填空题Today I want to discuss problems of 1 and three possible polices which could stop 2 urbanization in developing countries. Certain urban problems are 3 to both developed and developing countries, for example, poor housing, 4 , traffic congestion and pollution. But there are problems that are 5 to developing countries and this is due to need of these countries to provide a basic infrastructure necessary for 6 . The provision of this infrastructure is the urbanization process itself. There are five main 7 of this uncontrolled urbanization: Firstly, people 8 from the country to city because they see the city as a more 9 place to live. Secondly, rural areas thus become less 10 and this causes a decrease in the production of food. Thirdly, there is high urban population growth rate. Fourthly, there is a dramatic 11 on the supply of social services, especially those services related to education and 12 , and finally uncontrolled urbanization leads to an 13 of labor supply the cities. There are three policies which could 14 this kind of uncontrolled urbanization in 15 countries, Firstly, to promote a more equal 16 distribution. In this way farmers would be more 17 to stay on the land. Secondly, to improve the supply of social services in the 18 areas, particularly in the field of health and education. And thirdly, to give 19 assistance to agriculture, especially to the small 20 .

填空题{{B}}Part A Spot Dictation{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. It streaked across the sky in a warm March evening last year, then {{U}}(1) {{/U}} a street in the small town of Monahans, Texas. When seven boys quit their basketball game to {{U}}(2) {{/U}} the damage, they found a shiny, black grapefruit-size rock nestled in the asphalt. {{U}} (3) {{/U}} traveled quickly in newspapers and on TV. The next day, NASA scientist Everett Gibson arrived and took the meteorite, later named Monahans 1998, back to a lab in Houston. There researchers {{U}}(4) {{/U}} the extraterrestrial rock with a hammer and chisel. To their surprise, they smack water. A team led by Michael Zolensky of the Johnson Space Center reports {{U}}(5) {{/U}} in the current issue of the journal Science. It's the first time anyone has found liquid water {{U}}(6) {{/U}} from space-and a tantalizing suggestion that {{U}}(7) {{/U}}. Meteorites containing water are probably not {{U}}(8) {{/U}} , Zolensky says. But by the time researchers get their hands on the rocks, minerals that trap the water {{U}}(9) {{/U}} away, and the water has evaporated. "Worse, some researchers destroy the aqueous evidence by cutting meteorites open with rock saws and water. I'm betting this isn't {{U}}(10) {{/U}}; it's just that people have been {{U}}(11) {{/U}} their meteorites," Zolensky says. Of course, Zolensky's team did get a bit lucky. Monahans 1998 was safe in their lab less than two days after it hit Earth, so they examined {{U}}(12) {{/U}}. The scientists were intrigued to find vivid purple crystals of halite inside the meteorite, since halite is a salt {{U}}(13) {{/U}} usually formed from liquid water. Even more curious were the hundreds of tiny bubbles {{U}}(14) {{/U}} in the halite crystals. Zolensky's team analyzed the bubbles by shining {{U}}(15) {{/U}} through them and confirmed they were made of salty brine. By dating the halite, Zolensky's team found the water trapped inside it formed at least 4.5 billion years ago, back when most scientists believe {{U}}(16) {{/U}} was born. That means the briny relic may help researchers learn about the gaseous-nebula that {{U}}(17) {{/U}} our sun and planets. But how did the meteorite get wet? One possibility is that a passing comet {{U}}(18) {{/U}} the rock, dropping off a load of liquid water. Or the rock might have chipped off an asteroid that holds pools of fluid. Zolensky's team still needs to study whether the water comes from our own solar system. One thing is certain, however: the Monahans meteorite will fuel {{U}}(19) {{/U}} extraterrestrial life. "Water is a life-giver, so if you want to study where life came from in the solar system, you have to {{U}}(20) {{/U}}," Zolensky says. A wet rock from space doesn't mean little green men are coming soon to a planet near you, but it does raise hopes that we're not alone in the universe.

