填空题A Thirsty Planet If you live in a city in North America or Europe, you have probably never thought much about water. Whenever you need some, you turn on the tap and there it is. Millions of people in other parts of the world are not so lucky. They have trouble getting enough clean water for their basic needs. This situation may soon become common all around the world, scientists believe. In fact, they say that the tack of clean water may be one of the biggest issues in the twenty-first century. The reasons for this are clear. On the one hand, people are using more water than ever before. Over the last fifty years, the population of the world has more than doubled. So has the demand for water — for home use, for farming and for industry. On the other hand, supplies of clean water are disappearing. Many sources of surface water — such as rivers, lakes and streams — are too polluted and unhealthy for use as drinking water. This has forced more and more people to drill wells so they can get water from underground. There are enormous amounts of water deep underground in lakes called aquifers. Until recently, scientists believed this groundwater was safe from pollution. Then, in 1980s, people in the Untied States began to find chemicals in their well water, and scientists took a closer look at what was happening. Weldon Spring, Missouri, for example, was the site of a bomb factory during World War Ⅱ. The factory was destroyed after the war, but poisonous chemicals remained on the ground. Very slowly, theses chemicals dripped down through the ground and into the aquifer. Once they did, however, the water from that aquifer was no longer drinkable. It probably never will be drinkable again. Groundwater is not renewed regularly by the rain, like lake or river water. Thus, if a harmful chemical gets into an aquifer, it will stay there for a very long time. Furthermore, it is nearly impossible to remove all the water in an aquifer and clean out the pollutants. Industrial sites like Weldon Spring are one cause of groundwater pollution. There are thousands of such sites in the Untied States alone, and many others around the world. Groundwater pollution is also caused by modem farming methods, which require the use of large amounts of chemicals in the fields. And finally, yet another important cause of groundwater pollution is waste. That includes solid waste thrown away in dumps and landfills, and also untreated human and animal waste. The situation is indeed very serious. Fortunately, there are many aquifers and they are very large. Only a small number have been seriously damaged so far. But if the world does not want to go thirsty in the near future, further pollution must be prevented. Around the world, governments must make real changes in industry, agriculture and waste disposal.

填空题Happiness Secrets for Tough Times 1. You don't need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness. Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid's needs can weigh down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on nurturing your loved ones. "I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects of this economy on families and how parents can't afford to buy their kids luxuries like toys anymore," says Sonja Lyubomirsky, author of The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want. "But what they don't realize is that kids don't care about toys-what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them." 2. Now more than ever we need each other to survive. Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier. Think of practical, everyday gestures that can make someone's life a little bit easier. For example, Lyubomirsky says, "Maybe now many of us can't afford to take a cab to the airport, so offer to give a friend a ride." 3. "You could spend a lot of time ruminating," says Lyubomirsky. "But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and affects your self esteem. Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer." Get rid of pessimism. One of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy. "What can I learn from this? Times are tough, I've been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids, adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills." 4. "if you find a happy person you will find a project," says Lyubomirsky. "Happy people all have goals they care about." Commit yourself to a project — whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn. But it's also important to remember to be flexible in these times. Don't get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals. Adopt and change! "If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal," says Lyubomirsky. "Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job." 5. When times are tough, it's easy to get skip your regular workouts in favor of moping in front of the TV and eating a bag of chips. Your thinking is "I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good." But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC. It will go a long way in boosting your happiness. "Even if you can't afford to go to the gym," Lyubomirsky says, "take time out to exercise at home or meditate." A. Have a goal and be flexible B. Find a new friend C. Avoid over-thinking D. Do some physical exercise E. Help others F. Focus on your relationships G. Try to fulfill your kid's needs

填空题Questions9-13·Youwillhearonepassageaboutscienceanddailylife.Beforeyoulisten,readthelistofstatements,fiveofwhicharesummariesofhowsciencehaschangedman'slife.Thenlistencarefidlyandmatchthestatements(A-F)inthecorrectorder(9-13).Thereisoneextrastatementthatyoudon'tneedtouse.Youwillhearthepassagetwice.A.Scientificdiscoveriesarecompaniedbytheproblemofairpollution.B.Scientificdiscoverieshavechangedman'smoralatmosphereandcausedethicalissues.C.Scientificdiscoveriesmakepeopleuseavailableresourcesmoreefficiently.D.Medicalimprovementhasmadepeoplehavealongerlifespan.E.Peoplecancommunicatewitheachothermoreeasily.F.Distancebetweentwoplacesisshortedwiththeadvancementoftransportation.

