填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-6)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. a cynical idea B. Internet resource C. make the assignments in a creative way D. figure out whether a student's writing is authentic E. observe the students' facial expressions F. inevitable G. ask the students not to use the Internet

填空题Coca-Cola Classic In May 1985, Coca-Cola chairman Robert Goizueta announced one of the boldest gambles in marketing history: Coca-Cola would make a significant flavor change in Coke, the world's best-selling soft drink. (1) The idea, according to one of Coke's leading strategists, "was to take all the positive qualities associated with the current product, its heritage and so on, and transfer that to an improved tasting product." (2) Supermarket sales of Coke had slipped behind Pepsi by almost two percentage points, and Pepsi was consistently winning blind taste tests. The advertising campaign for New Coke emphasized improved flavor. Coca-Cola spent nearly ＄4 million to taste-test its new product on 200,000 consumers. (3) When the brands were not identified, the taste tests of 40,000 people done in 30 communities showed that 55 percent chose the new Coke over the old, and 52 percent chose it over Pepsi. Subjects were not told during any of the tests that the product being tested would take the place of the traditional Coke. During the first month of New Coke's introduction, shipments to Coke bottlers set a record, and more people tried the new product than has ever sampled any new product. (4) Consumers began to demand the old Coke. Sales were dropping rapidly. There was even talk of a class-action suit by a Seattle-based organization, Old Coke Drinkers of America. Coca-Cola headquarters received thousands of protest letters such as, "Dear Chief Dodo: what ignoramus decided to change the formula of Coke?" Coca-Cola bottlers meeting in Dallas signed a petition demanding that the company restore the traditional formula. (5) On July 10, Coca-Cola announced that it would reintroduce the original formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic. Within hours of the announcement, a national phone survey indicated that 68 percent of the people were aware of that move and 66 percent approved of it. The Coca-Cola Classic package was designed only two days before the announcement. (6) ABC News covered the story on its "World News Tonight" report, again on "Nightline", and on "20/20". ABC-TV also interrupted its "General Hospital" soap opera to tell the public that the old Coke was coming back. (7) Pepsi's first advertising campaign in response to its competitor's move stated that Pepsi's own better taste had forced Coca-Cola's move. The second campaign talked about the confusion of Coke products, emphasizing the split between new Coke and old Coke. (8) By September, Coca-Cola decided to change its approach once more by bringing back the kind of traditional soft-drink advertising that it had been trying hard to get away from. The new ads did not address the differences between the new Coke and Coca-Cola Classic but rather, focused on a return to traditional values. A. Coca-Cola introduced "New Coke" to the market in an attempt to win back market share from Pepsi. B. Coke's 99-year-old formula would be modified to make it slightly sweeter and less filling. C. The media had given a lot of coverage to what had been labeled the "new Coke failure". D. PepsiCo, bottlers of Pepsi-Cola, couldn't resist the temptation to poke fun at Coca-Cola's misfortune in its advertising. E. The confusion and controversy between the two cola market leaders grew. F. On July 5, Coca-Cola announced that it would bring back the old formula. G. Some of the taste tests were blind, and others had brand names associated with them. H. However, the entire picture changed suddenly.

填空题We should try to settle the matter by ______, not by fighting. (argue)

填空题RECORDED MESSAGE(Questions 5-8)Message from Ted - Trade Fair New【L5】______is very popular. Most orders taken for【L6】______cable package. Not many orders for【L7】______typing software. Send more【L8】______disks today.

填空题CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)The woman is working at the campus【L5】______office.The man can work at least【L6】______hours a week but not more than【L7】______hours a week from【L8】______on.

填空题In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television.【R1】______But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey show. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk".【R2】______For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. 【R3】______ Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction.【R4】______Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your workweek, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared with Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends ever with a "final word".【R5】______Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone.【R6】______Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society.【R7】______They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now.【R8】______Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. A. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. B. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. C. The show's main target audience are middle-class Americans. D. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. E. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. F. These are 18 to 20 years old whose main troubles in life involve love relationship, sex, money and peers. G And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. H Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophe, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other people's lives.