填空题Instead of talking about human nature, we can talk about habits. We can speak of our ability to control habits. We can change habits by eliminating unwanted ones and adding new ones. Success in school and life is largely a matter of 1 effective habits. It can be one simple, small change in 2 . Let me suggest a few steps in changing a habit. First, we should face the 3 about any habit, from failing asleep in class to cheating on examinations. Without taking this step, our efforts m change may become fruitless and futile. When we admit what is really going on in our lives, we are open to 4 and Support Second, we should commit to 5 the new behavior. After we choose a new habit, we need to use it and make a 6 for when and how. We may ask ourselves such questions as these. When will I 7 the new habit? Where will I be? How, exactly, will I think, speak, or act 8 ? Third, we should get 9 and support, which is a crucial step and a point where many of our plans for change 10 down. One way to get feedback is to ask other people to 11 us. If we want to start a new behavior, consider telling our close friends or family 12 who can give the more 13 , long-lasting support necessary in starting new habits. We ourselves are the most effective 14 for our own support and feedback. We know ourselves 15 than anyone else and we can design a system to 16 our own behavior in starting the new habit. Finally, we need to keep 17 the new behavior until it becomes as 18 as breathing. Even when we don"t get the 19 we want from a new behavior, we can still learn something 20 from the process of forming the new habit. Once we have learnt how to change one habit, we know how to change any habit.

填空题People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of 1 . To lose weight, you can reduce the number of calories you 2 , or increase the number you use, or both. Experts at the National Institutes of Health say 3 , a person should do an hour of moderate to intensive physical activity most days of the week. This could include 4 , sports or strength training. You should also follow a 5 and take in fewer calories than your body uses each day. A recent study 6 four of the most popular dieting plans in the United States. Researchers at Stanford University in California studied more than 7 women, mostly in their thirties and forties, Each woman 8 one of the four plans: Atkins, The Zone, Ornish or LEARN. The women attended diet classes and received 9 about the food plans. At the end of a year, the women on the Atkins diet 10 the most, more than four and one-half kilograms 11 . They also did better on tests including cholesterol levels and 12 . Christopher Gardner led the study, reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He says the Atkins diet may be 13 because of its simple message to lower intake of sugars. Also, he says 14 increase protein in the diet leads to more 15 meals. He says there was not enough money to also study men, but that men would probably have 16 . But last week, another report suggested that only 17 people have long-term success with dieting. The report in the journal American Psychologist was based on 18 studies. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, medical school found that most dieters 19 their lost weight within five years. And often they gained back even more, But those who 20 generally were the ones who exercised.

填空题A lack of sleep can easily make a child cranky, 1 . But can it make 2 elementary-school child more likely to 3 or even delinquent? A new study suggests 4 . Among third- through fifth-grader, poor sleep 5 more aggression as well as a higher incidence of depression, anxiety and low 6 All the kids in the study 7 have more emotional and behavior problems when their sleep was impaired. But the effect 8 children under stress, 9 those from poor families. 10 , when the kids in poverty got enough sleep, their behavior tended to 11 near a normal range. Similar emotional effects have been found 12 . A Columbia University study linked lack of sleep among teens to a 13 , and a 20% higher rate of 14 Sleep loss also has academic 15 . Research shows that getting enough sleep tends to improve kids" grades. 16 a lack of sleep may affect small children"s 17 development. Readers, do you see 18 in your children when they lose sleep? Do they have a tougher time emotionally? How do you 19 get your children settled for adequate sleep amid other pressures of the juggle? Any advice for getting your kids off to bed early 20 ?

填空题Harvard University is the oldest 1 of higher learning in the United States. The University has grown from 9 students with 2 to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degrees candidates. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including 3 2,000 faculties. Six presidents of the United States were graduates of Harvard. Its faculty 4 34 Nobel Laureates. Harvard College 5 1636 and was named for its first benefactor, John Harvard of Charleston, a young minister who 6 in 1638, left his library and half his estate to the new institution. During its early years, the College offered a classic 7 course based on the English University model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists. Although many of 8 became ministers in Puritan congregations throughout New England, the college never formally affiliated with a specific 9 denomination. Under President Pusey, Harvard undertook what was then 10 fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education, the $82.5 million "Program for Harvard College"; the program 11 , broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard"s 12 . A similar but greatly expanded fundraising effort, the Harvard Campaign, was conducted 13 of Derek Bok and raised $356 million by the end of 1984. Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard"s 14 in 1991. As part of an overall effort to 15 , Rudenstine set in motion an intensive process of University- wide academic planning, intended to identify some of Harvard"s main 16 priorities. Those have become an integral part of the current 17 . In addition, Rudenstine has stressed the University"s commitment to excellence in 18 , the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid 19 and serious financial constraints, and the challenge of living together in a diverse community committed to 20 .

