填空题The basic problem of an economic society is to allocate resources among the members of the society so as to maximize the welfare of the society as a whole.【R1】______But what is the mechanism which seeks to achieve this objective? In a planned economy the central planning agency develops plans for allocating resources.【R2】______That is, prices furnish the guideposts that indicate how resources should be used. Prices determine what products and services should be produced and in what amounts.【R3】______And prices determine for whom the products and services should be produced. Thus, prices affect incomes and spending behaviour.【R4】______For the consumer with a given income level, prices influence what to buy and how much of each product to buy. Price changes also play a major role in a market economy.【R5】______If costs remain the same per unit sold, the higher price leads to greater profits and an incentive to invest in resources to produce even greater quantities of the product.【R6】______In addition, higher prices may also stimulate a greater rate of innovation and the development of new technology. On the other hand, if available supply is greater than demand there are pressures to decrease prices and reduce output.【R7】______Thus, rising prices direct resources to the bidder of greatest desire(stimulating supply), and rising prices curtail demands of the least urgent bidders(rationing supply). 【R8】______ A. Prices determine how these products and services should be produced. B. In a market economy the price system allocates resources. C. For business people, profits are determined by the difference between their revenues and their costs; and their revenues are determined by multiplying price per unit sold by the number of units sold. D. Thus, the producers are able to bid more for raw material resources, thereby directing these resources into that industry. E. Declining prices have the opposite effects. F. When demand for a product or service is greater than the supply available, buyers bid the price up. G To achieve this welfare objective each resource should be used to perform the function that it contributes most efficiently to society. H. These pressures lead producers to convert their resources to alternative uses.

填空题The traditional ______ of most fairy tales is the defeat of the vicious villain by the young hero. (conclude)

填空题A legend is a popular story ______ on history, but which has been elaborated beyond the point of verification. (base)

填空题You want to know what the safest place for children 77．______is in the car? The experts say the back seat is the safest for 78．______them. The back seat is farthest away off the force of a head- 79．______on collision(迎头撞击), which can lead serious injuries. 80．______If your child is below 8 and weighs no more than 85 81．______pounds, it is necessarily to fit your car with a safety seat.82．______Moreover, the safety seat must be held in place of on the 83．______car's back seat. If your child do need your attention while 84．______you driving, don't look back with only one hand on the 85．______wheel. You'd better stop the car. 86．______

填空题1. American managers who want to get more out of their white-collar workforce will be in a shock if they seek advice from Frank Becker, a professor at Cornell University who studies the pattern of office work. His advice: companies need to devote more office space to creating places like will-tended living rooms, where employees can sit around in comfort and chat. 2. Mr. Becker is one of a group of academics and consultants trying to make companies more productive by linking new office technology to a better understanding of how employees work. The forecast of a decade ago — that computers would increase office productivity, reduce white-collar payrolls and help the remaining staff to work better — have proved much too hopeful. Mr. Becker predicts that the central office will become mainly a place where workers from satellite and home-based offices meet to discuss ideas and to reaffirm their loyalty to follow employees and the company. This will require new thoughts about the layout of office buildings. Now spaces for copying machines, coffee rooms, meetings and reception areas usually come second to the offices in which people spend most of the day working. Mr. Becker sees these common areas gradually becoming the heart of an office. 3. Managers, says Mr. Becker, will also have to abandon their long-cherished notion that a productive employee is an employee who can be seen. Appearing on time and looking busy will soon become irrelevant. Technology and new patterns of office use will make companies judge people by what they do, not by where they spend their time. 4. That does not mean the end of the office, just its transformation into to a social center. New ideas about offices are catching on elsewhere. Digital Equipment Corp's subsidiary in Finland has equipped offices with reclining chairs and stuffed sofas to make them more comfortable and conductive to informal conversations and the swapping of ideas. Companies such as Apple and General Electric are experimenting along similar lines. 5. Steelcase, a manufacturer of office furniture, is one of the firms keenest to experiment with new office layouts and designs. The company's research center in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is an $11 million building completed in 1989. It is designed around a series of office "neighborhoods" that put marketing, manufacturing and design people close to each other so that they can find it easier to discuss ideas and solve problems. Employees on different floors can see one another through glass, and easily go from floor to floor via escalator. Top managers work in a cluster of offices that are wrapped around an atrium in the middle of the building, rather than occupying the usual suite of top-floor offices. They can see and be seen by the people they manage. 6. But sometimes even the most communicative employee just wants to be left alone. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. New office will bring out more profits B. Some companies have adopted new offices C. Old notions of office should be abandoned D. Computer will not be used in new office E. An example of new office building F. What the new office will look like G. The new idea of office shocks managers

