填空题A Globalisation is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction between people and companies in disparate locations. As a term, "globalisation" has been used as early as 1944 but economists began applying it around 1982. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with its coining through the article he wrote in 1983 for the Harvard Business Review entitled "Globalisation of Markets". The more encompassing phenomenon has been perceived in the context of sociological study on a worldwide scale. B Inflation risk is whether a rate of return or an investment keeps up with the rate of inflation. For example, if there is 4 percent inflation over the year, you must have 4 percent more money at the end of the year than at the beginning of the year to buy the same amount of goods and services. That means your stock need to go up in value more than 4 percent to earn a return on your investment. Stocks have generally done very well in this category. C A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the conclusion that there is such an accumulation of CHGs (especially CO 2 ) in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic causes, that the climate is changing. The over-concentrations of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. Globally implemented LCE"s therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change, and as a precursor to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy. D A web search engine, which is commonly named as "a search engine", is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are usually presented in a list of results and are commonly called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input. E Cultural tourism (also called culture tourism or cultural heritage tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region"s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those peoples, their art, architecture, religion, and other elements that help shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural communities (i. e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle.

填空题Task One—Person·For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the people, listed A- H.·For each extract, choose the person who is speaking.·Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.A the sales directorB the managing directorC a secretaryD a new junior managerE the advertising managerF the finance directorG the catering managerH the information technology manager

填空题 · For each extract, there are two tasks. Look at Task One, for questions 13-17, choose the key point about success of each one from the list A-H. Now look at Task Two, for questions 18-22, choose the statements used to describe success from the list A-H. Task One—Key Point for Success · For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the key point, listed A-H. · For each extract, choose the key point stated. · Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract. A quality people with quality work B removal of cooling towers C balance between public and private sectors D the year's recession E the revenue flow F installation of new towers G a step ahead of similar business H cutting work forces

填空题an open position in a futures contract

填空题An investment trust who want to make sure that if they do not get a dividend one year, they will get that dividend plus the following year"s dividend.

填空题Television Network As one of the three major commercial networks, CBS was organized in 1928 in which its founder, William Paley, acquired ownership of a 41．the group of radio stations. As the Columbia Broadcasting System 42．expanded its operations, and soon becoming the largest radio network 43．in the United States, it is precociously recognized the potential for the 44．rapidly evolving television broadcasting technology. On July 13th, 45．1931, it began to experimental television broadcasting in New York, 46．and ten years later it began regular black and white week broadcasts 47．over its WCBW TV station in the same city, in which became WCBS TV 48．in November 1946. With Television City in Hollywood, CBS has launched 49．the industry's first full scale production studio there. Today CBS owns 50．television stations, radio stations, home video production and distribution. 51．The CBS Broadcasting Group is composed of six divisions, television 52．network, entertainment, sports, news, local television station, and the radio. For most of commercial television history, CBS has been the leader in prime time ratings, having the highest rated shows in almost every year from the mid-1950s through the mid-1980s.

填空题With ______ to our telephone conversation yesterday, I am writing to confirm our agreement. (refer)

填空题A． Hire With Your Head Lou Adler，president of the Power Hiring consulting and training company，provides a systematic approach for finding，interviewing and hiring the best candidate for a job．He emphasizes making an objective assessment and，to this end，he provides techniques for overcoming first impressions．The book includes charts and checklists that highlight important points．This well-organ-lzed guide to effective hiring is hig hly recommended to company owners，human resource per-sonnel and managers involved in the hiring process．Alert job seekers may also find it useful to learn what a good interview will demand．B． Hiring the Best Any manager with hiring authority knows that selecting the‘right’candidate for any position is a nervewracking task．Author Martin Yate'S basic book can help inexperienced managers hire effectively，although this useful primer on interviewing and hiring is a little wordy．Yates provides great detail about key steps，such as when to schedule a phone interview，what to ask and how to conduct an interview．He even provides numerous sample questions for each major job category，from entry level to management．C． Ask the Right Questions，Hire the Best People This book boasts of a list of questions designed to make your interviews effective in weeding out the pretenders and uncovering that dream hire．The book's real value is in its list of interview questions，with accompanying comments on what answers you should be looking for．It seems impossible that you could read this book and not stumble over one question that makes you smile and tuck it away to spring later on some unsuspecting interviewee．This book will prove useful for human resource professionals or any manager charged with hiring．D． Hiring and Keeping the Best People This book covers a huge amount of valuable information about hiring and retaining a great workforce．If more companies followed its fivestep hiring process，not only would talented employees face greater competition for their services，companies would get better staffers and the fit of workers to their jobs would improve．The book demonstrates an awareness of the realities of diversity in the modern workplace and the expectations employees have about worklife balance. This handy guide is clear and concise，and is highly recommended to anyone involved in the hiring and retention process．E． How to Hire a Champion David Snyder，a business consultant with a psychology graduate degree from Harvard，believes that managers must be able to evaluate applicants'personality traits to hire the right people．His assertions are hard to dispute．His book is Ioaded with good advice，although the writing can get choppy and repetitive．Still，it is strongly believed Snyder provides solid，practical and useful information．When you think how hard it is to live withor discard-an incorrect hire，you'll want to be sure you take on the right people．

