单选题The author gives all of the following as reasons for preserving forgeries EXCEPT their ability to ______.

单选题Questions 19-22

单选题Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.

单选题Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following talk.

单选题 Questions 19-22

单选题According to the passage, what can be made into fertilizer?

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单选题 If one of your research staff announced that he had worked out a way to propel a vehicle on a cushion of air, would you tell him to concentrate on something practical, or suggest taking it further? If a member of your development team asked if she could come in late because she had her best ideas at 3 am would you insist that she is in the office at 9 am like everyone else? Current business wisdom is that companies need creative, innovative people to beat competitors. The reality is that companies have always needed new ideas to survive and progress, but in the past they weren't particularly good at encouraging the people who produced them. Original thinkers don't always fit easily into the framework of an organisation. However, the advice from managing director, John Serrano is "Get rid of the dull people and encourage the unusual ones". Essentially, he believes that companies need to learn how to manage their original thinkers in order to ensure that the business profits from their contribution. He also says, "Original thinkers often find it difficult to drive change within the organisation, so they resign, feeling angry and disappointed. It is essential to avoid this." "You can't recognise original thinkers by the way they look", says Ian Freeman. An apparently ordinary exterior can conceal a very creative thinker. "His consultancy, IBT Personnel, has devised a structured way to identify original thinkers. We define employees as champions, free-wheelers, bystanders and weak links, and most original thinkers come into the category of free-wheelers. They may miss deadlines if they become involved in something more interesting. They are passionate and highly motivated but have little or no understanding of business directions and systems." Headhunter George Solomon also thinks original thinkers have their disadvantages. "They may have a bad influence within an organisation, especially given the current management trend for working in teams. The original thinkers themselves may be unaware of any problem, but having them around can be disruptive to colleagues, who have to be allowed to point out when they are being driven crazy by the original thinkers behaviour." Yet, in his opinion, the "dream team" in any creative organisation consists of a balanced mixture of original thinkers and more practical, realistic people. So, having identified your original thinkers, how do you handle them? One well-known computer games company has a very inventive approach. "We encourage our games designers by creating an informal working environment", says director Lorna Marsh. "A company cannot punish risk-takers if it wants to encourage creativity. Management has to provide support, coaching and advice-and take the risk that new ideas may not work. Our people have flexible working hours and often make no clear distinction between their jobs and their home lives." Original thinkers may fit into the culture of 21st century organisations, but more traditional organisations may have to change their approach. Business psychologist Jean Row believes that the first step is to check that original thinkers are worth the effort. "Are the benefits they bring worth the confusion they cause? If so, give them what they want, allow plenty of space, but set clear limits. Give them extremely demanding targets. If they fail to meet them, then the game is up. But if they succeed, your organisation stands only to gain."

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单选题 {{B}}Questions 27-30{{/B}}

单选题Over the years, Allan Rechtschaffen has killed a lot of rats just by keeping them awake. In his sleep laboratory at the University of Chicago, Rechtschaffen places each rat on an enclosed turntable contraption that begins spinning whenever the rodent"s brain waves suggest it is beginning to nod off-forcing the rodent to keep moving so that it doesn"t bump into a wall. After about a week of enforced consciousness, the rat begins showing some signs of strain. Odd lesions break out on its tail and paws. It becomes irritable. Its body temperature drops even as it attempts to make itself warmer than usual. It eats twice as much food as normal but loses 10 to 15 percent of its body weight. After about 17 days of sleeplessness, the rat dies. What kills it? "We don"t know," says Rechtschaffen. Thus it goes in the science of sleep. Rats can last about 16 days without eating, suggesting that sleep is nearly as vital to life as is food. Yet scientists are far from answering the seemingly simple question of what, exactly, sleep is good for. Of course, there"s no shortage of hypotheses; insomniacs hoping for some shut-eye might do well to count sleep theories instead of sheep. Many of the most popular theories are extensions of common-sense propositions from human experience. Since we feel rested after sleep, some researchers argue-that sleep must be for rest. Harold Zepelin, professor emeritus in psychology at Michigan"s Oakland University, regards sleep as a period of mandatory energy conservation. "We can"t afford to be active 24 hours per day," syas Zepelin, so evolution dictated this daily period of hibernation. (Some even argue that one reason sleep evolved in humans was to keep us unconscious and out of harm"s way during the night, when we are not exactly the king of beasts.) Smaller animals such as rodents, which have high metabolisms and expend proportionately more energy to make up for the rapid loss of heat that is a geometric consequence of smallness, do tend to sleep more. Larger animals such as giraffes sleep less than five hours each day. But the energy savings from sleep in large animals are so small it is hard to see why they would sleep at all by this theory. Humans save merely 120 kilocalories a night (about the equivalent of an apple) by sleeping rather than staying awake. Moreover, even hibernating animals arouse themselves from torpor to enter sleep and then fall back into hibernation, suggesting that there is a deeper need for sleep than a mere recharging of the body"s batteries. Dennis McGinty believes part of the function of sleep is to cool off the brain. The chief of neurophysiology research at Los Angeles"s Sepulveda Veterans Hospital, McQmty points to a feedback loop in the brain that seems to trigger sleep when the brain gets too hot. When provided with a bar to increase cage temperature, rats that are kept awake jack up the heat about 10 degrees Celsius. By attempting to get warmer than usual, the rats may be hoping to trigger sleep-inducing neurons. The phenomenon also occurs in humans. "If you exercise in the extreme heat, it practically knocks you out," McGinty notes. Well-trained athletes who are able to increase their body temperature during exercise—unlike us weekend workout warriors—sleep about one hour longer than normal. In essence, a jump in body temperature activates heat-sensitive neurons to slow down the body"s metabolism—preferably by sleep—and thus cool down the brain. The body"s minimum temperature comes during the deepest sleep, typically at around 5 a.m.