填空题The ______ point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases. (boil)

填空题After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband, his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look startled and the conversation would come to a halt.【R1】______But for a long time, I didn't know what it is. Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way. 【R2】______And the difference isn't only in the languages. I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even when I was speaking Japanese, so were my English students trying to hold Japanese-style conversations even when they were speaking English. We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames. 【R3】______If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don't expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something — a reason for agreeing, another example, or a remark to carry the idea further.【R4】______I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agree or not, your response will return the ball to me.【R5】______I don't serve a new ball from my original starting line. I hit your ball back again from where it has bounced. I carry your idea further, or answer your questions or objections, or challenge or question you. And so the ball goes back and forth. 【R6】______There is no waiting in line. Whoever is nearest and quickest hits the ball, and if you step back, someone else will hit it. No one stops the game to give you a turn. You are responsible for taking your own turn and no one person has the ball for very long. A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball.【R7】______You wait for your turn, and you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.【R8】______When your moment comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back, making sounds of polite encouragement. A. If there are more than two people in the conversation, then it is like doubles in tennis, or like volleyball. B. A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. C. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. D. It is like bowling. E. But I don't expect you always to agree. F. The first thing is to wait for your turn, patiently and politely. G. And then it is my turn again. H. Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations.

填空题1. In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. 2. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. 3. Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. 4. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and / or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 5. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-6)on your Answer Sheet, Do not mark any letter twice. A. Definition of information B. Difficulty in acquiring expert advice C. Difficulty in locating needed information D. Casual communications with extended family E. Necessity of acquiring information F. Breakdown of informal information channels G. Role of technology in acquiring information

填空题1. The term "joint international business venture", joint venture for short, has come to mean many things to many people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more foreign firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign-based. 2. Joint ventures can take many forms. A foreign firm may take a majority share, a minority share, or an equal share in ownership. While it is not necessary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however, so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical aid, management, or supply contracts. 3. It should be recognized that maintaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants may diverge; when they do, financial control becomes important. Management may wish to reinvest earnings while the majority of the board may wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal. 4. Many joint ventures emerge as matters of necessity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resource deposits is often done by a consortium of several petroleum or mining firms. Roles are parceled out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of combinations. 5. Also the joint venture can pose problems, especially if it is an enforced marriage of partners. For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a small handful of families control the entire locally owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstances, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would compete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner may end up being the government itself. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Maintaining operating control in joint venture B. The financial control in joint venture C. The definition of joint venture D. The proportion of share in joint venture E. Problems of partners in joint venture F. The support of the government G. A wide variety of combinations in joint venture

填空题1. Accidents are caused; they don't just happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune — frustration, tiredness or just bad temper — that shows what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself. 2. Rode accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so that at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause to accidents for themselves and others. 3. By definition, an accident is something you can't predict or provide, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of rode accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drives, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness and thoughtlessness. 4. It is not always, clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to make safety precautions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. 5. Some accidents are largely results of human error or misjudgment — noise and fatigue, boredom or worries are possible factors, which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people, who have an anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Personal affairs cause accidents B. Accidents are caused by people rather than take place by themselves C Uncertain factors that cause accident D. Accidents take place due to carelessness or thoughtlessness E. Other factors causing accidents F. Why the accidents happened G. Some accidents are avoidable