填空题TELEPHONECONVERSATION2(Questions5-8)

填空题Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. sympathizes the American IndiansB. eighteen yearsC. found the Indians very helpfulD. taking a militant stand and appealing to the courtsE. notoriously deprivedF. ask the Indians to leave their lands G. force the Indians to leave

填空题Can a novelist remain ______ to the problems of the world in which he lives? (differ)

填空题Do You Need an MBA? Perhaps you have seen the media stories and some of the exciting career opportunities of MBAs, and you imagine, "That could be me ... " You might be well into the career of (26) dreams, but you have been told you will need an (27) to advance. Or, you may be at a (28) in your career and wonder how you should make a translation. (29) of what initially inspired you to consider an MBA degree, you (30) start with a thorough self-assessment process that will help you match your personal strengths and interests with your professional ones to help you explore (31) an MBA makes sense for you. (32) helps you focus and articulate your thinking. Exhibiting undirected thinking or behavior might (33) you from gaining admission to an MBA program. More importantly, you will limit your return on investment if you (34) choose a school or are ill-prepared to take (35) of its educational opportunities. The MBA is very different from many (36) graduate degrees, in which academic promise is (37) paramount in the admissions process. At a minimum, business school (38) officers consider career history and aspirations, evidence of leadership potential, and academic achievement. (39) the typical MBA candidate has several years of full-time, post-undergraduate work experience in a (40) capacity and can clearly articulate motivations for MBA study. A good self-assessment process will help you establish specific career and education goals (41) utilize your strengths (42) address your weaknesses. Lacking specific goals, you will be searching (43) direction for a school. How will you eliminate options, much (44) make a choice you will be happy with in the end? (45) will you determine whether the MBA experience was a good value? Whenever you are considering major changes in your life, self-assessment can help you clarify your goals and make wise decisions.

填空题They gave the film a ______ review. (dead)

填空题I can"t say with any ______ what my plans are. (certain)

填空题ANSWER PHONE MESSAGE(Questions 5-8) Leaving a MessageFrom: Roger【L5】______with J.C. Henderson Ltd.To: Mr. Barry ChanMessage: I would like to【L6】______you on the status of the project and believe that it is worth arranging a【L7】______I will call you back tomorrow as I will be in meetings for the【L8】______of the day. I will talk to you then. Thanks.

填空题So far the search for the missing boy has been ______. (fruit)

填空题Questions 9-18 ·Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Apples: The Live Longer Fruit 0. Apples have been a product of healthy eating for many years, and the often-repeated line of an apple a day keeping the doctor away is far from a myth. Apples really do have a wonderful variety of nutritional benefits, and are a tasty addition to any diet of good health and longevity. Below is a list of the top five benefits of making apples a standard part of your daily diet. 1. Pectin (果胶) is a source of dietary fiber and a very handy nutrient to have in one's diet. While it is also found in oranges, plums, and other fruits, apples have the highest concentration of them all. Pectin works to increase the stool's volume and resistance of fluids and is therefore helpful in treating constipation, diarrhea, and generally improving the health of the bowels (肠) . 2. A study on nutrition and heart disease found that eating three apples a day for three months can help you to drop your cholesterol by at least 20 points. How does this happen? Apple pectin, that miraculous source of dietary fiber, helps to draw bad LDL cholesterol out of the system. Not only that, but the antioxidant quercetin(栎皮酮)that is found in apples inhibits the LDL cholesterol from even accumulating in the body's bloodstream. 3. The high amounts of quercetin, other flavonoids (类黄酮) , and phytochemicals (植物化学 因子) found in this fruit deliver potent antioxidant activity to all who eat an apple, and with that inhibit the actions of free radicals. In addition, the phytochemicals may act against cancer-causing substances, which will likewise help to prevent cancer. This means that apple eating prevents cancer of the prostate (前列腺) and lung, as well as other parts of the body. 4. There may have been many generations of explorers that sought the fountain of youth, but all they had to do was fight the daily stresses of life with a tasty apple! The phytochemicals that come from the bright colors you find in the skins of your favorite apple variety, along with aiding the apple's ability to lower cholesterol and fight cancer, also inhibits the onset of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and other conditions that lead to potentially weakening situations in old age. 5. If keeping a full head of hair will help you to age more gracefully, then chow down on some apples. Chinese medicine considers hair loss to be a sign of a reduced kidney essence, and apples are on the list of fruits and vegetables that will help you to restore this essence and nourish the blood that flows to your hair follicles (毛囊) . Questions 9-13 ·For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. ·For each numbered paragraph (1-5). mark one letter (A -G) on the Answer Sheet. ·Do not mark any letter twice. A. Apples lower cholesterol. B. Apples benefit young and old. C. Apples slow the aging process. D. Apples reduce the risk of cancer. E. Apples help to prevent hair loss. F. Apples enrich people's diet. G. Apples improve the bowels.