填空题Most people believe that the landscape is 1 , but Earth is a 2 body with a continually 3 surface. There are 2 principal influences that shape the 4 : constructive process such as 5 and 6 forces such as erosion. Hills and mountains are often regarded as the 7 of permanence. But, interestingly enough, the higher a mountain is, the more 8 it was formed. Lower mountains tend to be 9 and are often the eroded 10 of much higher mountain chains. The earth"s crust is thought to be divided into huge, 11 segments, called plates, which 12 on a soft plastic layer of rocks. Some mountains are formed as a result of these crustal plates 13 into each other, and forcing up the rock at the plate 14 . Some mountains may be raised by 15 or formed as a result of 16 activity. Any landscape represents only a 17 stage in the continuous 18 between different forces. The main agent of erosion is 19 . The landscape is continually eroded by rain, ice, tree roots and 20 .

填空题I"d like to discuss some of the ways researchers try to measure quality of life or well-being and the difficulties with such measures. Traditionally, economists have used levels of standard of living as 1 of quality of life among countries or within countries. For most of the 20th century the only measurement used to compare the standards of living of citizens of different countries was national 2 . In the second half of the 20th century indices including 3 and 4 indicators have been developed, so as to give a more 5 picture of people"s living conditions. The best-known of these indices is the United Nations Human Development Index, or HDI, which was first published in 6 . There are three parts to this particular index: long and healthy life, education and standard of living. The concept of living a long and healthy life is captured by life 7 . Educational attainments are measured by two indicators: by adult 8 rates and by the ratio of combined 9 in education. Standard of living is measured in terms of Gross 10 Product per capita. But those three dimensions leave out other very important aspects of human development. The number of factors included is too 11 . Schumacher argued that 12 economics measure standard of living by the amount of annual 13 , assuming all the time that a person who consumes more is 14 off than another who consumes less. But a Buddhist economist would see this as 15 . Since consumption is merely a 16 to human well-being, the aim should be to obtain the 17 of well-being with the 18 of consumption. Therefore, 19 GDP per capita would not be a 20 indicator of greater human development.

填空题What does it mean to relax? Despite 1 thousands of times during the course of our lives, 2 have deeply considered what it"s really about. When you ask people what it means to relax, most will answer in a way that suggests that relaxing is something you 3 —you do it on vacation, in a hammock, 4 , or when you get everything done. This implies, of course, that most other times should 5 , agitated, rushed, and frenzied. Very few actually come out and say no, but this is 6 . Could this explain why so many of us operate as if life were one great 7 ? Most of us postpone relaxation until our "in-basket" 8 . Of course it never is. It is useful to think of relaxation as 9 that you can access on a regular basis rather than something 10 some later time. You can relax now. It"s helpful to remember that relaxed people can still be 11 and, in fact, that 12 go hand in hand. When I"m feeling upright, for example, I don"t even 13 . But when I feel relaxed, my writing 14 . Being more relaxed 15 training yourself to 16 to the dramas of life, turning your melodrama into a mellow drama. It comes, in part, from 17 over and over again (with loving kindness and patience) that you 18 in how you respond to life. You can learn to relate to your thinking as well as 19 in new ways. With practice, making these choices 20 a more relaxed self.

填空题Music can be divided into several categories, or groups. Some of them are. classical music, traditional music, rock music, and jazz music. The first group is classical music, which refers to (1) music that originated in Europe a few (2) years ago. Beethoven and Bach were two famous (3) of classical music. Classical music is usually played by a variety of (4) instruments, such as the violin and the cello, and by a variety of (5) instruments such as the flute and the saxophone. The second type is traditional music. Traditional music comes from a particular (6) . For example, "blues" music is one kind of (7) in the United States and "enka" music is one kind of traditional music in (8) Each culture has its own special instruments for (9) its traditional music. In some places, traditional music is also referred to as " (10) music". The third kind is rock music. Rock is generally a (11) kind of music and it is played with a strong (12) Rock musicians often use (13) instruments, such as electric guitars and electric pianos. Beginning in (14) about 60 or 80 years ago, rock music became very popular, especially among (15) people, during the 1960's and 1970's. Today, rock music still remains a (16) of the younger generation. The fourth kind of music is jazz. Jazz music is said to have originated in (17) It has a different kind of (18) from other kinds of music. A variety of musical instruments are used to play jazz music, such as the trumpet, the saxophone and the piano, as well as (19) instruments. You may find that many kinds of music nowadays are (20) of classical and traditional, or classical and jazz, or rock and jazz, and so on.