填空题Questions 9-13 ·You will hear five conversations taking place in restaurants and the customers are complaining about something. ·Before you listen, read the list of statements, five of which are summaries of how these problems are solved. ·Then listen carefully and match the statements (A-F) with the conversations that are about them (9-13) respectively. ·There is one extra statement that you don't need to use. You will hear the passage twice. A. it is suggested that she change her order to some sirloin because it is tender. B. She is asked to send in the bill if she likes to have it cleaned. C. The head waiter goes to fetch some clean ones immediately. D. He offers to sponge it with a little warm water. E. He is advised to choose another wine instead. F. The head waiter will deal with it himself.Questions 9-13 ·You will hear five conversations taking place in restaurants and the customers are complaining about something. ·Before you listen, read the list of statements, five of which are summaries of how these problems are solved. ·Then listen carefully and match the statements (A-F) with the conversations that are about them (9-13) respectively. ·There is one extra statement that you don't need to use. You will hear the passage twice. A. it is suggested that she change her order to some sirloin because it is tender. B. She is asked to send in the bill if she likes to have it cleaned. C. The head waiter goes to fetch some clean ones immediately. D. He offers to sponge it with a little warm water. E. He is advised to choose another wine instead. F. The head waiter will deal with it himself.

填空题It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. 【R1】______ Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.【R2】______It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the hob, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.【R3】______The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.【R4】______A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on.【R5】______It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. 【R6】______Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, and taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. 【R7】______For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. 【R8】______ A. Education knows no bounds. B. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. C. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. D. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. E. Whereas schooling has certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. F. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. G. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. H. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.

填空题Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Sleeping in Space A voyage to Mars would take about eight months on a modern spaceship. That might seem like a great opportunity to catch up on your sleep. 【R1】______ "If we at some point really want to go to Mars and we want to send humans, then we need to know how they will cope," Mathias Basner told Science News. He is a sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia. 【R2】______ Their experiment was like a long-running game of make-believe: Six men spent 520 days — a little more than 74 weeks — on a pretend voyage to Mars. In fact, the crew spent the entire time confined inside a small, windowless capsule in Moscow, Russia. 【R3】______ During their "trip," the travelers pretended to land on Mars and to carry out science tests. Throughout the pretend trip, other scientists collected data on the travelers. 【R4】______Once every minute, that device recorded the man's motions. From these data, Basner's team found that the volunteers were less active and slept more as the pretend mission continued. During the last 18.5 weeks of the trial, most participants were sleeping more each day than they had during the first 18.5 weeks. 【R5】______One man's natural sleep cycle shifted from a roughly 24-hour day to almost 25 hours long.(By coincidence, that time is closer to the length of a day on Mars.)This meant that he was sometimes awake when his crew members were asleep, and vice versa.【R6】______Tests showed that he became less alert. Messing with sleep can have serious consequences, says Jeffrey Sutton.【R7】______He also directs the Center for Space Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. "When you are doing high-risk behavior in space, a performance deficit can be life threatening, he told Science News. The decrease in activity found by Basner's team could also prove problematic in space, says Sutton. 【R8】______ A. He's a doctor and scientist who worked on the study. B. Another one of the six pretend travelers slept less over time. C. His team published its new findings in early January. D. Each participant wore a device on his wrist. E. Astronauts may need to increase their exercise to stay healthy. F. But a recent experiment finds that people may develop sleep problems on a long space journey —or at least on the pretend trip in these tests. G Four of the men also developed sleep problems. H. The goal of this trial: to learn how people would cope with living in close quarters during travel to and from the Red Planet.