填空题CONVERSATION1(Questions1-4)Aboutthetest:Lasting(1)hours.Timetoknowtheresult:(2)Relationshipofthetwopeople:(3)and(4).

填空题Yesterday"s solutions are not always ______ to today"s situation. (apply)

填空题You will hear five people giving their opinions on spanking children. For questions 9-13, choose from the list A -F what each speaker's opinion Is. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.A Being honest protects your relationships from hurt. B In relationships, forgiveness is for ourselves.C The relationships grow stronger with frequent attention. D A good relationship helps heal each other's wounds. E To trust others helps you determine your relationships. F The first step to have healthy relationships is to love yourself.

填空题Questions9-13·Youwillhearfivepeopletalkingaboutwhattheyteach.·Questions9to13,choosefromthelistAtoFwhateachspeakerteaches.·Usethelettersonlyonce.Thereisoneextraletterwhichyoudonotneedtouse.A.BasicConversation—GreetingsB.OralEnglishLevel1C.PracticalConversation—TalkaboutyourhometownD.DailyDialogueE.BusinessTravelEnglishF.IELTSSkillsSpeaker1(/9)Speaker2(/10)Speaker3(/11)Speaker4(/12)Speaker5(/13)

填空题Directions: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. married women B. slaves, women and dishonored persons C. had not definitely been established D. details such as the time were not recorded in the past E. people were afraid that competition may lead to wars F. the Greeks had no means of recording the results G were primarily national events with few foreign participants

填空题1. The film is not without its drawbacks. Disappointment, failure, self doubt, regrets over opportunities, missed or misused these are always the lot of the person in motion, which is why we must never forget the natural human bond that holds us all together and puts each grief into a common store of experience. For those in motion, these grieves are the inevitable consequence of ambition, particularly in a competitive society such as ours. 2. Many of us today are rather ambivalent about the virtues of a competitive society, particularly one that celebrates material success and celebrity status. In view of these questionable virtues, we have tried to substitute security and reassurance for the loss of self esteem that comes from not getting an A, not getting a promotion, not getting a Mercedes or a Porsche, not getting an appearance on the Johnny Carson show. As a result, I am tempted to assuage your disappointment by changing your grade, thereby brightening your life at least temporarily. 3. Such a change, I'm afraid, might do far more harm than good in the long run. In my experience, unmerited approval carries with it the risk of seriously distorting a young person's perception of reality: seeing the world as a far more benign place than it actually is, and seeing the self as more able, more competent, than is truly the case. This kind of distortion can be very crippling for the person in motion, giving a false picture of accomplishment that makes the inevitable jolts later on bruising and injurious. 4. I know your B comes as a jolt. Not enough to make you break your stride, I hope. I also hope our perceptions of the course mesh well enough so that the grade seems fair to you. Most of all, I hope that what I've said helps you to understand the limitations of any grade as a measure of who you are and what you can do. It's a symbol, a mark on a piece of paper. Nothing more. 5. Years ago, our high school principal wrote, as was customary then, a short message to the graduating class for the school yearbook. She was a formidable woman: white haired, gimlet-eyed, quiet and precise in her manner. Her message to us was: "I believe the class of 1994 will go forward, and as they go forward, achieve". Not a bad message, I've always felt. Hopeful, encouraging; but qualified just enough to let us know we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously(the "I believe" is certainly less fulsome than "I am sure"). A good way of wishing us all luck in the years to come. May you have your fair share of it as you move along. And may you find strength somewhere to endure whatever disappointments come your way, symbolic and actual. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-6)on your Answer Sheet, bo not mark any letter twice. A. Drawbacks are unavoidable in a competitive society B. Our high school principal's short passage to the graduating class C. I try to relieve one's disappointment by changing one's grade D. The harm of the unmerited approval E. The correct understanding of the grade F. The virtues of a competitive society G. A false picture of accomplishment