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单选题Which of the following does not support the statement "Yet there are some crucial ways in which Google differs from Microsoft."

单选题 {{B}}Questions 23-26{{/B}}

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单选题Ordinarily, I"m hardly what you"d call a nosy neighbor—each to his own is my credo. Yet, without moving from my desk, I"ve learned what my neighbors paid for their houses, whether they*ye refinanced, how many bathrooms they have, and what their median income is. I know their birth dates, social security numbers, and driving records. And with a bit more digging I could unearth many of their legal and business dealing. Do you find this unsettling? You might. But consider this: None of this information is considered private. All of it, and much more, is available online to anyone with a computer and a modem. What does the online world know about you? Plenty—whether you"re online or not. Using a pseudonym (handsome@service.com) won"t help, either. That"s because most of the information about you isn"t coming from you, at least not directly. It"s coming from myriad government records and business transactions, which are being digitized, linked, packaged, sold, and re-sold. All of this is legal, or at least it is not clearly illegal. In one sense, the availability of "public records" online is merely an electronic extension of how things have always worked. With a few dollars and a trip to the right city, county, or state agency, you can get copies of many publicly filed records, such as real estate transactions or birth certificates. But a funny thing happened on the way to city hall in the 1990s. Actually, it"s a confluence of four factors: PCs are everywhere, the Internet is connecting millions of them, business and government records are now routinely stored on computers, and government agencies (especially at the state and local levels) are desperately seeking new sources of revenue. In short, the market-place for online information, and the ability or desire to deliver it, are gelling at roughly the same moment in time. Who wants this personal information? Private investigators performing background checks or searching for deadbeat parents want it. Lawyers want it to track down court records and personal assets. So do prospective employers and landlords, to give you an electronic once-over before rolling out the welcome mat. And before you feel too affronted, it"s to find a missing branch in the family tree or to check out a child-care worker. Naturally, marketers want it as well—preferably in large quantities—to try to do what they always do. sell you stuff. They are using cyberspace to snap up e-mail lists and demographics databases to send solicitations to your onscreen in-box, as well as your postal mailbox. And as shopping by computer takes off, they"ll want to know more about your online buying habits as well. One compromise in the works: commerce Net and the Electronic Frontier foundation are testing a system called eTrust that displays standard symbols informing you prior to buying anything online whether information about the transaction will be anonymous, customer-to-merchant only, or shared with other. To be sure, the online arena is not the only place where your personal information is being collected and passed along. Smart cards and codes are being used to learn more about you in places as diverse as your state government and your local supermarket. Often, they will share the knowledge they gather with others. But nothing is spreading the information, or fueling the demand for it, faster than online connections. The demand, coupled with a delivery vehicle of unprecedented efficiency and reach called the Internet, had spawned a booming market for services offering to help you find out more about other people (or them about you). Demand has also spawned a number of new privacy groups bent on curbing, or at least keeping close tabs on the inline information-for-sale industry. Many of these groups are themselves rooted online, and somewhat ironically, are populated by the same brand of free thinkers who routinely oppose any attempts to regulate cyberspace or censor the electronic exchange of information. But for many, the sale of personal information hits a little too close to home.

单选题Questions 16-20 Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital. By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24- hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government"s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the "Intelligent Island". In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore"s work force was rated the best in the world--ahead of Japan and the U. S. --in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service. Behind the "Singapore miracle" is a man Richard Nixon described as one of "the ablest leaders I have met," one who, "in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill. " Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore"s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country"s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment. Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. "If you"ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here," says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position. Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the "moral breakdown" of Western countries. He attributes his nation"s success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America"s. In an interview with Reader"s Digest, he said that the United States has "lost its bearings" by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. "An ethical society," he said, "is one which matches human rights with responsibilities. "

单选题 {{B}}Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.{{/B}}

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