填空题Today"s lecture is about the mass 1 of the world"s population. There are two major 2 why people are moving to cities. The first reason is 3 . People are moving to the cities because that"s where they can find 4 and earn money. The second reason for the move to cities has to do with 5 of life issues: comfort and 6 . Cities often offer better 7 . And then for many, city life is just more 8 . An interesting consequence of urbanization is that the average 9 of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is 10 . Three key 11 can be identified in our cities. First of all, they"re getting bigger. Most cities are bigger now than ever before. Cities are also changing shape. They"re getting 12 , because land is getting more and more expensive. 13 have become a symbol of modern cities. Cities are also changing shape in other ways. The 14 Model and The 15 Nuclei Model are probably more typical of the cities we know today. They show the urban 16 that"s occurring in contemporary cities. The third change is that our cities are breaking up into 17 communities, often by 18 group or 19 level. This often means that people stay within their community and do not come into contact with others from different 20 .

填空题 As crime skyrockets in many communities, people are finally beginning to look for long-lasting effective answers to stem the tide of juvenile crime. Reaching the youth who have committed a crime before they become{{U}} (1) {{/U}}is an essential step in reversing the crime trend. One{{U}} (2) {{/U}}may be the establishment of teen court. Teen court is known as a sentencing court for youths who have{{U}} (3) {{/U}}. Teen courts primarily deal with first-time offenders. After arrest, the young offender must{{U}} (4) {{/U}}to the charge in juvenile court. With{{U}} (5) {{/U}}, the offender agrees to be sentenced and abide by the decision of peer jury{{U}} (6) {{/U}}. Another essential component to teen court is that, as part of the sentence, the offender must sit in on one of more future peer juries to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}for other offenders. For example, a county teen court in Illinois gives young offenders a chance to{{U}} (8) {{/U}}their arrests from their permanent record by{{U}} (9) {{/U}}or other duties ordered by the court. Teen court is not a trial court. All teens admit their guilt and{{U}} (10) {{/U}}a sentence given to them by a jury of their peers. A judge is present to{{U}} (11) {{/U}}of the court. The teen court alleviates the strain on the{{U}} (12) {{/U}}and has been implemented in{{U}} (13) {{/U}}since the first teen court opened in Odessa, Texas. Beside giving the offender a second chance, it gives the youth{{U}} (14) {{/U}}in the judicial process. The purpose of the teen court, aside from sentencing youth offenders, is to{{U}} (15) {{/U}}both the offenders and the teen volunteers while simultaneously promoting{{U}} (16) {{/U}}between defendants, the community, and the police. By offering this{{U}} (17) {{/U}}system, teen court allows those teens who have made a bad decision an opportunity to{{U}} (18) {{/U}}and learn from it. At the same time those teens learn{{U}} (19) {{/U}}. The police, the community, and the{{U}} (20) {{/U}}.

填空题For more than 1 years, immigrants from all around the globe have 2 in America, creating the most 3 nation on earth. 4 out of 10 immigrants in Colonial times came from 5 . Lots of them came to escape from 6 persecution. Many of them enjoyed wages 7 those found in England. By the time of Revolutionary War, the country had nearly 800,000 Africans who were 8 brought to the U.S. as 9 . Not all immigrants were 10 with open arms. Quakes and Jews could not 11 in court in New York City. But after all, the infant colonies were 12 for the basic resource: 13 . In the 1840s, for the first time, the English were 14 at American ports by Germans and Irish, who made up 15 of America"s foreign-born by 1860. On the West Coast, the 16 became the first non-Europeans to 17 to the U. S.. Many of them ended in labor on the 18 . But as the immigration population grew, the English became 19 . In 1882, all Chinese laborers were 20 from entering the U. S..

