填空题Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you (3) . It can go against all the rules, and change the same (4) . Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a (6) way of life, puI1 out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking (8) . Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like if (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has (10) . Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, (11) . Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and (12) rise! Play is known (13) . Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and (14) . With regular play, our problem-solving and (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and (17) to our daily living. Play can (18) , curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a "hands-on" and "minds-on" learning process. It produces a deeper, (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out (20) .

填空题However mean your life is, 1 ; do not shun it and 2 . It is not so bad as you are. It 3 when you are richest. The fault-finder will 4 Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some 5 hours, even in a poor-house. The 6 is reflected from the windows of the alms-house 7 from the rich man"s abode; the snow melts before its door 8 I do not see but 9 may live as contentedly there, and have 10 , as in a palace. The town"s poor seem to me often to live the 11 of any. May be they are 12 to receive 13 . Most think that they are above 14 by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by 15 Which should be more disreputable? 16 like a garden herb, like a sage. Do not 17 to get new things, whether clothes or friends, 18 , return to them. Things do not change; 19 Sell your clothes and 20

填空题In mediaeval times, the region that led the world in technological 1 was China. 2 , Europe north and west of the Alps was a backwater that had invented nothing 3 except for improved watermills. How did China 4 in science and technology to Europe? Two papers by Graeme Lang, rich with broad implications, address this paradox 5 structural or ultimate causation. Lang begins by pointing out that 6 scientific inquiry in Europe developed within a 7 European institution: autonomous universities where critical inquiry was relatively 8 by governmental or religious authority. Between A. D. 1450 and 1650, 90% of Europeans now considered to be 9 to science receiver university educations, and half of them held career posts at universities. There was 10 in China. Why not? Historical causation is like an onion, whose concentric layers must be peeled back 11 to reveal the ultimate causes at the center. Lang sees the autonomous universities on the onion"s outer skin 12 springing from an underlying layer of European political fragmentation. Mediaeval Europe was still divided into a thousand independent statelets, whereas China was already unified in 221 B.C. So it proved impossible to suppress critical thinking for long in Europe: a thinker 13 in one statelet could (and often did) merely walk into the next. To take just one example, the astronomer Johann Kepler was always able to 14 the authorities by moving away. Technological innovations were as hard to suppress in Europe as was scientific inquiry. Competition between statelets provided a positive 15 for them to adopt innovations that might yield military or economic advantages 16 . (One such beneficiary was Christopher Columbus, whose schemes for ocean exploration were rebuffed in five states before he received backing from the sixth, Spain. ) 17 , China"s unity meant that the decision of a single emperor could 18 over the whole of China—the demise of China"s clocks, 19 fleets and water powered spinning machines being only the most flagrant instances.

填空题{{B}}A: Spot Dictation{{/B}} Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. The Asian {{U}}(1) {{/U}} has taken its toll on Hong Kong's tourist industry, {{U}}(2) {{/U}} of foreign exchange for the area. VOA Hong Kong correspondent reports on the government's efforts to revitalize {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of the territory's economy. Hong Kong has been searching for ways to boost its {{U}}(4) {{/U}} tourist industry. Efforts to lift the territory's ailing sector {{U}}(5) {{/U}} after the government appointed Mike Rouse as its {{U}}(6) {{/U}} commissioner for tourism. Mr. Rouse says in order to {{U}}(7) {{/U}} tourism, the government plans to strengthen its {{U}}(8) {{/U}} and to enhance the territory's image as Asia's most popular {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. Hong Kong is still {{U}}(10) {{/U}} and great center for tourism, and will always be. However, in the last two years, tourism has taken {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. Last year arrivals were down 23% from 1997 with {{U}}(12) {{/U}} visitors coming here. The decline {{U}}(13) {{/U}} reduced travel in the region because of the Asian economic crisis. Mr. Rouse says {{U}}(14) {{/U}} to lift the tourist industry includes promoting entertainment activities in the territory {{U}}(15) {{/U}} arts and culture events. But what has made tourism officials most excited are the efforts to {{U}}(16) {{/U}} the Walt Disney Company to build a Disneyland theme park in Hong Kong. Such a project could attract {{U}}(17) {{/U}} two million visitors a year and create tens of thousands of jobs. While negotiation continue, several Chinese language newspapers {{U}}(18) {{/U}} that Wait Disney has chosen Shanghai instead of Hong Kong. Mr. Rouse, who has been leading the team {{U}}(19) {{/U}} the Disneyland theme park here, says the territory is still very much {{U}}(20) {{/U}}. Disney official say they will decide by the end of next month on where they will locate their second theme park in Asia.