填空题They burst into ______ when they see the clowns. (laugh)

填空题The circus was ______. (delight)

填空题CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)Fred's job:【L5】______driver. Years for doing the job:【L6】______. Problems Fred had: trouble with【L7】______. Correct way of lifting things: using【L8】______.

填空题You will hear a conversation and an answer phone message. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4) Taking a MessageFrom: Ms. Anna【L1】______with Sun Soaked Vineyards To: Mr. AdamsMessage: The shipment will be delayed and the【L2】______cases ordered should arrive next【L3】______. Please call her back at【L4】______when the shipment arrives.

填空题1. Who knows better than your customers where your operations can be improved? Today, progressive firms increasingly rely on advisory councils to suggest improvements, recommend action, and offer feedback on programs and policies. In fact, many companies feel that this form of communication is vital to the continuous improvement of their business operations. 2. A council, among other things, improves communication and spurs improvement of operations. Remember that the secret to success is dialogue — the exchange of ideas and opinions. Focus on problems your customers have. Spell out your goals and objectives. 3. Each meeting should have a specific objective to accomplish. Determine the meetings frequency. If you want to implement a strategic plan, an annual meeting may be enough. If you want to focus on operational issues, more meetings may be needed. 4. A good council will have no more than 12 people, with half of the members from your company and half from your customers. It should also have diversity in its membership. Members should serve from one to three years — rotation of membership will ensure the council doesn't become stale. 5. Find an approximate meeting site, whether it's in house or off site, where there will be no interruptions. You should pay for all the expenses related to the meeting — remember, the council members are providing your company with a service. Treat them as your guests and your experts. 6. If you have a fixed beginning and ending time to your meeting, stick to it. When structuring the meeting, remember the 80/20 problem-solving rule. Structure the meeting so that 20 percent of the time is spent identifying or discussing a problem and 80 percent of the time is spent designing a solution. 7. Often it is helpful to have a person act as timekeeper and announce when the agenda time for a particular item has expired. However, during the meeting, be flexible. The facilitator can allow the group to decide whether to move on to the next item or extend the discussion. As you go along, look to narrow the differences among members and form a consensus. 8. As the meeting closes, summarize what was accomplished, checking for an agreement and commitment among the members. Make a detailed list of the follow-up items, who has responsibility for each item, and a timeline for completion. 9. The result from really listening to and learning from your customers in a well-run advisory council can pay huge dividends. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. Membership of a good council B. Customers are the best advisors C. Payment of the meeting D. How to be a good advisor E. Functions of council F. The meeting is not suitable for all the companies G. The objective of meeting determine its frequency

填空题Questions9-13·Youwillhearthecustomsinfivecountries.·Forquestions9-13,choosefromthelistA-Fthepropercountries.·Usethelettersonlyonce.Thereisoneextraletterwhichyoudonotneedtouse.9.Country1:______10.Country2:______11.Country3:______12.Country4:______13.Country5:______A.AustraliaB.SpainC.ChinaD.RomeE.BritainF.Greece