填空题Many typically "American" characteristics are a result of 1 . There is remarkable ethnic 2 in the U. S.. Among its population of 3 million, 4 % is White, 12% African American, and 8% 5 . Many Americans don"t like 6 being made about them because they see themselves as very unique. 7 is probably the most highly esteemed value in the American culture, and Americans may feel uncomfortable when given more help than they need, because they see 8 as weakness. The focus on the individual has led to a more 9 society. For example, phrases like "drop by any time" are others ways of saying 10 11 and frankness are more important to Americans than "saving face", and they may bring up impolite conversation topics which you may find 12 , controversial or even offensive. This encourages them to dissolve 13 themselves. Some behaviors have culturally become associated with straightforwardness. For example, a firm 14 is often interpreted as a sign of sincerity, so is direct eye contact. To most Americans, honesty is always preferred to 15 16 is considered an important attribute, and you will need to offer an apology and 17 if you are more than 18 minutes late. Americans also value achievement and 19 , so sports 20 are often displayed in their homes.

填空题 In the early 1970's, Citibank of New York City became one of the first financial institutions to install ATM's on a large scale. Since then, the{{U}} (1) {{/U}}of automated teller machines has increased dramatically. At the time, the bank hoped{{U}} (2) {{/U}}their operating costs by replacing human tellers with machines. Little did they{{U}} (3) {{/U}}that the cash machines would become so successful. However, as more banks added{{U}} (4) {{/U}}automated service through ATM's, the machines mushroomed all over the world. To use an ATM, all you need is a{{U}} (5) {{/U}}issued by your bank. Your bank may also{{U}} (6) {{/U}}through a credit card, such as MasterCard or Visa. To begin a{{U}} (7) {{/U}}, you need to insert the card into an ATM and punch in a personal identification number on the{{U}} (8) {{/U}}. The personal ID number may consist of{{U}} (9) {{/U}}and can prevent anyone from using the card. The ATM next flashes instructions on its{{U}} (10) {{/U}}for carrying out transaction. To get cash, for example, you are instructed to{{U}} (11) {{/U}}that indicate whether the money should be withdrawn from a checking or a savings account and the{{U}} (12) {{/U}}. This request is then displayed on the screen. After you press a button to{{U}} (13) {{/U}}that the information is correct, the ATM goes to{{U}} (14) {{/U}}.How safe, you may ask, is banking by ATM? The{{U}} (15) {{/U}}is meant to prevent anyone, no matter who you are, from using a cash card{{U}} (16) {{/U}}. If you enter the wrong ID number for a card, a message on the screen will{{U}} (17) {{/U}}. If you fail to produce the correct number for three times, most machines will{{U}} (18) {{/U}}.As another precaution against{{U}} (19) {{/U}}, the bank generally limits the amount that may be withdrawn by cash card{{U}} (20) {{/U}}, say, to $ 200.

填空题{{B}}Part A Note-taking And Gap-filling{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOKLET and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. The American work force is changing. The most important change is from a {{U}}(1) {{/U}} economy to a {{U}}(2) {{/U}} economy. Generally, service jobs are divided into {{U}}(3) {{/U}} types. One, transportation and {{U}}(4) {{/U}} companies, like the phone company. Two, {{U}}(5) {{/U}} companies. Three, {{U}}(6) {{/U}} companies. Four, finance, {{U}}(7) {{/U}} and real estate companies. And finally, five, {{U}}(8) {{/U}} services, such as hotels, car repair, {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, and medicine. Economists predict that by the year 2000 {{U}}(10) {{/U}}% of the work force will be part of the service economy. Then what are the causes for such a change? First, American manufacturing industries are not {{U}}(11) {{/U}} because they are faced with {{U}}(12) {{/U}} from other parts of the world. Secondly, because of technological advances, {{U}}(13) {{/U}} accounting and other business have become important. Thirdly, more {{U}}(14) {{/U}} are now having jobs and this has increased the need for {{U}}(15) {{/U}} and day-care centers. And finally, the number of {{U}}(16) {{/U}} people has gown, so have {{U}}(17) {{/U}} services. But, according to some economists, the service job explosion may create problems. The standard of living might {{U}}(18) {{/U}} because half of the service jobs pay {{U}}(19) {{/U}} wages. The other problem is that some service jobs give a worker very little {{U}}(20) {{/U}}.