填空题The American passion for speedy has now hit the food business. 73.______ Many restaurants, in particularly the great chain restaurant company, 74.______McDonald's, specialize in "fast food," which is served on the counter 75.______ready "to go" or "to take out". The heat food is packed into cardboard 76.______containers. There are also drive-in fast food restaurants, where 77.______the customer does even have to leave his or her car. They first 78.______stop at a board where the menu is displayed, order through a 79.______microphone and then drive other twenty yards, where a girl hands them 80.______the meal, cooked and packed. People whom prefer to eat in the 81.______restaurant also receive her food in cardboard containers. When they 82.______have finished, they throw the containers into a trash can.

填空题Howisurbanizationnegativelyaffectingoursociety?Growing(1)isassociatedwithurbanism.Urbanism(2),urbanviolence,politicalinstability,crimeand(3)behavior.Italsoperpetuatespovertyand(4)thetraditionalfamilystructure.Otherproblemsincludefailing(5),safety,transportation,housing,educationandelectricity.(6)aremuchhigherinurbanareas.Withdivorceratesrising,(7)isbecomingmoreofaproblemthanbefore.Peopleare(8)byrace,religiouspractices,(9)heritage,aswellaseconomicandsocialstatus.Thisoftencreatesmuch(10)andprejudicebetweensocialgroups.Thiscancausephysicalormentaldamagetoindividualsor(11).Thegovernmentassumesmajor(12)fordevelopmentattemptingtomeetrapidlyincreasingdemandsfor(13),housing,transportationandemployment.Buttheyarenotableto(14)alltheproblemsinurbanareas.Americahashiredapproximately(15)moreteachersinthelastfewyearsthanhavebeenhiredinthepast,buttheincreaseinpopulationkeepsthe(16)justaslarge.Duetothe(17)inurbanareasandthelackof(18)opportunity,thecrimerateisstillahugeproblem.Theproblemsinurbanareasarefarmore(19)thancanbehandledinany(20)efforts.

填空题Manyemployeescomplainthatthey'rebeing(1)whiletheyworkduringthe(2).Inanewsurveyofmorethan900majorU.S.companies,nearly(3)ofthemacknowledgedusingarangeof(4)methodstomonitortheiremployees.Anduptoaquarterofthecompaniesthatmonitortheirworkforcedoit(5).Thenumberofemployeesbeingmonitoredhas(6)inthelastfiveyears.Therearetworeasonsforthis:first,it's(7);second,monitoringcouldbedone(8)andefficiently.Mostemployersinsistthattheseare(9)andevennecessarybusiness(10).Theysayemployershavea(11)toknowhow(12)theyprovideisbeingusedonthejob.Monitoringcanalsobeusedtodeter(13),andfortheworkers'own(14).Butmanyattorneysarearguingthatemployeesdonotgiveuptheir(15)rightswhentheyshowupforwork.Employeesshouldalwaysbe(16)whenthey'remonitored.Someemployeesevenemphasizethatthereshouldbenomonitoringwhatsoeverinpurely(17)areas.Yet,sofarthereisonlyonestate--Connecticut--that(18)surveillanceinareassuchaslockerroomsortheemployeelounge.There'sonlyonefederal(19),the1986ElectronicCommunicationsPrivacyAct,that(20)employeeprivacy.

填空题To prevent thefts and 1 in this neighborhood, there are 3 areas residents should notice. First, bicycle. Bring your bike to a police station where a 2 number will be 3 into the metal of the bike and the police will also 4 it on the list. Get a good lock, or two locks. The cheap locks are easy to 5 . Remember to lock the bike to something 6 . In case of theft, report it immediately. The second topic is 7 . For those who live in apartments, make sure you 8 the door, even when going out very briefly. Always close and lock the windows and 9 and 10 the expensive equipment in the room. For those who live in houses, get a good lock and make sure how many people have the front door key—he maid, your good friend or the 11 ? You had better put a safety-chain on the door so that you can open the door a few 12 to see who it is at the door. The third thing is personal 13 . Avoid walking by yourself at night, especially on streets that are badly 14 . Carry something 15 with you, such as a 16 . Take a taxi when you go home at night. Or stay at friends" home if a taxi is not available. Don"t risk getting a 17 from a stranger even if you are a strong male. It may sound 18 , but I should say it is very important. It is suggested that you take the 19 class offered by the neighborhood committee. Sensible 20 can prevent serious problems.