填空题Read the conditions of a call for tender set out by a company for its suppliers and replace each participial clause with a relative clause for questions 1-4, and vice versa for questions 5-8. Suppliers doing more than 50% of their business with us will have to reduce this dependency. Suppliers {{U}}which do{{/U}} more than 50% of their business with us will have to reduce this dependency. 1. Any company wishing to be considered must submit their bid by 20 April. 2. Bids submitted after that date will not be considered. 3. Anyone giving inaccurate information will be disqualified. 4. Prices quoted in this initial bid will be treated as negotiable. Potential suppliers who want to find out more details may call 0208 895 6767. Potential suppliers {{U}}wanting{{/U}} to find out more details may call 0208 895 6767. 5. Anyone who questions the terms should contact our contracts office. 6. Companies who are owned by a larger group or parent company must declare this fact. 7. Suppliers who cannot fulfil all the conditions need not apply. 8. The decision which will be made on 14 May will be final.

填空题·Read the article below about interviewing.·For each question 31-40, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. {{B}}Keep the Process Fair{{/B}}Interviewers who allow first impressions to guide their questions can fall into a pattern that shifts the balance of the conversation only in ways that confirm the first impression, regardless {{U}}(31) {{/U}} whether it is correct.For example, an interviewer who is immediately impressed {{U}}(32) {{/U}} a candidate starts chatting amiably, asks easy questions and allows the candidate to pontificate on what they would or should or could {{U}}(33) {{/U}} in some future world when hired. The hiring manager or interview committee spends more time talking {{U}}(34) {{/U}} listening; most of that talking is done in an effort to sell the candidate on the job, {{U}}(35) {{/U}} screen his or her qualifications. The hiring manager or interviewing panel is left with a warm, fuzzy feeling about the candidate and high hopes {{U}}(36) {{/U}} the future but with no real understanding of the skills and knowledge that the candidate would bring to the job, and no impressions to confirm {{U}}(37) {{/U}} deny in the all-important reference-checking stage. Worse yet, an interviewer who has a negative impression of a candidate often does {{U}}(38) {{/U}} opposite, spending most of the interview disengaged or tearing the candidate apart through overly tough questions or a combative attitude.To keep the interview fair, remember that {{U}}(39) {{/U}} takes at least 10 minutes for a candidate to get past his or her own nervousness and for the hiring manager or interviewing committee to establish a flow of conversation. Suspending judgment at least until a rapport is established is the most effective way to begin to see candidates for {{U}}(40) {{/U}} they truly bring to the table.

填空题{{B}}PART THREE{{/B}}{{B}} · Read the following text. · Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. · Mark one letter A, B, C or D for the answer you choose.{{/B}} High productivity depends on a combination of factors, of which the most important are as follows.{{B}}individual productivity{{/B}}The productivity of the individual depends on both his ability and his desire to do the job. The former ability depends, in turn, on native ability and on training. The latter varies with incentive.The more complicated a job becomes, the more training is necessary to ensure efficient operation. Thus, developing training programs within production units is one important factor in the maintenance of high individual productivity.Moreover, the establishment of good general and specific education programs is essential to the maintenance of efficiency and contemporary practices in production. This is particularly true at managerial levels.The quality of management has a large significance to productivity since management teams are responsible for keeping equipment up-to-date, deciding production methods, developing marketing programs, fostering good relations between employers and employees, establishing good working conditions and installing incentives.{{B}}incentives{{/B}}Incentives to efficiency at the individual and small group level can take various forms. Financial gain is one of the most common and also one of the most effective. However, others such as good working conditions, employee benefits and a positive social environment in the work place are important considerations.At the production unit level, whether it be a small workshop or a large factory, competition provides a serious incentive. When a company has a monopoly or a protected niche for its operation, a general lassitude can delay replacement of aging equipment, allow loss of vigor in marketing, and permit slackness in individual behaviors. Thus, a certain amount of competition is useful to keep a company at the forefront of production efficiency.{{B}}capital equipment{{/B}}Appropriate capital equipment implies, in term of efficiency, having equipment which optimizes the output of items produced per dollar input. General[y, this means regular updating of all equipment, from production machinery to hand tools to office instrumentation. However, modernization incurs expenditure. If such spending is very large, it may be considered as a form of saving. Such investment spending may, under some circumstances, delay a rise in standard of living. This could be because of preferred production of industrial products over consumer products and a reduction in consumer spending, because of deferred wage increase. So capital expenditure which will cause increased production in the future, can be considered as an enforced saving with a view to achieving a higher standard of living at a later date.{{B}}market size{{/B}}As the quality of production increases, it is usually possible to reduce the cost of production per item. Thus, with very large production runs, the cost per item may be vastly reduced and profit per item will consequently be greater. Such as economy of scale is dependent on the accessibility of a market large enough to justify the enormous but necessary start-up costs, estimation of the market size may determine that the production must be distributed regionally, nationally or even world wide.It is clear that the supply side of the economy is the basis of economic viability. This applies to highly industrialized nations where labor is expensive and the tendency is towards technical specialization, It also applies to less developed nations where there is an abundance of labor. In all cases a balance exists between production costs and profits available in the product market.

