填空题A disaster of Titanic proportions At 11.39 p.m. on the evening of Sunday 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to answer, and yelled "Iceberg, right ahead!" The greatest disaster in maritime history was about to be set in motion. Thirty-seven seconds later, despite the efforts of officers in the bridge and engine room to steer around the iceberg, the Titanic struck a piece of submerged ice, bursting rivets in the ship"s hull and flooding the first five watertight compartments. The ship"s designer, Thomas Andrews, carried out a visual inspection of the ship"s damage and informed Captain Smith at midnight that the ship would sink in less than two hours. By 12.30 a.m., the lifeboats were being filled with women and children, after Smith had given the command for them to be uncovered and swung out 15 minutes earlier. The first lifeboat was successfully lowered 15 minutes later, with only 28 of its 65 seats occupied. By 1.15 a.m., the waterline was beginning to reach the Titanic "s name on the ship"s bow, and over the next hour every lifeboat would be released as officers struggled to maintain order amongst the growing panic on board. The closing moments of the Titanic "s sinking began shortly after 2 a.m., as the last lifeboat was lowered and the ship"s propellers lifted out of the water, leaving the 1,500 passengers still on board to surge towards the stern. At 2.17 a.m., Harold Bride and Jack Philips tapped out their last wireless message after being relieved of duty as the ship"s wireless operators, and the ship"s band stopped playing. Less than a minute later, occupants of the lifeboats witnessed the ship"s lights flash once, then go black, and a huge roar signalled the Titanic "s contents plunging towards the bow, causing the front half of the ship to break off and go under. The Titanic "s stern bobbed up momentarily, and at 2.20 a.m., the ship finally disappeared beneath the frigid waters. What or who was responsible for the scale of this catastrophe? Explanations abound, some that focus on very small details. Due to a last minute change in the ship"s officer line-up, iceberg lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee were making do without a pair of binoculars that an officer transferred off the ship in Southampton had left in a cupboard onboard, unbeknownst to any of the ship"s crew. Fleet, who survived the sinking, insisted at a subsequent inquiry that he could have identified the iceberg in time to avert disaster if he had been in possession of the binoculars. Less than an hour before the Titanic struck the iceberg, wireless operator Cyril Evans on the Californian , located just 20 miles to the north, tried to contact operator Jack Philips on the Titanic to warn him of pack ice in the area. "Shut up, shut up, you"re jamming my signal", Philips replied. "I"m busy." The Titanic "s wireless system had broken down for several hours earlier that day, and Philips was clearing a backlog of personal messages that passengers had requested to be sent to family and friends in the USA. Nevertheless, Captain Smith had maintained the ship"s speed of 22 knots despite multiple earlier warnings of ice ahead. It has been suggested that Smith was under pressure to make headlines by arriving early in New York, but maritime historians such as Richard Howell have countered this perception, noting that Smith was simply following common procedure at the time, and not behaving recklessly. One of the strongest explanations for the severe loss of life has been the fact that the Titanic did not carry enough lifeboats for everyone on board. Maritime regulations at the time tied lifeboat capacity to ship size, not to the number of passengers on board. This meant that the Titanic , with room for 1,178 of its 2,222 passengers, actually surpassed the Board of Trade"s requirement that it carry lifeboats for 1,060 of its passengers. Nevertheless, with lifeboats being lowered less than half full in many cases, and only 712 passengers surviving despite a two and a half hour window of opportunity, more lifeboats would not have guaranteed more survivors in the absence of better training and preparation. Many passengers were confused about where to go after the order to launch lifeboats was given; a lifeboat drill scheduled for earlier on the same day that the Titanic struck the iceberg was cancelled by Captain Smith, in order to allow passengers to attend church.

填空题Manufacturers must sell cleaner cars.

填空题Question 40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answer in box 40 on your answer sheet. Which of the following statements best summarizes the writer's general conclusion? A．Contac civism is better, while behaviorism leads to negative social effects. B．Each method complements the other, and their application should be integrated. C．Ideally constructivism would be used, but behaviorism is more pragmatic. D．Neither is particularly useful, and there needs to be a new alternative.

填空题...............

填空题During the Tang era, doctors depended most on ... 39 ... and ... to treat their patients....

填空题Students at St. Peter's school take care of ______.

填空题 Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

填空题Electroluminescence from organic compounds negates the need for ______.

填空题Questions 11-13 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. CAMPUS SPORTS CENTRE The venue of applying for membership is in: (11) New member should provide the following documents: One passport photo (12) Register time: 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. on (13)

填空题Questions 7-12 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answer in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet. Three years ago, Jenn wrote her first (7) on Yelp. She and Scott made familiar (8) and they first met for (9) , but they didn't begin dating (10) as Scott thought himself as an eternal (11) The course lasted for over a year. Another couple, Victoria and Steven, attended the same (12) and finally married in 2008.

填空题Listen to the statement and complete the blanks below. Use ONE WORD ONLY.

填空题{{B}}Questions 18-20{{/B}}Decide which are {{B}}THREE{{/B}} ways a landlord can legally evict a tenant (other than an excluded tenant) and write the appropriate letters on your answer sheet in any order. A By moving into the property. B By moving a member of his/her family into the property. C By applying to your educational institution for your eviction. D By waiting until the tenancy agreement expires. E By giving you notice that you have to leave. F By giving you at least 4 weeks' notice that you have to leave. G By getting a court to issue an order for you to leave. H By contacting a law centre or the Citizens' Advice Bureau.

填空题break the rules

填空题The reasons that the technology should be worth using outside rainforests.