填空题1. The larger a machine and the more numerous its parts, the greater likelihood of a breakdown and the more expensive to repair. What has been said about market forces and management was necessarily oversimplified. The economies of modern industrial nations are large and very complex. To be sure, there is management, and there are market forces at work, but there are also many other factors that help or hinder economic function. 2. In modern industrial societies, governments play a large role. There are a lot of regulations, most of them are meant for the protection of the public. All regulations affect the way businesses operate, often increasing their costs and reducing their profits. Lower profits, in turn, reduce the amount of money which is known as working capital that a company can use for expansion. Auto emission standards, for instance, have had a significant impact on the manufacture and pricing of automobiles. Other government policies such as taxation, budget deficits, and regulation of the money supply have an effect on how much money is available for people to spend on goods and services. 3. International crises and other conditions also affect the working of an economy. A severe frost in Brazil can ruin a coffee crop and raise the price of that commodity. War can cut off the supply of such resources as petroleum, chromium, or copper. In the United States, environmental protests have slowed the development of nuclear energy capacity and the mining of vast tracts of protected land. Weather affects agriculture: a hot, dry summer can damage the wheat crop; floods can destroy thousands of acres of crops suddenly; and insect pests can devastate cropland with a rapid onslaught. 4. People's attitudes also have an impact on the marketing of goods. Health-conscious individuals, for example, may stop smoking, curtail their intake of alcohol, and eat less of certain kinds of food. Advertising affects what people buy, and it can create a market where none existed. Style and fashion are significant for many consumers. 5. There are other economic problems that are more difficult to understand. For centuries economies have been subject to periods of prosperity followed by periods of decline. Although periods of prosperity can be explained rather easily, the reasons for panics, recessions, and depressions are of a complex nature. So many factors contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s, for example, that no economist has ever been able to account for all of them. 6. Because the causes of decline are uncertain, the remedies are equally uncertain. In the late 20th century all industrialized societies through their governments have tried to stabilize economies, keep them prosperous, and reduce unemployment. None of the remedies has worked to the extent that was hoped. How economies work and what remedies can be found to keep them operating efficiently are the tasks of economists, who must work together with businessmen and politicians. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Uncertainty of remedies to economic decline B. The role of government in economy C. The political system of a nation D. Factors that influence economy E. The influence of people's attitude on economy F. The force of market G The problems to be solved in economy

填空题Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. The New Colour of British Army1 It took scientists a year to get the right shade - and if truth be told, it might take several more for soldiers to get used to it - but after more than sixty years bearing the same dark yellow colour, the British military is to adopt a new 'Army Brown'. In what is likely to be one of the biggest make-over the forces have undertaken, the army's fleet of desert vehicles is being repainted, replacing the previous 'Light Stone' camouflage that has adorned tanks and troops carriers since before the Second World War.2 Some of the new Foxhound patrol vehicles being used in Afghanistan have already been re-sprayed with up to 30 litres of the new colour per vehicle, hinting at the scale of the paint job required over the coming years. The army has around 5,000 combat vehicles - and all conflicts over the last 20 years have taken place in sandy environments.3 The scientists who developed it insist 'Army Brown' is the colour of the future, and the paint is clever too. They are working on a formula which will turn it into a different shade when chemicals have been detected to warn troops of the dangers around them. "The new colour is a tan brown whereas the old was a dark yellow," said Andrew Richardson from AkzoNobel, the firm which developed it. "It is a dirt colour as opposed to a sand colour. When you are close up there is a significant difference." Richardson claimed it was the most advanced paint the military had ever used, and is similar to the colours used by the US and Australian militaries.4 The Ministry of Defence decided it wanted a change of hue last year, with officers saying they needed something that could work in places such as Afghanistan, but blend in easily in other hot and dusty environments. Defence officials gather: red rock and soil samples back from Afghanistan for a team at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, which came up with the ideal new colour. AkzoNobel then turned it into a camouflage paint that "will replace the sand colour that has been used on army vehicles since before the Second World War."5 Though Richardson said the "new paint colour has been specifically designed of the desert-like environment where most operations currently take place", he insisted it would work elsewhere. "It was designed to provide a better balance between desert-like areas and the green zone." The Ministry of Defence said the new colour added to the basic range used by the military. Green is used for colder climates - and pink has been used in places such as Saudi Arabia, to help military planes blend in. However, brown is very much de rigueur for the British military at the moment; after extensive trials involving 3,500 personnel, the army has plumped For a dark chocolate colour for its new combat boots.Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. The advantage of the new colour and the paintB. The differences between the new and the old coloursC. The biggest make-over of the British militaryD. The Ministry's comments on the new colourE. The heavy workload of the repainting jobF. The design and development of the new colourG. The basic ranee of colours of the world military