填空题There are two ways of thinking of history. There is, first, history regarded as (1) , really the (2) , from the universe to this nib with which I am writing. (3) There is the history of the universe, (4) --and we know something of it, if we do not. know much. Nor is (5) , when you come to think of it, between (6) . A mere pen-nib has quite (7) There is, to begin with, (8) with it, and that might be (9) After all it was probably only (10) that wrote Hamlet. Whatever has been written with the pen-nib is part of its history. (11) there is the history (12) : this particular nib is a "Relief" nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook ＆ Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with pen-nibs, (13) —a gift, I may say, but behind this nib there is (14) In fact a pen nib (15) , and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it—history—as (16) of all things: a pen-nib, (17) before me as I write, as a (18) There is, secondly, what we may call (19) , what we usually mean by it, history proper as (20) .

填空题Breakfast is supposed to be (1) of the day. But on average we spend just three minutes and (2) on a weekday breakfast- and we're so pressed for time that we often eat it (3) . In fact, only half of us eat breakfast at all, (4) . Many prefer to have a lie-in, while others blame the growing pressure to (5) . Only a third of us now (6) in the kitchen. Some resort to eating it in the bedroom, or even the bathroom, with (7) getting dressed at the same time. Around a fifth manage to eat only (8) because they have so little time, while more than a third say they (9) of the day on the bus or train. In Birmingham, (10) said they were too busy on the internet or watching TV in the morning to eat breakfast. In London 57 percent said the same, and (11) from Bristol and 51 percent of Mancunian agreed. One in seven eat at their desk at least (12) —and one in five confess to grabbing something as they (13) and eating it while they walk down the street. But (14) it was the most important meal of the day, and seven in ten always have (15) according to the survey commissioned by Weetabix. Sian Porter, a company (16) , said; "Encouragingly, the research indicated that possibly 1.2 million of us find time to eat a hot breakfast (17) and demonstrates that Brits do understand (18) breakfast, even going as far as (19) it on the bus, or (20) , to try and fit it in. /

填空题When you stop and think about your high school or college alma mater, were your experiences more positive or negative? Do your feelings of (1) in that school have anything to do with whether or not your school was single-sex or coed? (2) to send their children to single-sex schools, because they feel both (3) when they study in the company of students of the same sex. They (4) . For years, only parents who could afford to send their children to private schools, or who had (5) , chose single-sex education for their children. Single-sex schooling was (6) for most American families. Today, however, along with (7) , public schools are experimenting with the idea of (8) . Girls may be the ones who benefit most from single-sex schooling. Studies have shown that (9) in coed classrooms because teachers sometimes pay more attention to boys. Girls' (10) toward their studies tends to disappear as they begin to feel less successful. They start to (11) outperform them in math and science. As boys (12) , girls start to lose it. Moreover, adolescence is (13) for girls. As they experience adolescent changes, some girls become depressed, develop an addiction, or suffer from (14) . In the early 1990s, some influential people said that being in single-sex classes could (15) . Schools across the country began creating single-sex classrooms and schools. But many critics claim that (16) may actually be detrimental to a girl's education because they (17) of sex differences. The renewed interest in single-sex schooling (18) among Americans. Those who give it full endorsement believe girls need an all-female environment to take risks and find their own voices. Those who (19) of single-sex schooling wonder whether students' lack of achievement warrants returning to an educational system that divides the sexes. They believe there is no (20) .

填空题Television is the single 1 on American life and the widely recognized lowest common denominator. More homes have televisions than 2 , and the average child spends more time watching television that he or she does in the classroom. Television 3 ; news that isn"t covered on television didn"t happen and television-only events 4 . Daytime shows lean towards 5 with plots that revolve around infidelity and medical crises, and talk shows in which hosts prod 6 no sane person would want to make public. The American passion for 7 reaches a frenzy in evening game shows. Another evening staple is the hard-boiled 8 , which dwells on lurid topics such as body-snatching, 9 , and juvenile prostitution. The latest development in this kind of program is 10 , on which cameramen follow the police around for an evening and 11 . Television reached its highest level, or perhaps more accurately, its lowest, with 12 , which provides more than 50 channels of programs. Specialized programs include The Weather Channel, 13 ; Music Television (MTV) and 14 and soul music imitators; C-span, which shows the 15 and is widely applied as something that makes you sleep, and Courtroom television, which allows viewers to shriek at the television judge the way sports fans might 16 . On American television, few topics are considered 17 . Turn on a television any afternoon and you can see people discussing, 18 , before millions of viewers, topics natives of other nations 19 in the dark. Faced with such unabashed exhibitionism, one is 20 , "Is nothing sacred?" The answer, of course, is "Well, actually, no. Not on television, anyway."