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.THE LOST CITYThanks to modern remote-sensing techniques, a ruined city in Turkey is slowly revealing itself as one of the greatest and most mysterious cities of the ancient world. Sally Palmer uncovers more.A The low granite mountain, known as Kerkenes Dag, juts from the northern edge of the Cappadocian plain in Turkey. Sprawled over the mountainside are the ruins of an enormous city, contained by crumbling defensive walls seven kilometers long. Many respected archaeologists believe these are the remains of the fabled city of Pteria, the sixth-century BC stronghold of the Medes that the Greek historian Herodotus described in his famous work The Histories. The short-lived city came under Median control and only fifty years later was sacked, burned and its strong stone walls destroyed.B British archaeologist Dr Geoffrey Summers has spent ten years studying the site. Excavating the ruins is a challenge because of the vast area they cover. The 7 km perimeter walls run around a site covering 271 hectares. Dr Summers quickly realised it would take far too long to excavate the site using traditional techniques alone. So he decided to use modern technology as well to map the entire site, both above and beneath the surface, to locate the most interesting areas and priorities to start digging.C In 1993, Dr Summers hired a special hand-held balloon with a remote-controlled camera attached. He walked over the entire site holding the balloon and taking photos. Then one afternoon, he rented a hot-air balloon and floated over the site, taking yet more pictures. By the end of the 1994 season, Dr Summers and his team had a jigsaw of aerial photographs of the whole site. The next stage was to use remote sensing, which would let them work out what lay below the intriguing outlines and ruined walls. "Archaeology is a discipline that lends itself very well to remote sensing because it revolves around space," says Scott Branting, an associated director of the project. He started working with Dr Summers in 1995.D The project used two main remote-sensing techniques. The first is magnetometry, which works on the principle that magnetic fields at the surface of the Earth are influenced by what is buried beneath. It measures localised variations in the direction and intensity of this magnetic field. "The Earth's magnetic field can vary from place to place, depending on what happened there in the past," says Branting. "If something containing iron oxide was heavily burnt, by natural or human actions, the iron particles in it can be permanently reoriented, like a compass needle, to align with the Earth's magnetic field present at that point in time and space." The magnetometer detects differences in the orientations and intensities of these iron particles from the present-day magnetic field and uses them to produce an image of what lies below ground.E Kerkenes Dag lends itself particularly well to magnetometry because it was all burnt once in a savage fire. In places the heat was sufficient to turn sandstone to glass and to melt granite. The fire was so hot that there were strong magnetic signatures set to the Earth's magnetic field from the time — around 547 BC — resulting in extremely clear pictures. Furthermore, the city was never rebuilt. "If you have multiple layers, it can confuse pictures, because you have different walls from different periods giving signatures that all go in different directions," says Branting. "We only have one going down about 1.5 meters, so we can get a good picture of this fairly short-lived city."F The other main sub-surface mapping technique, which is still being used at the site, is resistivity. This technique measures the way electrical pulses are conducted through sub-surface soil. It's done by shooting pulses into the ground through a thin metal probe. Different materials have different electrical conductivity. For example, stone and mudbrick are poor conductors, but looser, damp soil conducts very well. By walking around the site and taking about four readings per metre, it is possible to get a detailed idea of what is where beneath the surface. The teams then build up pictures of walls, hearths and other remains. "It helps a lot if it has rained, because the electrical pulse can get through more easily," says Branting. "Then if something is more resistant, it really shows up." This is one of the reasons that the project has a spring season, when most of the resistivity work is done. Unfortunately, testing resistivity is a lot slower than magnetometry. "If we did resistivity over the whole site it would take about 100 years," says Branting. Consequently, the team is concentrating on areas where they want to clarify pictures from the magnetometry.G Remote sensing does not reveal everything about Kerkenes Dag, but it shows the most interesting sub-surface areas of the site. The archaeologists can then excavate these using traditional techniques. One surprise came when they dug out one of the fates in the defensive walls. "Our observations in early seasons led us to assume that we were looking at a stone base from a mudbrick city wall, such as would be found at most other cities in the Ancient Near East," says Dr Summers. "When we started to excavate we were staggered to discover that the walls were made entirely from stone and that the gate would have stood at least ten metres high. After ten years of study, Pteria is gradually giving up its secrets." Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

填空题It is surprising that so many tour organisations decided to become involved in ecotourism.

填空题What problems do the speakers identify for this project?Choose SEVEN answers from the box and write the letters, A-H, next to questions 24-30.ProblemsA too vagueB too factualC too unreliableD too noisyE too longF too shortG too complicatedH too simple

填空题Government push for numbers

填空题Questions31-35Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.HydropowerRenewable—constantsource(31)fromnaturalhydrologiccyde(32)—90%ofhydroenergy→electricityClean—noairor(33)pollution(34)&curable—simpletooperateFlexible—canstartadaptquicklytomeetdemand→leadsto(35)ofpowersupply.

填空题Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. DREAMTIME TOURS Bookings at 　(15)　or Tel: 07 5562 4402 　(16)　 TOUR SUNDAY, MONDAY, FRIDAY COST: FULL DAY TOUR 280km DEPARTS: Adult　　　　　　　　　　$37.00 　(17)　　　　　　　　　　$33.00 Child　　　　　　　　　　$10.00 (4-14 years) Family$94.00 (2 Adult, 2 Children) Coolangatta　　　　　　　　　7.50 am Burleigh　　　　　　　　　　　8.10 am Surfers Paradise　(18)　 Labrador　　　　　　　　　　　8.45 am Prices include 　(19)　 only* Free pick-up from your resort, hotel or motel *Not included in the fare: Optional tours, luncheons, morning and afternoon tea !unless otherwisei specified), 　(20)　 Meals and refreshments are available at all stops (at your own cost).