填空题Younger people are more likely to talk about their money issues than their elder counterparts，it has been revealed．Saga Personal Finance has found that 14 percent of over-50s are happy to talk about their finances ln (31) ，compared to 21 percent of under.50s．People (32) ．claimed they are unwilling to discuss money openly said they believe those matters should stay private(50 percent)and a tenth explained it was (33) they were embarrassed about their financial situation．Around half of the under-50s said they were happy to (34) ．money with their friends，whereas this fell to 30 percent among the older group．It was also revealed that 71 percent of Brits in a relationship have a separate current (35) ，explaining that they want to keep their money apart as the main (36) ．Nearly a fifth claimed it was because they did not want to take responsibility (37) ，someone else's spending and 12 percent explained this was a good way to avoid arguments regarding finances．However，15 percent of couples said they argue about money more than any (38) ．issue，with one in four having a row about it several (39) a month．It was also interesting to find out that arguments regarding money appear to occur more between couples who have been together a while， (40) may be because they feel more comfortable bringing up the‘sticky’issue．

填空题Trade Secrets Some business information or processes cannot qualify as copyrights, patents, or trade marks. (9) ... Trade secrets include customer lists, pricing information, marketing techniques, management skills, production and engineering techniques, management skills, production and engineering techniques, formulas, research and development, and generally anything that makes a business unique and valuable to a competitor. (10) although know-how usually involves a certain type of trade secrets—those that are more technical, scientific, or managerial in a business. Once trade secrets are released or become part of the public's general knowledge, called the "public domain, " they can be generally used by anyone and cannot be retrieved for the exclusive use of a business. (11) If everyone in the public knows about a trade secret, it loses its value. A business cannot charge another for information that is easily available to the general public. (12) ... (13) ... Normally, a business protects its trade secrets by allowing only a select few employees to know them and by having all employees who use or know trade secrets to agree in a contract never to divulge them. If an employee wrongfully divulges a trade secret, the employer can sue the employee for damages for breach of contract and perhaps a personal injury (tort) committed against the business; the monetary award can be high. Sometimes, businesses would rather use confidentiality agreements with employees to protect trade secrets rather than go through the expense of making some trade secrets patentable since obtaining patents can be costly and time-consuming. Trade secrets can last indefinitely unlike patents; often just the filing of a patent requires disclosure of the innovation and its processes to a government agency for examination. This disclosure can result in the invention being copied illegally or "reverse engineered" by competit6rs. (14) ... A. A trade secret is of great significance to the growth of a business. B. Thus, confidentiality is very important in trade secrets. C. However, they can be protected as valuable knowledge from appropriation by competitors as trade secrets. D. It is for that reason that Coca-cola's formula is kept a tight secret and only a few people on earth know it. E. A trade secret, if properly kept confidential, need not ever be disclosed to the public. F. Anyone who reveals a trade secrete to the public can be punished by law. G. Sometimes trade secrets are called know-how H. There are usually no registrations or filing requirements to protect a trade secret under a country's national law

填空题We are always negotiating, not only in business, but also in our private lives, from deciding what to watch on TV to deciding where to go on holiday. Rarely, in fact, (1) any form of decision reached without some form of negotiation. But (2) we practise the art on a regular basis, it is always useful to review what we already subconsciously know. The following tips provide you (4) strategies for negotiating effectively, no matter (4) situation you find yourself in. Firstly, try to make it a win-win situation. Start with the attitude that all parties should get something out of the deal. Look at the common ground, (5) only at the gaps between you. Secondly, try to find out what is cheap for you but valuable to your negotiating partner and vice versa. Exchanging something you don't want (6) something you actually do want is, of course, the aim of (7) parties involved. Thirdly, be aware of your BATNA, your Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. You won't always get (8) very deal you wanted so you need to bear in mind your best alternative if the negotiation fails. In fact, telling your negotiating partner, "thanks but I can get a better deal elsewhere" often brings about movement in the other side's position! And finally, be creative. Think of the exercise (9) both sides coming together to solve a common problem. Developing the valuable skills you need to negotiate most effectively takes time and effort, but by taking on just a (10) simple techniques, you can make all the difference.

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