填空题Paris Hotel Wars For nearly a hundred years, the Hotel le Bristol and five other so-called Parisian palace hotels—the Crillon, George V. Meurice, Plaza Athénée and Rita—have seen themselves as the guardians of French tradition and grand service, (1) They're also very expensive. Five-star properties in Paris have average room rates of ＄350 to ＄700 per night, but rooms at the palaces start at ＄1,000 and climb all the way to ＄31.000. (2) The luxury oligopoly, however, is facing its first significant challenge. (3) In October, the Singapore-based Raffles Group reopened Le Royal Monceau, which dates from 1928, after spending more than ＄140 million to gut and refurbish it. In December, Hong Kong-based Shangri-La unveiled its offering inside the former residence of Napoleon's grandnephew. (4) The hotel will blend "French services with Oriental flair," meaning yoga mats in the rooms, massage parlors in the suites and dim sum on the room-service menu. In early 2013 the Peninsula Group will debut its first European hotel on the swanky Avenue Kléber. (5) The target clientele is a growing emerging-market elite. The number of millionaire households rose 14% worldwide in 2009 to include 11.2 million people, according to the Boston Consulting Group, and China alone saw a spike of 31%. (6) The Asian chains will feature top-notch plumbing and state-of-the-art technology, which have often been missing from the palace hotels in the past. The new competition has prompted the old guard to renovate its properties and dust off their history. (7) At the Bristol, managers recount how during World War Ⅱ. their predecessors erased a suite from the floor plan and harbored a Jewish architect, who later thanked them by building the elegant wrought-iron elevator at the hotel's center. (8) But what's clear is this: for luxury travelers headed to Paris this spring and summer, the choice of accommodations just got a whole lot better. A. In June, Mandarin Oriental will welcome guests to its 130-room property near the Louvre, built at a cost of more than ＄16 million per room. B. Their flagship restaurants serve only French haute cuisine, and their historic buildings remain as iconic today as they were in the 18th and 19th centuries. C. Together these openings will boost the number of luxury rooms in the city by 40%. D. Asian hotel groups are investing hundreds of millions of dollars in lavish new properties in historic buildings throughout Paris—all with rooms at the palaces' price point. E. Luxury today needs to have a story, so the Crillon emphasizes that Marie Antoinette took piano lessons in its drawing rooms, and the Ritz honors Coco Chanel's 30-year residency there. F. Whether or not historical tales can preserve the allure of Parisian tourism is still unknown. G. But the new properties will appeal to any traveler who simply wants to stay in a less fusty yet still luxurious environment. H. Their iconic status kept their rooms filled through most of the recession, even at those prices.

填空题It surprised us that there were so many ______ for the job. (apply)

填空题No one questioned his ______ as a doctor. (compete)

填空题Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A~H the one which fits each gap. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Today's career assumptions are you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role. A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America: management phobia. 【R1】______ " I hated all the meetings," says a 10-year award-winning manager, "and I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected." 【R2】______ With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if you're on the technical side. 【R3】______ In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adams's popular cartoon character — as well as many television sitcoms — routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies, they just don't get much respect anymore. Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. 【R4】______ But in today's global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch.【R5】______There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to climb. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks. Furthermore, managers now must supervise many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. 【R6】______ In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. 【R7】______ Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs, of course. 【R8】______A. Many people don't want to be a manager — and many people who are managers are, frankly, itching to jump off the management track — or have already.B. It's a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too.C. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies.D. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance, marketing and technical people reporting to them.E. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist.F. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.G American Management Association surveys say three middle managers are laid off for every one being hired. H. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.

填空题Elbow injuries are ______ found among tennis players. (common)

填空题Questions ·Read the following passage and choose the best word for each space. Do you want to send an e-mail message to the White House? Good luck. In the past, (26) President Bush — or at least those assigned to read his mail — what was (27) your mind it was necessary only to sit down at a personal computer connected to the lnternet and (28) a note to president@ whitehouse.gov. But this week, Tom Matzzie, an online organizer with the A.F.L.-C.I.O., discovered that (29) with the White House had become a bit more (30) . When Mr. Matzzie sent an e-mail protesting (31) a Bush administration policy, the message was bounced back With an automated reply, saying he had to send it again in a new way. Under a system (32) on the White House Website (33) the first time last week, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now (34) as many as nine Web pages and (35) a detailed form that starts by asking whether the message sender supports White House policy (36) differs with it. The white House says the new e-mail system is an effort to be more responsive (37) the public and offer the administration "real time" access (38) citizen comments. Completing a message to the president also requires (39) a subject from the provided list, then entering a full name, organization, address and e-mail address. (40) the message is sent, the writer must wait for an automated response (41) his message, (42) whether the addressee intended to send the message. The message is delivered to the White House only after the person using that e-mail address (43) it. "Over (44) , it's a very cumbersome process," said Jakob Nielsen, an authority on Web design. "It's probably designed deliberately to (45) on their e-mail./