填空题Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is 1 , a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of 2 , and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the 3 which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they 4 . But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which the health care is 5 Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined 6 , because private care was simply not looking after 7 . But even with this huge public part of this system, which this year will eat up 8 —more than 10 per cent of the US Budget— 9 are left out. These include about half the 10 unemployed and those who fail to meet 11 on income fixed on a government trying to 12 where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there"s no 13 over the health system. There"s no confinement to what doctors and hospitals 14 , other than what the public is able to pay. 15 has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a 16 , all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are 17 Doctors charge as much as they want, knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. 18 in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems. In 2004 19 climbed 15.9 per cent--about twice 20

填空题We are all familiar with aspirin. It is a common household remedy which 1 . But few people are aware of just how fascinating the subject of aspirin actually is. The 2 of this wonderful drug is found in several plants, and five thousand years ago physicians 3 were using an extract from the bark of the willow as a cure for 4 . But it was to be many centuries before the scientific basis of this medication was understood. Then, in 5 , an Englishman, Edward Stone, accidentally rediscovered the medicinal properties of 6 , although he mistakenly attributed its efficacy to its bitter taste and 7 another drug, quinine. Later on, in 1829, a pharmacist 8 , salicylic acid. Unfortunately, the chemical has several undesirable side effects, the most serious of which is that it can 9 . However, at 10 , a chemist working for Friedrich Bayer, 11 , found a way of combining salicylic acid with an acetyl group. A few years later, Bayer 12 , and for the next seventy years it was regarded as 13 . Curiously, during all that time, hardly any research was done into the way aspirin works. Then, 14 , groundbreaking findings were published that showed how aspirin slows down swelling and the coagulation of the blood. This means it also dramatically 15 . As you can imagine, this was exciting news. Further research showed that 16 at risk from a heart attack will not have one if they take aspirin regularly. Although that sounds too good to be true, most doctors now accept that aspirin really does 17 . More controversially, some scientists believe that nearly everyone 18 would benefit from taking aspirin regularly as a preventative measure. Now it seems that the active ingredients of aspirin can also be found in many 19 , and regular consumption of such foods might be 20 a day.

填空题{{B}}Part A Spot Dictation{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. In the ruins of the Palm Beach Hotel you get a powerful sense that an era is drawing to a close that Israel's attempt to settle its people on the Gaza Strip is in its last days. {{U}}(1) {{/U}} the fine sand in front of the beach hotel. But since the Palestinians launched their uprising against Israel the intifada— {{U}}(2) {{/U}} , Gaza has become a violent, dangerous place. People don't come on holiday anymore. The Palm Beach resort complex was abandoned {{U}}(3) {{/U}} The reception area and the dining room have been stripped of their fixtures and fittings. The wind off the sea blows in across floors {{U}}(4) {{/U}}. A similar fate awaits everything that Israel has built here—if {{U}}(5) {{/U}} in August, as planned. Some young settlers have been squatting in the hotel as it's decayed around them. For Elazaar Elchiam, life is good. He lives for nothing in {{U}}(6) {{/U}} The Mediterranean waves are just meters away, and Elazaar has a passion for surfing. {{U}}(7) {{/U}} in one of the nearby settlements— where red-roofed bungalows surrounded by lawns bake in the summer sun. Elazaar dreads the thought that this may well be his {{U}}(8) {{/U}} The settlers say Israel is making a mistake. That it's handing victory to the Palestinian militants who have been attacking Gush Katif for years. {{U}}(9) {{/U}} the possibility that the settler's homes will be treated as the spoils of victory by groups {{U}}(10) {{/U}} To prevent that, it's possible that the army will demolish everything in the days before the Israelis leave. Debbie Rosen, a mother {{U}}(11) {{/U}} in Gush Katif, said she hates the thought of her home being destroyed. But at the same time she couldn't bear the idea of what she called " {{U}}(12) {{/U}}" taking over the house as they celebrate Israel's retreat. Since the Israeli army captured Gaza {{U}}(13) {{/U}}—in the Six Day War—it's been occupied territory. When it moved civilian settlers into the Strip it was breaching the Geneva Conventions— {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. This means nothing to settlers like Debbie Rosen. She said she never thought of her home as being {{U}}(15) {{/U}}. For her, Gaza is part of the land that God promised the Jews. The occupation may mean nothing to the settlers of Gush Katif—but it means everything {{U}}(16) {{/U}} , in the Palestinian town of Khan Younis. For decades, for Palestinian families, the occupation {{U}}(17) {{/U}} and limits and humiliations in many areas of life—and it's hated. Along the western side of Khan Younis Israeli troops man watchtowers that are part of {{U}}(18) {{/U}} And the area has seen many clashes between the army and Palestinian militants. They frequently {{U}}(19) {{/U}} on the settler communities that they see as being so symbolic of the Israeli presence. The beach used to be an escape from the heat and {{U}}(20) {{/U}} of Khan Younis. But to keep the militants out of the settlement zone, the army has blocked the Palestinian road to the sea. Khan Younis has lost its beach.

