成为中美关系的稳定器。随着中国深入改革和扩大开放进程的发展，经贸合作在中美关系发展中将发挥更大的作用。 中美经贸联系十分密切，两国已经互为重要贸易伙伴。两国经贸领域的互补性很强，双方可以彼此分享巨大的市场。中美的发展水平、资源结构存在很大差异，在劳动力、资本、技术等方面具有各自的比较优势，因而加强中美经贸合作有助于各自的优势互补。 在中美经贸合作快速发展的进程中，难免出现新的问题，解决这些问题是中美双方共同的长期任务。把经贸问题政治化或采取贸易保护主义的措施，只能损害双方的利益。中美两国应以发展的眼光拓展利益交汇面，实现互利共赢。 中美经贸关系与中美关系整体的发展是一种互动的关系，这就是说，经贸关系的迅速发展可促进整体关系的发展；同时，中美关系正常发展，也可为中美经贸发展创造良好的政治氛围。发展互利共赢的中美经贸关系，对增强中美两国人民的福祉，对推动新世纪中美关系全面健康发展具有重要意义。中美建交以来三十多年的历史证明，在中美关系正常发展时期，中美经贸关系就快速发展，反之，双边经贸发展就出现缓慢、停滞甚至倒退的局面。

问答题 中华民族和中华文化 中华民族是由汉族和55个少数民族组成的大家庭。自远古以来，我国各族人民就劳动、生息、繁衍在祖国的土地上，共同为中华文明和建立统一的多民族国家贡献自己的才智。各民族之间建立了紧密的政治经济文化联系，早在两千多年前就形成了幅员广阔的统一国家。悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。 我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本。中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败，但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。 今天，我们在探索自己的发展道路时，坚持从中国国情出发来建设中国特色社会主义，而不照搬别国的模式。在处理国际事务中，我们采取独立自主的立场和政策。中国人民珍惜同各国人民的友谊和合作，也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的独立自主权利。 自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。中国始终不渝走和平发展道路，致力于营造一个和平和谐的国际和周边环境，绝不谋求霸权。中国的和平发展基于本国国情和文化传统，基于自身根本利益和长远利益，基于世界发展大势和客观规律，是我们坚定不移的战略抉择。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。

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