单选题. This passage is adapted from material published in 1993 ①The recent recognition of a link between increasing rates of deforestation and increasing global climatic warming has focused new attention on the ecological role of forests. ②Deforestation threatens the continued existence of forests, and their loss would lead to an immediate, irreversible destabilization of the climate because the destruction of forests contributes to increased atmospheric concentrations of such heat-trapping gases as carbon dioxide and therefore to the acceleration of global warming. ①The world is at present accumulating carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from two well-known sources: the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation. ②Deforestation results in higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because the carbon stored in plants and trees is released when trees decay or are burned. ③A third sources, the warming-enhanced decay of organic matter in forests and soils, especially in the middle and higher latitudes, is now being recognized as potentially significant. ④Evidence is accumulating that carbon from this source is beginning to have global effects. ⑤Thus, two of the three sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are directly related to the survival and health of forests. ①In the discussion about the importance of forests, however, emphasize has fallen on biodiversity, or numbers of species per unit area, especially in the tropics, where such diversity is particularly high. ②But forests, it should be emphasized, have a similar role in every latitude. ③They contain the largest numbers of different kinds of plants and animals of any community on land and might be considered the most highly developed of the terrestrial communities from the standpoint of complexity of structure and diversity of life and life forms. ④Forests are far more than simple collections of species, however. ⑤It is unfortunate that the discussion of biotic or living resources has been focused on biodiversity rather than on the actual ability of the land itself to support life. ⑥In order for the complete range of plant and animal life to thrive, the soil must contain essential nutrients in their proper quantities and proportions, and the atmosphere must be composed of the correct molecules in their proper proportions. ⑦If the soils were to become infertile and the atmosphere inhospitable, more than mere diversity or numbers of species would be lost, the land would become impoverished and no longer be able to support any life.5. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing the ______

单选题. ①The area of literary rights is confusing for scholars whose work focuses on collaborative materials particularly materials of earlier Native American writers. ②Questions arise over authorship and the determination of literary heirs. ③For example, recognition of heirs turns on the European-based assumption of the private ownership of a written statement. ④The first person to writer down an oral tale can become legally recognized as the owner of that version of the story, just as the first chemist to patent a trial healing practice becomes the owner of the resulting chemical formula. ⑤This instance on private rather than collective ownership, derived from the nineteenth-century notion of the autonomous, creative, authorial voice, flies in the face of those who come from an oral tradition. ⑥Thus a scholar concerned with finding literary heirs in order to afford them the benefits of copyright laws must in so doing accede to legal concept of ownership that has been used to appropriate knowledge from community-based cultures.29. The example of a chemical patent is used to illustrate a ______

单选题 ①In the 2

单选题n is a positive integer greater than 1Quantity A: the greatest common divisor of n+4 and n+5Quantity B: 1

单选题. ①Historian Sheilagh Ogilvie challenges the view that training by European craft guilds from 1560 to 1760 was necessary. ②Her main evidence, however, is based only on female employment in one guild. ③Like most other guilds, the Wildberg weaver's guild banned women from becoming masters; however, it exempted master's widow. ④Indeed, widows accounted for 14 percent of all masters. ⑤Ogilvie claims that these "untrained" widow prove "the irrelevance of training." ⑥But Wildberg master-widows were not untrained for, as Ogilvie notes elsewhere, wives and children worked with masters, their training may have been informal, but it existed nevertheless. ⑦At least 80 percent of widows were married to masters for longer than the standard six-year apprenticeship, an unknown proportion of the remainder had grown up in weaving families.15. In context, the primary function of the final sentence of the passage is to ______

单选题. ①In 1876 Edmond Duranty dubbed the style of emerging French Impressionist artists "The New Painting". ②More than a style, the Impressionists' luminous landscapes were regarded as a new way of seeing. ③Of course, it was not wholly new. ④The English painters Constable and Turner, whose work French artists knew, had already painted out of doors earlier in the century and brilliantly sought to capture the impact of natural scenes on their sensibility. ⑤Courbet's toughminded realism and Jongkind's harbor scenes also had much to teach the emergent movement. ⑥The Impressionists never denied this ancestry; but they were aware, too, that they had taken these painters' unconventional experiments to unfamiliar levels and, consolidating themselves as a movement, had indeed made painting new.11. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence? ______

单选题0＜x＜y＜zQuantity A: 10xzQuantity B: y210

单选题x and y are integers x＞yQuantity A: the number of integers between x and y, inclusiveQuantity B: x-y+1

单选题If a and b are integers and a-b=8, thena+b CANNOT be

单选题15. The economy of Colonia has been in recession for the past eight years. Most companies that have not been forced into bankruptcy have survived thanks to the high efficiency of the employees they retained, which helped the companies control costs. In recent months, however, the Colonian economy has begun to recover, and companies are beginning to expand their workforces. Colonia, therefore, will soon experience a drop in average worker efficiency, since ______. Which of the following, if true, most logically complete the argument? ______