填空题Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. professional and managerial employeesB. work staffC. human-resource managementD. work force skillsE. important postF. the improvement of worker's basic skillsG. more money should be invested

填空题Part 2 Questions 9-18 ·Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18. 1. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing advice to the poor countries that they restrain their birthrates. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birthrates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in t976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples. 2. It is true the American don't typically plan their birth to set an example tbr developing nations. They are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid job and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone. 3. These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage —tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 4. Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the food harvest of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of developing nations struggling under the weight of twice present population by the year 2000. 5. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations will exceed resources. All this will lead to population in the 21st century smaller than was feared years ago. For those anxious to see the population brought under control, the news is encouraging. Questions 9-13 ·For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. ·For each numberedparagraph (1-5), mark one letter (A-G) on the Answer Sheet. ·Do not mark any letter twice.A. The factors bringing down the birthrate in Europe.B. Women's liberation affects the birthrate.C. Birthrate in US raised after the war.D. Bringing population under control is possible.E. The birthrate in United States is low.F. Food shortage and urbanization brought population under control.G. The reasons that low-birthrate involve

填空题Since the beginning of the year, my office has become a romantic battlefield. Three relationships, lasting two or three years, have died.【R1】______Secret kisses in the office stairways, longing glances across the meeting table, silly declarations of love over the office message system and photographs of the significant others displayed for all to see on desks. These lovestruck fools were inseparable, seven days a week, nine to five and then after.【R2】______Then the relationships fell apart one by one, and everything went to hell. The workplace, once a romantic playground, became as tense as a demilitarized zone.【R3】______Luckily, they have emerged from their failed romances with one valuable lesson learnt: office relationships don't work. It's natural to meet someone in the workplace when you spend three-quarters of your life there. An office romance might even turn out stronger and sweeter because of the commonly-shared working experience. But when emotional bankruptcy occurs, being in the same office as your former love might be torture. 【R4】______Whereas other couples can only meet after work, you get to look at your beloved at work every day. All of a sudden, work seems so much more tolerable when you have a close mate who is able to relate to your office problems and offer a reassuring presence when the going gets tough. Your work performance might even improve as both of you motivate and help each other out. An office couple also share the same social network, which generally includes the other colleagues in the workplace. 【R5】______The physical closeness that was so cherished by the couple becomes a double-edged sword. The thrill of seeing your beloved daily at work quickly sinks into the dread of bumping into her whenever you head for the copy machine. Also, without the benefit of breathing space to allow you to recover from the failed relationship, you are forced to suppress your anger and jealousy as other people start approaching to make a romantic offer to your former partner.【R6】______The lovers might start to take each other for granted. And let's not forget the professional conflicts of interest. For instance, what happens if one supervises the other, or if they are competing for the same promotion? And, as the office relationship explodes, its aftershock is often felt on all sides.【R7】______Most importantly, an office relationship might make the lovers believe that they have a lot more in common than they actually do. Take away the job-related conversation, and you might be left with two people who have very little to say to one another. Nonetheless, office romances still happen.【R8】______But mark out lines between work and your personal life. Sad break-ups in my office show that love and work make a disastrous mix. A. Not that intra-office romance is always bad, of course. B. Suddenly, colleagues from the same social group are forced to choose sides. C. But office romances are often bad news, especially when they start falling apart. D. And still, they couldn't get enough of each other. E. Anyway, it's a wonderful opportunity to share your life with your partner when you work together. F. They started out beautifully. G. The former lovers avoided each other like a disease. H. Even if the relationship is still alive, seeing your partner every day for so many hours might be too much.

填空题CONVERSATION 2(Questions 5-8)About the book:Two drawbacks:【L5】______and【L6】______.The reviews on the books: some【L7】______and some【L8】______.

填空题CONVERSATION 2 (Questions 5-8) The age when Miss Rowling started to write: (5) . Miss Rowling considers herself very luck because she can (6) herself by writing. Miss Rowling never really imagines a (7) audience when writing. Miss Rowling (8) know where the ideas for the Harry Potter books came from.