填空题Part 1 ·Read the followingpassages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. ·Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap. ·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.. To understand the nature of the liberal arts college and its function in our society, it is important to understand the difference between education and training. Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers and teachers to perform specific tasks necessary to its operation, just as it needs carpenters and plumbers and stenographers. (1) And these needs, our training centers — the professional and trade schools — fill. But although education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of understanding, of perception, and wisdom. (2) They serve society by examining its function, appraising its needs, and criticizing its direction. They may be earning their livings by practicing one of the professions, or in pursuing a trade, or by engaging in business enterprise. They may be rich or poor. (3) Without them, however, society either disintegrates or else becomes an anthill. The difference between the two types of study is like the difference between the discipline and exercise in a professional baseball training camp and that of a Y gym. In the one, the recruit is training to become a professional baseball player who will make a living and serve society by playing baseball. (4) The training at the baseball camp is all-relevant. The recruit may spend hours practicing how to slide into second base, not because it is a particularly useful form of calisthenics but because it is relevant to the game. (5) Similarly, the candidate for the pitching staff spends a lot of time throwing a baseball, not because it will improve his physique — it may have quite the opposite effect — but because pitching is to be his principal function on the team. (6) The intention is to strengthen the body in general, and when the members sit down on the floor with their legs outstretched and practice touching their fingers to their toes, it is not because they hope to become galley slaves, perhaps the only occupation where that particular exercise would be relevant. In general, relevancy is a facet of training rather than of education. What is taught at law school is the present law of the land, not the Napoleonic Code or even the archaic laws that have been scratched from the statute books. And at medical school, too, it is modern medical practice that is taught, that which is relevant to conditions today. (7) In the liberal arts college, on the other hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. (8) A. At the Y gym, exercises have no such relevance.B. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to change the student, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the Y gym is to make a fat man into a thin one, or a strong one out of a weak one.C. And the plumber and the carpenter and the electrician and the mason learn only what is relevant to the practice of their respective trades in this day with tools and materials that are presently available and that conform to the building code.D. Training supplies the immediate and specific needs of society so that the work of the world may continue.E. And in the other, he is training only to improve his own body and musculature.F. The exercise would stop if the rules were changed so that sliding to a base was made illegal.G. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, the instigators of our progress.H. They may occupy positions of power and prestige, or they may be engaged in some humble employment.

填空题A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good.【R1】______And most likely he has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime. You can not motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantage of a product in another languages;【R2】______That's a critical difference. No one likes foreigners who are arrogant about their own culture. Customers are turned off by mono-cultural salespeople.【R3】______Foreigners sense mono-cultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, effectively blocking any attempt by the mono-cultural person to motivate them. Multiculturalism is a requirement that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions.【R4】______Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you are in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee forging these relations? For 20 odd years, I have run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to specify the qualifications their ideal candidate would have.【R5】______It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic abilities they see as crucial are not enough. But after some discussion, we usually wind up specifying something like "the new manager must be accepted throughout Europe.【R6】______If possible, he or she should also be able to communicated in more than one of the major European languages." Of course, it is far more difficult to determine candidates' multiculturalism than it is to check their languages skills.【R7】______To seek out this crucial quality, I ask a lot of questions about candidates' early childhood, looking for evidence of contact with diverse cultures. And I probe for arrogance about their background and environment. I don't think for a moment that a proven American salesperson can be sent to Great Britain and be expected to sell there, since it is the same language.【R8】______The ones who succeed are multicultural people with the rare ability to gain acceptance from British customer. A. Thus, he or she must be multicultural. B. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly mono-cultural without being aware of it. C. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the additional requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French. D. He enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world. E. But it is also a far more important ingredient to success. F. And this neglect is affecting every industry. G In nine out of ten cases, he or she will fail. H. But a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it.