填空题{{B}}Part A Spot Dictation{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Many people neglect this most important communication skill. Do you know that we spend an average of {{U}}(1) {{/U}}.? Of this communication time, 9% is spent writing, {{U}}(2) {{/U}} and 45% listening. Immediately after hearing something, most of us can recall only 50% of what we hear. Within two to eight weeks, we can recall {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of the original message. Our mental attitudes {{U}}(4) {{/U}} what we hear. Some suggestions to {{U}}(5) {{/U}} are mentioned below. First of all, stop talking—you can't listen {{U}}(6) {{/U}} Ask questions—when you don't understand, when you {{U}}(7) {{/U}} , when you want them to like you and {{U}}(8) {{/U}} that you are listening. Don't interrupt— {{U}}(9) {{/U}} to say what they have to say. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} what they are saying—actively {{U}}(11) {{/U}} on their words, their ideas and their feelings as they {{U}}(12) {{/U}}. Look at the prospect—by looking, it gives them confidence that you are, in fact, listening. It helps you to concentrate too. {{U}}(13) {{/U}}—try to forget your own {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. Leave them outside of the meeting room. They will {{U}}(15) {{/U}} well. Understand the main points—concentrate on the main ideas and not {{U}}(16) {{/U}}. Don't argue mentally—when you are trying to understand other people, it is a {{U}}(17) {{/U}} them mentally as they are speaking. This only {{U}}(18) {{/U}} between yourself and the speaker. Use the {{U}}(19) {{/U}}—you can listen faster than you can talk. So use this rate difference to your {{U}}(20) {{/U}}, anticipating what they are going to say, and thinking back over what they have just said and evaluating the development of their argument.

填空题 Avoid eggs. Drink 8 glasses of water a day. Eating carbs will {{U}}(1) {{/U}}. Nutritional advice such as this has been touted for years but is it accurate? {{U}}(2) {{/U}}, according to Wendy Repovich, an exercise physiologist at Eastern Washington University, who did her best to dispel several common {{U}}(3) {{/U}} during a health and fitness summit held recently in Dallas. "Eating eggs will raise your cholesterol. " This myth started because egg yolks have the {{U}}(4) {{/U}} of cholesterol in any food, Repovich said. However, when eaten in {{U}}(5) {{/U}}, eggs do not contain enough cholesterol to pose health risks, she said. "Most people avoid eggs and {{U}}(6) {{/U}} they have any kind of cardiovascular risk their physicians tell them to avoid eggs, but really, there aren't {{U}}(7) {{/U}} studies that show that one or two eggs a day really {{U}}(8) {{/U}} to cholesterol levels. " "Eating carbohydrates makes you fat" is {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. Cutting carbs from the diet may help a person shed pounds due to {{U}}(10) {{/U}} from a decrease in carbohydrate stores, but eating carbs in moderation does not directly lead to {{U}}(11) {{/U}}. Here's another myth. "Drink {{U}}(12) {{/U}} water a day. " Repovich said people need to replace water lost through {{U}}(13) {{/U}}, urinating, sweating each day but that doesn't necessarily total 64 ounces of water. "I see an awful lot of people carrying bottled water around, I think people are still {{U}}(14) {{/U}} that they have to drink 8 glasses of water a day, but most people don't realize they get water from {{U}}(15) {{/U}} in the diet. " And too much water can be harmful, Repovich warned, leading possibly to {{U}}(16) {{/U}} in the body of sodium, a condition called hyponatremia. It's also a myth, that everyone needs {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, although Repovich admits to popping a multivitamin each morning. People who eat {{U}}(18) {{/U}} fruits, vegetables, whole grains, along with moderate amounts of a variety of low-fat {{U}}(19) {{/U}} and the right quantity of calories, probably don't need a vitamin supplement, she said. "But for the most part, we don't eat {{U}}(20) {{/U}} so probably a simple multivitamin is good for most people. "