填空题Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of{{U}} (2) {{/U}}, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the{{U}} (3) {{/U}}which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is{{U}} (5) {{/U}}. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined{{U}} (6) {{/U}}, because private care was simply not looking after{{U}} (7) {{/U}}. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up{{U}} (8) {{/U}}—more than 10 per cent of the U. S. Budget—{{U}} (9) {{/U}}are left out. These include about half the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}unemployed and those who fail to meet{{U}} (11) {{/U}}on income fixed by a government trying to{{U}} (12) {{/U}}where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no{{U}} (13) {{/U}}over the health system. There is no confinement to what doctors and hospitals{{U}} (14) {{/U}}, other than what the public is able to pay. {{U}}(15) {{/U}}has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a{{U}} (16) {{/U}}, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are{{U}} (17) {{/U}}. Doctors charge as much as they want, knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. {{U}}(18) {{/U}}in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems. In 2004{{U}} (19) {{/U}}climbed 15.9 per cent—about twice{{U}} (20) {{/U}}.

填空题{{B}}Part A Note-taking And Gap-filling{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. Nothing is better than the television when it is good. On the other hand we can also say that nothing is worse when the television is {{U}}(1) {{/U}}. If you sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and keep your {{U}}(2) {{/U}} glued to that set until the station signs off, I'm sure you'll observe vast wasteland, you will see a procession of {{U}}(3) {{/U}} shows, violence, formula comedies, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, {{U}}(4) {{/U}} , Western bad men, Western {{U}}(5) {{/U}} , private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons, as well as endless {{U}}(6) {{/U}} that scream and cajole and {{U}}(7) {{/U}}. It is true that you will see a few enjoyable things. But they will be very, very {{U}}(8) {{/U}} There are some fine {{U}}(9) {{/U}} shows, but they become nothing compared with the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. There are many people in this great country, and the television must {{U}}(11) {{/U}} all of them. It is known that people would more often prefer to be {{U}}(12) {{/U}} than stimulated or {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. For example, if given a choice between a western and a {{U}}(14) {{/U}} , more people will watch the western. But it is obviously not in the public {{U}}(15) {{/U}} that all the people in this country are offered only one steady diet. The television must provide a {{U}}(16) {{/U}} range of choices, more diversity and more {{U}}(17) {{/U}}. The television must not only {{U}}(18) {{/U}} to the nation's whims, but also serves the nation's {{U}}(19) {{/U}}. After all, the people of this country {{U}}(20) {{/U}} the air.

填空题News can be something the authorities want you to know, or something they would rather keep secret: an announcement of a 1 , denial of a failure, or a secret scandal that nobody really wants you to 2 . If the authorities want to tell the world some good news, they issue statements, communiques, and call 3 . Or politicians make speeches. Local newspapers, radio and television help to 4 to what is going on. And by making contacts with 5 , journalists can ask for more information or explanations to help them 6 . Unless the correspondent is an 7 , it is rare to trust any single source. Officials have a policy to defend, and 8 want to attack it. Rumor and gossip can also confuse the situation. So, you have to 9 as much as possible, using common sense and experience as final checks to help establish just what"s likely to be the truth, or 10 . Just getting the news is only half the job. A correspondent may be well-informed, but his job is to 11 , the public. So, once the information is available it has to be written 12 which is also easily understood. Particularly for radio, since, while a newspaper reader can turn back and reread a sentence or two, the radio listener has 13 . This also means that only a limited number of facts can be contained in a sentence and that there should be an 14 . And vital information necessary to understand the latest development should be presented 15 in ease the producer of a news program decides to 16 an item, by cutting for example the last sentence or two. Finally, the style of presentation must 17 . A cheerful voice might be perfect for a 18 . But it would be sadly out of place for a report of a 19 . And this would also confuse and distract the listener, probably 20 just what had happened and to whom.