填空题Psychologists have been studying 1 Internet use since the late 1990s. Brenner"s subjects reported an 2 of 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 3 of interference in 4 functioning, 5 failure to manage time, missing sleep, or missing meals. A surprising result is that 80% of the 6 reported at least five of these signs. These numbers suggest that the 7 of some level of these problems should not be considered 8 . Kathleen Scherer studied 531 students at the University of Texas at Austin and 381 of them were studied further. " 9 " users averaged only 11 hours per week online. Janet Morahan-Martin and Phyllis Schumaker surveyed 10 college students and 11 pathological use by 12 a 13-item 13 which 14 evidence that the Internet was causing personal problems, 15 symptoms and mood 16 use. According to their research, pathological users averaged 17 hours of Internet use per week. Pathological users reported significantly more 18 , used online games more than other users, and they also used more technologically 19 aspects of the Net more than other students. When is Internet use pathological? The simple answer: when it gets in the way of the rest of your life. Addictions involve 20 use despite harm.

填空题There is an increasing need for more food worldwide. According to the projections by the United Nations Population Division, the world population will increase from 6.8 billion today to 9 billion 1 . Sixty-five to ninety percent of the inland capture fish production 2 in the developing and low-income food-deficit countries. 3 for 2020 suggests that 826 million people, or 12. 8 percent, of developing country citizens 4 US $1.25 a day or less and that there will be almost 2 billion poor people living at or below the US $2 a day 5 . The growing population will need significant increase in food production 6 . More land, including wetlands will be used, and some will be used 7 , as agricultural food production expands during decades. This will 8 increased use of agrochemicals with serious negative consequences for inland fisheries. 9 for both irrigation and domestic purposes will continue to increase, leading to 10 of water for fisheries, especially during the dry season. There will be attempts to 11 water between separate basins, with unpredictable consequences for biodiversity. There are also already plans 12 and transform them into shipping lanes 13 , provinces and countries in areas with poorly developed rail and road infrastructure. There is expected to be increased demand for energy, including hydropower— 14 further damming of rivers. The need for animal protein, including fish, 15 . Most marine fish stocks are already exploited. 16 increases in aquaculture production, 17 will increase on inland fish stocks, and there will probably be a rise in unsustainable fishing methods, such as the use of 18 , electrofishing and dry pumping of 19 . These methods are all capable of killing 20 indiscriminately.

填空题What is distance learning? It means that you study on your own, at home or wherever suits you. Recently, the world famous Open University in the United Kingdom has designed a new style of distance learning, which is called " 1 ". The phrase "Open Learning" means you study 2 . You read course material, work on course activities, and write 3 . The word "supported" means you have help 4 , the student services staff at regional centres, and centralized areas such as 5 . You can also contact other students through tutorials and 6 , the University"s online conferencing system, and events and clubs organised by 7 Most distance learning courses use printed paper materials. They also include some 8 materials such as a CD, DVD or video. Many courses have a web site and an 9 . You"ll need access to a computer 10 to make use of these. The Open University can help its students buy a computer and 11 the cost of accessing the Internet. With most distance learning courses, no 12 are required to study. Of course, you have to be aged 18 when your course starts but there is no 13 Currently the Open University has around 14 undergraduate and more than 30, 000 postgraduate students, of which 10,000 have 15 . Nearly all students are studying 16 . About 70 percent of undergraduate students are in 17 More than 50,000 students 18 by their employers for their studies. Most distance learning courses 19 . Some of them are even available in other parts of the world. With over 25,000 of its students living outside the U.K. , the Open University is the 20 that offers distance learning throughout the world.

填空题Wall Street Stocks are mixed with blue chips rebounding from 1 . Right now the DOW industrials are up nearly 12 points at 2 . It has been down 21 points. But the NASDAQ composite is 3 , at 13.43. Bonds also rebounded from their 4 , the treasuries 30-year issue is up eleven thirty seconds of a point 5 , pulling the yield down to 6.62 percent. ITT is offering to 6 , an Italian phone book publisher. The hotel and casino giant is 7 to complete the 1.6 billion dollar deal. ITT actually made the offer long before. Hilton hotels 8 its 6.5 billion dollar take-over bid for ITT. But just a few weeks ago, ITT said it would stick to 9 and sell other assets to help fend off Hilton"s bid. The US dollar is mixed against most major currencies, after 10 on Thursday. The dollar is now up 11 of the yen on the Japanese currency. It"s up slightly on the German Mark, but it"s down 12 on the British pound. Turning to European stock market, shares in Germany 13 on Friday. In Frankfurt, the DAX is 12 points to finish the day at 14 . British and French stocks are also weak. In London, the Financial Times 100 Index is down 34 points. And in Paris the Cackulaunt is down 1 point. 15 in the European tire market is forcing Michelin to slash nearly 1,500 jobs. The French tire markets said the cut will 16 early retirements, transfers and other measures. Union Baker Switzerland reporting 1996 loss of 235 million dollars, but most of that is due to a big charge for 17 . Separately, USB has tracked down a third of its 7 million dollar in dormant accounts 18 World War Ⅱ. But it says none of the money 19 holocaust victims. Later, on world business today we"ll look what this means to 20 .