填空题{{B}}Part A Note-taking And Gap-filling{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. Extinction is {{U}}(1) {{/U}} speed. The world's rain forests are being {{U}}(2) {{/U}} at an alarming rate. Oceans are being {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of fish. Pastures are turned into {{U}}(4) {{/U}} jungles. To support biodiversity, we need to eat {{U}}(5) {{/U}}. What we eat {{U}}(6) {{/U}} our relationship with nature. Fast food is an ecological {{U}}(7) {{/U}}. Fast food chains {{U}}(8) {{/U}} rain forests for cattle grazing. The land beneath rain forests has to be {{U}}(9) {{/U}} within a few years. Fast food chains serve the {{U}}(10) {{/U}} food all over the world. Local farmers abandon their {{U}}(11) {{/U}} crops and try to grow the {{U}}(12) {{/U}} needed for the very limited international {{U}}(13) {{/U}} In supermarkets, the diversity is only in the {{U}}(14) {{/U}} , while the {{U}}(15) {{/U}} is always the same. Food choices are being dangerously {{U}}(16) {{/U}} Multinational corporations have already succeeded in {{U}}(17) {{/U}} many plants and animals. To preserve biodiversity, we can choose to eat in {{U}}(18) {{/U}} restaurants rather than fast food chains, buy local {{U}}(19) {{/U}} produce and avoid buying {{U}}(20) {{/U}} fruits and vegetables.

填空题 The United States Department of Agriculture{{U}} (1) {{/U}}for organic food products. The requirements come more than{{U}} (2) {{/U}}after Congress ordered the development of such rules. Currently, different state and{{U}} (3) {{/U}}establish organic food requirements in the United States. Each group uses its own rules to decide what products may be called organic. Organic food is one of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}in American agriculture. The Agriculture Department estimates that American farmers sold{{U}} (5) {{/U}}worth of organic food last year. Farmers who grow organic food{{U}} (6) {{/U}}to increase their crops or to control insects and disease. Many people believe that eating organic food is{{U}} (7) {{/U}}than eating food produced with chemicals. Some people{{U}} (8) {{/U}}pay more for such food products. {{U}} (9) {{/U}}says there are more than{{U}} (10) {{/U}}in the United States who grow food organically. Most of them produce only{{U}} (11) {{/U}}food. Yet, the number of organic farmers is{{U}} (12) {{/U}}of about 12 percent each year. The new requirements set rules for what food products{{U}} (13) {{/U}}. For example, at least 95 percent of{{U}} (14) {{/U}}called organic must be organic. {{U}}(15) {{/U}}will be permitted to{{U}} (16) {{/U}} "made with organic ingredients" if at least 70 percent of their materials are organic. In addition, a state or private agency approved by the Agriculture Department must document which farms or businesses{{U}} (17) {{/U}}organic foods. The rules bar the use of genetic engineering, the process of changing the genes of living things. They bar the use of waste products to{{U}} (18) {{/U}}to fertilize organic food. They also bar treatments with radiation to kill bacteria on food products. Farmers and food companies have 18 months to start obeying{{U}} (19) {{/U}}. Americans will begin to see the effect of the rules in their local stores by the summer of 2001. Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman{{U}} (20) {{/U}}. He called them the strongest and most complete organic food rules in the world.