填空题Part 3 Questions 19-25 ·Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25. ·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. ·Markyour answers on the Answer Sheet. In my early childhood I received no formal religious education. I did, of course, receive the ethical and moral training that moral and conscientious parents give their children. When I was about ten years old, my parents decided that it would be good for me to receive some formal religious instruction and to study the Bible, if for no other reason than that a knowledge of both is essential to the understanding of literature and culture. As lapsed Catholics, they sought a group which had as little doctrine and dogma as possible, but what they considered good moral and ethical values. After some searching, they joined the local Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. Although my parents did not attend Meetings for Worship very often, I went to First Day School there regularly, eventually completing the course and receiving an inscribed Bible. At the Quaker school, I learned about the concept of the "inner light" and it has stayed with me. I was, however, unable to accept the idea of Jesus Christ being any more divine than, say, Buddha. As a result, I became estranged form the Quakes who, though believing in substantially the same moral and ethical values as I do, and even the same religious concept of the inner light, had arrived at these conclusions from a premise which I could not accept. I admit that my religion is the poorer for having no revealed word and no supreme prophet, but my inherited aversion to dogmatism limits my faith to a Supreme Being and the goodness of man. Later, at another Meeting for Worship, I found that some Quakers had similar though not so strong reservations about the Christian aspects of their belief. I made some attempt to rejoin an organized religious group, I did not wish to become one again. I do attend Meeting for Worship on occasion, but it is for the help in deep contemplation which it brings rather than any lingering desire to rejoin the fold. I do believe in a "Supreme Being" (or ground of our Being, as Tillich would call it). This Being is ineffable and not to be fully understood by humans. He is not cut off from the world and we can know him somewhat through the knowledge which we are limited to the world. He is interested and concerned for humankind, but on man himself falls the burden of his own life. To me the message of the great prophets, especially Jesus, is that good is its own reward, and indeed the only possible rewards are intrinsic in the actions themselves. The relationship between each human and supreme Being is an entirely personal one. It is my faith that each person has this unique relationship with the Supreme Being. To me that is the meaning of the inner light. The purpose of life, insofar as a human can grasp it, is to understand and increase this lifeline to the Supreme Being, this piece of divinity that every human has. Thus, the taking of any life by choice is the closing of some connection to God, and unconscionable. Killing anyone not only denies them their purpose, but corrupts the purpose of all men.

填空题Why aren't the University, Colleges and Institutes just called "University"? The simpler answer is that, with a few exceptions, the University Colleges and Institutes do not usually award all their own degrees. 【R1】______ University Colleges and Institutes tend to be much smaller than typical British universities.【R2】______Typically, the present University Colleges and Institutes have developed and grown from Teachers' Colleges.【R3】______Then they started to offer other courses and degrees, broadly comparable to any university, the only difference being that these institutions do not normally provide degrees in such subjects as Law, Engineering, and Medicine. 【R4】______In terms of the courses and subjects offered, there is likely to be an emphasis on those subjects that are closely associated with the School curriculum — Arts or Humanities subjects. Teacher education itself, of course, almost certainly remains as a strong component of the whole array of courses taught by a University College or Institute. Professional training for the classroom is something which these institutions have specialized in since their foundation, and no University is likely to do it better. 【R5】______ Perhaps, there is virtue and merit in what is small: sheer size, especially if it means a loss of what is most human and personal, is not something to be sought of its own sake. 【R6】______ Lectures and tutors have to be well qualified because they teach degree courses that are in every way equal in standard to those taught at Universities. 【R7】______ Quality assurance is guaranteed. International recognition and comparability with all other British degrees are not in question. 【R8】______ A. The particular strengths of the University Colleges and Institutes lie in their somewhat particular origins. B. At least some of the degrees, especially at postgraduate level, are likely to be awarded by a large university with which the college or institute is associated. C. But it is not only a matter of size, but also their origins that make them somewhat different from Britain Universities, old or new. D. Until about 20 years ago in most cases, they would have been exclusively concerned with the professional training of teachers. E. So, parents, students, and sponsors need have no doubt about the quality or standing of the degrees that the Colleges award. F. Also associated with the smaller institutions' origins is their strong continuing pastoral tradition and care for the individual student. G. So what else should students, parents, and sponsors worry? H. The relatively small University Colleges and Institutes have all the facilities and equipment of the bigger Universities.