填空题Could your cellphone 1 ? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, 2 and wi-fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to 3 . Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, 4 , nausea and rashes when they"re 5 or other sources of low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs. Although the World Health Organization has officially 6 that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments 7 . In fact, last April, the European Parliament called 8 to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently 9 requiring 10 on cellphones. If these fears are justified, then perhaps we should all 11 the amount of time we spend 12 or plugging into wi-fi hotpots. Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness— 13 that it might not exist at all. 14 of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries 15 , has been underway for several years. It"s funded in part by the European Union, in part by 16 . The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don"t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk. According to Robert Park, a professor emeritus of 17 at the University of Maryland in the U.S., the magnetic waves 18 to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer. Perhaps it"s just psychological. 19 find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical 20 syndrome, which is a condition that"s considered to be psychological. Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.

填空题A body of research 21 that suggests that there"s little risk to carrying a few extra pounds. And there may even be 22 . Indeed, people who are 10 to 15 pounds overweight appear to have 23 dying than those of so-called "normal" weight. 24 have shown that those who are overweight are no more likely to 25 or cardiovascular disease. Also, being a little overweight may help stave off osteoporosis. And it can make you 26 , too. While experts agree that 27 is a serious health issue with widespread medical implications, there is a difference between 28 and being obese. Indeed, researchers and doctors 29 that eating healthy foods and getting exercise can 30 more than the number that appears when you step on the scale. To calculate 31 should weigh, health-care professionals rely on a measurement that considers 32 , and is known as the "Body Mass Index" (BMI). A BMI of 18.5 through 33 is considered normal. "Overweight" is considered having a BMI of 25 to 34 . A person with a BMI of 30 or higher qualifies as obese. An Australian study found that 35 who were overweight were less likely than those of 36 to die during a 10-year time span. This could indicate that a little extra weight might fortify people a 37 as they age. The study studied about 38 . It found that a little physical activity twice a week was enough to ameliorate some of the harmful effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Doctors who study osteoporosis see some benefits to being 10 pounds overweight. Subcutaneous fat produces estrogen which can help 39 . And it might strengthen a skeleton to carry a bit of extra weight. So Women should not worry if they are 40 , particularly if the fat is not concentrated in the belly.

填空题 It is difficult to give a description of{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}because they vary from state to state and city to city. Some towns allow the sale of very weak, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}, known as "three-two" beer. Some places{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of any alcohol on Sundays, not only in bars but also in shops. You may find a locked bar over the alcohol shelves. In many parts of America, you are not allowed to drink alcohol{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. That is, you may not sit in a park or{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}drinking beer, and you cannot even take a nice bottle of wine{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In some public places, people can be seen taking drinks from cans{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. These are not cans of Coca-Cola. {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving, or even{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}container in the car. Some bars{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}only for beer and wine. Others are also allowed to sell spirits and thus, as Americans say, "{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}". Many bars have a period{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}, often longer than an hour, when they sell drinks with prices{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. This is usually around 5p.m. and may be only{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the week. Legal drinking age varies from state to state but is generally{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Some states permit{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}at 18 but spirits only at 21. Others permit the consumption only of "three-two" beer from 18 to 21. {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, in some parts of the USA, young people{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, marry, raise children, keep full-time jobs, be tried in courts as adults, join the army and even buy guns but not{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In some places 18 to 21 year olds are allowed into bars but not allowed to drink. Another even more interesting aspect of American drinking-age laws is that in some places people{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}are not even allowed to sell alcohol.