填空题Most "unassertive" people are not confident and take no for an answer much too easily. There is a growing awareness in our society that this tendency (1) the rights of large numbers of people. For example, in recent years there has been an upsurge in (2) and pressure groups. This is a (3) as there will always be a need for such organizations to (4) individuals and minorities in a competitive society. The danger is that we (5) for our rights and lose the art of asserting ourselves. It is better for (6) with other people if you can learn (7) for yourself. Now, we have to learn to ignore some of the (8) that may be ringing in our unconscious minds, such as: "If you ask once more, I'll flatten you", and " (9) ". The main technique that we use in (10) to practice the art of persistence is called Broken Record. (11) we hear one sentence over and over again until we reach screaming pitch and (12) . Broken Record is the skill of being able to repeat over and over again, (13) , what it is you want or need, until the other person gives in or (14) . Now, this technique is extremely useful for dealing with situations where your rights are clearly (15) , or coping with situations where you are likely to be diverted by clever, (16) . The beauty of using Broken Record is that you (17) because you know exactly what you are going to say, however (18) the other person tries to be. As with most assertive techniques, it must be used appropriately. It is (19) and is not designed to foster deep, interesting conversations and friendships with people! It is primarily of use in situations where (20) .

填空题I"ve spent the past twenty years working in some of the poorest places on earth, and, over that time, I"ve written a lot about 1 . How has that connection affected my work? I think in a way 2 like a squatter settlement in central Haiti has been very helpful to our work because 3 hid there in terms of the health status of people and what"s available to them that you just have to confront early on. There isn"t 4 . There aren"t people there to deliver health services, 5 . And, yet, that"s precisely where 6 are. I think looking back to 7 , it was because we started in that setting that we had to 8 that would work in places with very scant health infrastructure, knowing that we would 9 . But that there was a lot that you could do—immediately. Train local people to be 10 . Erect modest facilities and try to 11 . That"s how it started for us in Haiti. And really, that"s the model we"ve taken to 12 in which we work. Actually we needed to deal with issues that many people 13 , like housing and water and things like that. There are two ways to look at this, I think, 14 or a provider of services. If I"m in a Harvard training hospital and 15 , then no one"s going to expect me to diagnose and 16 , but also build the operating room and find electricity and supplies. But that"s very much 17 . So, there is that side of the model. And that leads to listening hard to what patients say about their other problems. If you have someone who has typhoid, they got that because they don"t 18 . So, you could keep spending your whole life treating typhoid, which 19 , as you probably know. Or you can treat typhoid and 20 .

填空题Using a public telephone may well be one of (1) of life, demanding patience, determination and (2) , together on occasion with considerable unpopularity. The hopeful caller (shall we call him George?)waits till six o'clock in the evening to (3) the so-called 'cheap rates' for (4) . The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands (5) two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George joins a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to (6) while the person immediately before George carries on an endless conversation, pausing (7) another coin every minute or so. Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the box. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, (8) that someone unknown has tom out the very page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial Directory Enquiries, (9) (while someone outside bangs repeatedly on the door) and finally (10) given. At last George can go ahead with his call. Just as he is (11) , however, the door pens and (12) peers in: As he continues to dial, his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of (13) , immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he (14) he has placed ready (15) of the box. Having at last located them, he dials again: the pips are repeated and he hastily inserts the coins. A cold voice (16) , "Grand Hotel, Chalfont Wells," I've an urgent message for a Mr. Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you (17) to him? I'm afraid I don't know his room number. The response appears less than enthusiastic and (18) . George inserts more coins. Then the voice informs him I've been trying to locate Mr. Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him (19) . Breathing heavily, George replaces the receiver, just as (20) starts again.

填空题Babies begin to develop language skills long before they begin speaking. Adults have a 1 time learning new languages as they grow older, but 2 have the ability to learn any language easily. Such studies show that, up to about 3 months of age, babies can recognize all the sounds that make up all the languages in the world. Most kids speak in full sentences by age 4 Children begin 5 only to the sounds of the language they hear the most. About 6 sounds make up the languages spoken around the globe, but not every language uses every sound. To a native Japanese speaker, the letters 7 and 8 sound identical. So a Japanese speaker cannot tell "row" from "low," or "rake" from "lake. " By around age 7, a baby"s brain has disposed of all the 9 connections that the infant was born with. So, if you don"t start studying a foreign language until 10 school, you must 11 against years of brain development, and progress can be 12 . A 12-year-old"s brain has to work much 13 to forge language connections than an infant"s brain does. Learning the baby"s brain might also help scientists design 14 that learn languages as easily as babies do. Useful as computers are, they cannot 15 and 16 like people do. Researchers have found that it is far 17 for a language learner to talk with people who speak the language than to rely on 18 CDs and DVDs with recorded conversations. When infants watched someone speaking a foreign language on 19 , they had a completely 20 experience than they did if they watched the same speaker in real life.

填空题Renowned U. S. economist, John Rutledge