单选题12. In Stanton the average number of people injured per automobile accident is consistently higher for accidents involving a taxicab than for those not involving a taxicab. Although all Stanton taxicabs are equipped with passenger seat belts, taxicab drivers reporter that passengers tend not to use them. It is likely, therefore, that if taxicab passengers were required to use seat belts, the number of people injured per accident would soon be no higher for taxicabs than for other automobiles. Which of the following, if true about Stanton, most seriously weakens the argument? ______

单选题 ①Because the subject matter was so personal

单选题11. Stone Age potters crafted complicated and often delicate ceramic pots, tools, and jewel. They also crafted crude pottery figurines. Many of the delicate ceramic pots, tools, and jewelry have been found intact or nearly so, whereas the figurines, crafted at roughly the same time as the ceramics, have largely been found in tiny fragments. Which of the following, if true, best explains why few of the pottery figurines, but many of the delicate ceramics, have been found intact? ______

单选题 ①Early in the twentieth century

单选题xy＜0, yz＜0Quantity A: xzQuantity B: 0

单选题. ①Observations of social play in several species of mammals indicate that individuals often depart from the usual social conventions by, for example, alternating dominant and subordinate positions in ways that do not occur outside the play context. ②Some researchers have even suggested that individuals must follow a 50:50 rule during dyadic play (play between two individuals), so that each participant wins an equal proportion of play encounters. ③Commonly cited cooperative tactics used to equalize play include self-handicapping (participants make themselves more vulnerable to attacks by their opponents) and role reversal (individuals that are dominant in the nonplay context appear subordinate during play). ④Where such tactics occur among unevenly matched opponents, they appear to facilitate play by making play more appealing to the less advantaged player. ①When Bauer and Smuts set out to study play behavior in domestic dogs, they made several predictions. ②They expected to find no significant sex differences in dogs' play behavior. ③The motor skills dogs use in play fighting parallel those used in nonplayful aggression and hunting, areas in which dogs ' behavior is relatively undifferentiated by sex. ④They also predicted that the advantages imparted by larger relative size, by the experience of age, and by higher dominance status would affect dogs' dyadic play. ⑤Existing research on a variety of animal species suggests that individuals with such advantages often refrain from attacks and pursuits or engage in self-handicapping so as not to intimidate their play partners. ⑥If this held true for dogs, larger, older, more dominant dogs would show more self-handicapping than their partners. ⑦But Bauer and Smuts predicted instead that dogs would deviate from the hypothetical 50:50 rule, with advantaged individuals retaining their positions by performing the majority of attacks and pursuits and engaging in fewer self-handicapping behaviors than their partners, thus reinforcing existing hierarchies. ① Bauer and Smuts' three-year study of dogs' dyadic play found that most dyads showed some degree of asymmetry (one dog winning more encounters than the other) and some dyads showed complete asymmetry. ②They also found that in general, older dogs performed more attacks and pursuits and that younger dogs engaged in more self-handicapping. ③Role reversal between dominant and subordinate individuals varied widely: several dyads never reversed dominance roles, a few reversed them frequently, and most reversed them occasionally. ①Bauer and Smuts' finding about asymmetry in dyadic play has several implications. ②First, it indicates that active self-handicapping and role reversals are not necessarily required for play to occur. ③Indeed, play often continued at length even when one partner always won. ④Second, since frequent role reversals occurred, it appears that normal status asymmetries are often significantly more relaxed in the play context. ⑤This suggests that role reversals, while not always necessary, probably do facilitate play.23. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______

单选题25. One of the legends that has been attached to the nineteenth-century writer Edgar Allan Poe is that he was addicted to morphine. Poe discussed virtually every known aspect of his life in his letters. However, nowhere in his voluminous correspondence does he mention his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence, it is safe to conclude that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? ______

单选题. ①Historian Colin Calloway argues that in the late colonial period preceding the American Revolution (1775-1783), the British government sought to seal off territory west of the Appalachian Mountain from the encroachment of land-hungry White settlers, to negotiate with Native American peoples as independent foreign states, and to guarantee the integrity of traditional native American hunting grounds. ②By contrast, White Americans, released by the out break of the Revolution from the constraints of Britain's allegedly benevolent policies, are portrayed by Calloway as ruthless land-grabbers whose new national government endorsed their rapacity. ③Bernard Bailyn argues, however, that the "Americans" who encroached on Native American land during the Revolution had been British only a few years before. ④When, during and after the Revolution, White Americans seized Native American land by any available means, they were continuing a tradition dating back to the earliest years of English settlement in North America. ⑤And, according to Bailyn, the British government's prewar efforts to preserve the trans-Appalachian west for Native Americans resulted not from humanitarian virtue or ethnic tolerance but from British Merchants' desire to maintain their lucrative trade with native Americans and the government's desire to control immigration and avoid costly conflict between White and Native Americans over land.38. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______

单选题If the two roots of the equation 2x2-mx-k-m=0 are 6 and 2，what is the value of k?