填空题 In the past fifty years the invention of{{U}} (1) {{/U}}devices and appliances has made housework much easier. Among these devices and appliances are{{U}} (2) {{/U}}cleaners, electric irons, washing machines, and some others. Probably the most important piece of{{U}} (3) {{/U}}equipment which has been widely used in the last twenty years is the{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. Washing up by hand is not only{{U}} (5) {{/U}}but also extremely boring. Dishwashers are of different sizes and{{U}} (6) {{/U}}. Their capacity ranges from six to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}place-settings. After the dishwasher is plumbed into the mains{{U}} (8) {{/U}}supply, all you have to do is to load dirty dishes, glasses and{{U}} (9) {{/U}}into the machine, pour in some special{{U}}(10) {{/U}}, close the door and{{U}} (11) {{/U}}it on. The machine will wash almost everything except the large{{U}} (12) {{/U}}and dishes with scraps of{{U}} (13) {{/U}}food. It also{{U}} (14) {{/U}}the plates and glasses with its own heat. If your dishwasher is{{U}} (15) {{/U}}or larger, probably you need to wash up only{{U}} (16) {{/U}}a day. Of course this means you have to have{{U}} (17) {{/U}}dishes, glasses and cutlery to last three or four{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. Remember that dishwasher can be quite{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, so you may prefer to use the machine just once a day, preferably{{U}} (20) {{/U}}thing at night.

填空题Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is our built-in 1 predisposition to expand into all possible parts of space. Culturally nearly every successful civilization has been willing to 2 . In exploring, 3 of surrounding areas may be learned and prepared for. Exploration also allows 4 to be located. These resources translate into 5 and success at survival. Resources may be more than 6 assets. Knowledge or 7 acquired in exploring or preparing to explore always filter from the developers to the general 8 . Techniques may be 9 or 10 , allowing the people in a society to better 11 those within or outside the culture. Better understanding may lead to better use of resources or a lessening of outright 12 for the resources. The chance of a large 13 or comet hitting Earth, though small, will 14 . Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to 15 ourselves might not exist. Our genetic 16 will allow humans to move into unoccupied parts of space and 17 . If one group is eliminated, the 18 as a whole survives. The more a culture expands, the less chance of it becoming 19 . Space allows us to 20 .

填空题When people feel sick, doctors treat them. So, who treats animals? Veterinarians are 1 . But they also protect human health. Veterinarians are 2 against animal diseases that 3 . Diseases, like some kinds of bird flu, can spread to humans. Others, like 4 , cause economic damage. Some veterinarians in the United States 5 . Some study diseases. Others work for drug companies and medical companies. And about half of all veterinarians care for more than one-hundred-million cats and dogs that 6 . Becoming a veterinarian is hard work. Students take two years of 7 . They must learn in the classroom about animal biology, diseases, 8 . Then, they attend four years in a college of veterinary medicine. There, students work in laboratories and treatment centers to 9 about animal health. They also learn to 10 . There are twenty-eight schools of veterinary medicine in the United States. 11 study the subjects. Seventy-five percent of the students are women. About two-thousand new veterinarians 12 each year. States give veterinarians 13 to treat animals. A veterinarian must take a test to receive a license 14 where he or she works. A number of groups help veterinarians. The American Veterinary Medical Association is one of the oldest. It started in eighteen-eighty-nine. The organization 15 that teach veterinary science. The 16 established the National Veterinary Accreditation Program in 1921. The program was designed to teach veterinarians how to work with 17 supervising animals raised for food. The program gives veterinarians 18 . Veterinarians have always been important to 19 . They set broken bones, 20 , perform operations and help animals give birth. Many also are involved in the study of diseases that spread among animals.

填空题The Asian 1 has taken its toll on Hong Kong"s tourist industry, 2 of foreign exchange for the area. VOA Hong Kong correspondent reports on the government"s efforts to revitalize 3 of the territory"s economy. Hong Kong has been searching for ways to boost its 4 tourist industry. Efforts to lift the territory"s ailing sector 5 after the government appointed Mike Rouse as its 6 commissioner for tourism. Mr. Rouse says in order to 7 tourism, the government plans to strengthen its 8 and to enhance the territory"s image as Asia"s most popular 9 . Hong Kong is still 10 and great center for tourism, and will always be. However, in the last two years, tourism has taken 11 . Last year arrivals were down 23% from 1997 with 12 visitors coming here. The decline 13 reduced travel in the region because of the Asian economic crisis. Mr. Rouse says 14 to lift the tourist industry includes promoting entertainment activities in the territory 15 arts and culture events. But what has made tourism officials most excited are the efforts to 16 the Walt Disney Company to build a Disneyland theme park in Hong Kong. Such a project could attract 17 two million visitors a year and create tens of thousands of jobs. While negotiation continue, several Chinese language newspapers 18 that Wait Disney has chosen Shanghai instead of Hong Kong. Mr. Rouse, who has been leading the team 19 the Disneyland theme park here, says the territory is still very much 20 . Disney official say they will decide by the end of next month on where they will locate their second theme park in Asia.

填空题Equality is a commonly held value in America. Very few would 1 different groups getting equal pay for equal work. That agreement 2 when the equality formula is equal pay for comparable work. Many think that " 3 " is used politically and often is unfair. There is also general agreement that 4 should be given some assistance such as Head Start to make their 5 with advantaged people more fair. There is vehement 6 , however, over how much assistance is fair. The assistance principle 7 affirmative action programs that had more support 8 because many whites now claim that affirmative action 9 and are putting whites at too great a disadvantage. This may be true 10 but on the whole, I as a white would not 11 all the advantages whites currently have for the supposed advantages that blacks have. 12 in America is that women are on a par with men as having moral value. In some societies, women are the 13 of their husband or father and have very few rights. Here they have rights and supposedly equal value. Nevertheless. 14 , they did not have equal rights in the workplace and few paid attention. As women went to college 15 and young people spoke out against the war, traditions, authorities, and 16 in the 1960s, a new women"s movement developed that changed the 17 . Equal treatment in the workplace became 18 with no strong moral arguments against it. The progress of women has been impressive except for the " 19 " that limited women"s promotions at the highest levels. Now this is part of the present debate about the justice or injustice of the 20 .

填空题What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn"t 1 capacity. It"s the ability to use that capacity by 2 creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative 3 but the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us can be 4 The following 5 suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity. 6 the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast, sometimes you see only its ears or tail. Creative people are always ready to 7 —possibly the only difference between us and them. 8 . Everyone experiences this strange state and can take 9 of it. Often, the "three bs"—bed, bath and bus—are 10 . Anywhere you can he with your thoughts undisturbed, you"ll find ideas 11 freely. Seek 12 . Try inviting friends and business associates from different 13 of your life to a party. 14 people of different ages and social status together may help you think in new ways. 15 your world. This principle works elsewhere as well. To 16 your creativity, learn something new. If you" re a banker, take up tap dancing; if you"re a nurse, try a course in vitamin therapy. Read a book on a new 17 Change your daily newspaper. The new will 18 with the old in novel and potentially 19 ways. Becoming more creative means paying 20 to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that"s within you.

填空题Workers who commute by 21 to the office are more likely to suffer from stress and exhaustion, 22 . Scientists assessed 23 employees aged between 18 and 65. They found that those who travelled to work by car or 24 reported higher levels of stress and tiredness compared to 25 who travelled by foot or bicycle. It is now expected that 26 , from Lund University in Sweden, will encourage 27 the health impacts of commuting and the best forms of transportation. Researcher Erik Hansson said: "Generally 28 suffered more everyday stress, 29 , exhaustion and, on a seven point scale, felt that they struggled with their health 30 the active commuters. " "The negative health of public transport users increased with 31 ." According to the Office for National Statistics, the average Briton commutes for 32 But now the scientists claim that the advantages of daily travel, such as higher pay or 33 , need to be weighed against the adverse health effects. It may also have a cost impact on industry. According to a CBI and Pfizer Absence and Workplace Health Survey, the U.K. economy lost 34 working days to absence last year, with each employee taking an average of 35 , costing employers ā17billion. However researchers 36 that the findings, published in the journal BMC Public Health, 37 commuting causes ill health and further research is needed. Income, family background and 38 are other variables that need to be considered. Hansson added that 39 to "readdress the balance between economic needs, health, and 40 ."

填空题In the summer of 2010, record-high temperatures hit Moscow. At first it was just another 1 but the scorching heat that started in 2 continued through mid-August. Western Russia was 3 in early August that 300 or 400 new fires were starting every day. Millions of acres of forest 4 . So did thousands of homes. Crops withered. Day after day Moscow was bathed in 5 . The elderly and those with impaired respiratory systems 6 . The death rate climbed as heat stress and smoke 7 . The average July temperature in Moscow was a scarcely believable 14 degrees Fahrenheit 8 . Twice during the heat wave, the Moscow temperature 9 Fahrenheit, a level Muscovites had never before 10 . Watching the heat wave play out over a seven-week period on the TV 11 , with the thousands of fires and the smoke everywhere, was like watching 12 that had no end. Russia"s 140 million people were 13 , traumatized by what was happening to them and their country. The most 14 in Russia"s 130 years of record keeping was taking a heavy economic toll. The loss of 15 and the projected cost of their restoration 16 some $300 billion. Thousands of farmers faced bankruptcy. Russia"s 17 shrank from nearly 100 million tons to scarcely 60 million tons as crops withered. Recently the world"s number three wheat exporter, Russia banned grain exports 18 to rein in soaring domestic food prices. Between mid-June and mid-August, the world price of wheat 19 . Prolonged drought and the worst heat wave in Russian history 20 worldwide.

填空题Attitudes about expressing anger vary from culture to culture. In some cultures, almost any sign of anger is inappropriate. In others, people use anger as a way of extending 1 . Finnish people believe that expressions of anger show a lack of 2 . This attitude can make them seem 3 . For example, road rage is a problem in many countries, but not in Finland. There, experts say, 4 doesn"t make people angry. The drivers politely exchange information and then 5 . And no one complains when a bus 6 . The passengers simply get off and wait for the next one. Such behavior 7 in the United States where expressing anger is accepted—even expected. The problem occurs when people from cultures 8 visit countries where it is not. For example, if an American visiting England 9 in a tone of voice that would be effective at home, no one would 10 . They would see him as just another 11 . This is because the English usually avoid showing anger unless the situation is 12 . Avoidance of public anger is also 13 . The expression of anger is unacceptable and destructive. This attitude is very 14 the one in the United States, where many people believe that not expressing anger can 15 , alcoholism, drug addiction, or even violence. In countries that don"t express anger, most people would think this idea was 16 . However, in some other cultures, anger is more lightly received and 17 than in the United States. Americans traveling 18 or some Mediterranean countries are often surprised by the amount of anger they see and hear. They 19 that people in these countries express their anger and then forget it. Even people who are 20 of the anger usually do not remember it for long.

填空题Harvard University is the oldest (1) of higher learning in the United States. The University has grown from 9 students with (2) to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degrees candidates. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including (3) 2,000 faculties. Six presidents of the United States were graduates of Harvard. Its faculty (4) 34 Nobel Laureates. Harvard College (5) 1636 and was named for its first benefactor, John Harvard of Charleston, a young minister who (6) in 1638, left his library and half his estate to the new institution. During its early years, the College offered a classic (7) course based on the English University model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists. Although many of (8) became ministers in Puritan congregations throughout New England, the college never formally affiliated with a specific (9) denomination. Under President Pusey, Harvard undertook what was then (10) fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education, the $82.5 million 'Program for Harvard College'; the program (11) , broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard's (12) . A similar but greatly expanded fundraising effort, the Harvard Campaign, was conducted (13) of Derek Bok and raised $356 million by the end of 1984. Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard's (14) in 1991. As part of an overall effort to (15) , Rudenstine set in motion an intensive process of University- wide academic planning, intended to identify some of Harvard's main (16) priorities. Those have become an integral part of the current (17) . In addition, Rudenstine has stressed the University's commitment to excellence in (18) , the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid (19) and serious financial constraints, and the challenge of living together in a diverse community committed to (20) .