问答题美国全国社论作家协会(The National Conference of Editorial Writers)在一个有关礼貌问题的项目上起了表率的作用。目的是为了展示在民主社会里，最有用、最可靠的公众讨论方式来源于要做到诚信、合理、公正和公开的承诺。(get a head start，commitment to)

问答题·Read this note you have received from your boss. Mary Brown at Head Office called to invite staff from our branch to have a tour round their new building. Could you reply? 20 people definitely want to go. She wants to know which departments we"d be most interested in seeing. She didn"t say anything about what time the tour would start. Could you please check? Thanks. ·Write an e-mail to Ms Brown: ·thanking her for the invitation to Head Office; ·telling her how many people are planning to go; ·saying which departments people would like to see; ·asking about the time of the visit. ·Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet. ·Do not include postal addresses.

问答题To: Fiona Andrews From: Christine Hendrikson Date: 8 April 2009 Pages: 1 Dear Fiona I received a message this morning saying that our meeting on Friday 12 April had been cancelled Unfortunately, the message didn"t give any more details or any alternative dates. Could you just confirm that the meeting has indeed been cancel led and possibly suggest another date? Best regards Christine ·Write a fax to Christine: ·apologizing for cancelling the meeting; ·giving a reason for the cancellation; ·offering a new date and time; ·asking her to confirm the new date and time. ·Write 60—88 words

问答题欧盟的法律要求使用欧洲机场的航班缴纳碳排放费，从而引发了激烈的争论。华盛顿下周将施加压力以求找到全球性的解决方案。希望他们能提出一个各方都能接受的方案。(come up with，ratchet up)

Questions 23-30 Word Tips You will hear a recording about environmental issues. Mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer. After you have listened once, replay the recording.

{{B}}TextA{{/B}}{{B}}BackgroundInformation{{/B}}Businessethicsareaformofappliedethicsthatexamineethicalprinciplesandmoralorethicalproblemsthatariseinabusinessenvironment.Appliedethicsareafieldof.ethicsthatdealwithethicalquestionsinmanyfieldssuchasmedical,technical,legalandbusinessethics.BusinessEthicsaretheapplicationofEthicalvaluestothebusinessworld.Theyapplytoanyandallaspectsofbusinessconduct.Businessethicsarerelevanttotheconductofindividualsandalsorelevanttotheconductofthebusinessorganizationsasawhole.Intheincreasinglyconscience-focusedmarketplacesofthe21stcentury,thedemandformoreethicalbusinessprocessesandactions(knownasethicism)isincreasing.Simultaneously,pressureisappliedonindustrytoimprovebusinessethicsthroughnewpublicinitiativesandlaws(e.g,higherUKroadtaxforhigher-emissionvehicles).Businessescanoftenattainshort-termgainsbyactinginanunethicalfashion;however,suchanticstendtounderminetheeconomyovertime.Businessethicscanbebothanormativeandadescriptivediscipline.Asacorporatepracticeandacareerspecialization,thefieldisprimarilynormative.Inacademiadescriptiveapproachesarealsotaken.Therangeandquantityofbusinessethicalissuesreflectthedegreetowhichbusinessisperceivedtobeatoddswithnon-economicsocialvalues.Historically,interestinbusinessethicsaccelerateddramaticallyduringthe1980sand1990s,bothwithinmajorcorporationsandwithinacademia.Forexample,todaymostmajorcorporatewebsiteslayemphasisoncommitmenttopromotingnon-economicsocialvaluesunderavarietyofheadings(e.g,ethicscodes,socialresponsibilitycharters).Insomecases,corporationshaveredefinedtheircorevaluesinthelightofbusinessethicalconsiderations(e.g.BP's"beyondpetroleum"environmentaltilt).{{B}}SentencedToDeathinChinaMilkScandal{{/B}}BEIJING,Jan.22—AcourtonThursdaysentencedtwomentodeathfortheirrolesinadeadlycontaminated-milkscandalthatembarrassedtheChinesegovernmentandpromptedhundredsoffamiliestosueforcompensation.Thewomaninchargeofthedairycompanyattheheartofthecrisiswassentencedtolifeinprison.Thepunishmentswerethefirstinthescandal,whichbrokeinSeptember.Atleastsixchildrendiedand300000weresickenedbyinfantformulataintedwiththechemicalmelamine,andmorethantwodozencountries,includingtheUnitedStates,recalledorbannedfoodcontainingChinesemilkproducts.TheIntermediatePeople'sCourtinShijiazhuang,wherethedairycompanyisbased,announcedtwootherlifetermsandasuspenddeathsentencethatisexpectedtobecommittedtolifeimprisonment.Sixdefendantsreceivedtermsrangingfromfiveto15years.Thecourtsessionwasclosedtothepublicandconductedunderheavysecurity.TianWenhua,66,thechairwomanofthenow-bankruptSanluGroup,wasthehighest-rankingexecutivechargedinthescandal.Shepleadedguiltytochargesofproducingandsellingfakegoodsandwasfined$3.6million.AthertrialinDecember,sheadmittedknowingaboutthecontaminationformonthsbeforealertingofficials.ThedeathsentencesweregiventoZhangYujun,40,forharmingpublicformulasecuritybyoperatinganundergroundmelamineworkshop,andGengJinping,whoranamilkcollectioncenterandwasconvictedofproducingandsellingpoisonedfood.Melamine,normallyusedtomakefertilizersandplastics,wasaddedtomilktoraiseitsproteinlevelintests.Althoughharmlesstoadults,melaminecancausekidneystonesinyoungchildrenandanimals.Investigationsfoundthatthetradeintheillegaltoxinwasanopensecret,withdairyfarmers,milkcollectioncentersanddairycompaniesofteninvolvedineffortstodisguisemilkofpoorqualityasprotein-rich.FamiliesofsomevictimssaidTianhadbeenmadeascapegoatandwasnotasculpableasthosewholacedmilkproductswithmelamine.Otherssaidsheshouldhavebeensentencedtodeathbutalsoaccusedthegovernmentofbeingmoreconcernedaboutprosecutionsthantheirstill-recoveringchildren."Thegovernmentgaveusonly$300,andmysonisstilllivingwithakidneystone,"saidHuShuixia,38,fromHenanprovince."SomepeoplesaythatthegovernmentwillnevermentiontheSanlucaseagainaftersentencingthesesuspectstodeath.Ratherthansentencingthecriminals,thegovernmentshouldtakecareofourchildren."XuZhiyong,alawyerhelping213familiestryingtosuethegovernment,saidthepenaltiesweretooharshforthosewhoproducedandsoldmelamine,arguingthattheyhadnoideaharmfulitwas."Mostparentsaren'tpayingattentiontothistrialbecausewhattheyneedmostisfaircompensation,whichhasnothingtodowiththesesentences,"hesaid.Sanluand21otherdairyfirmsaccusedofsellingcontaminatedmilkhaveproposeda$160millioncompensationplan,butthefamiliesaredemandingmore.Theparentsofthefirstchildwhodiedafterdrinkingtaintedformulawerepaid$29000,statemediareportssaid.Butpolicehavedetainedandpressuredotherparentsandlawyerstodiscouragethemfromcontactingthemediaandassemblingaclass-actionlawsuit.ComplaintsaboutSanlufirstsurfacedinlate2007,andreportersalertedgovernmentcensorsinMarch.DoctorsnotifiedChina'squalityinspectionofficialsinJuly.China’shealthministerlatersaidSanluwaiteduntilSept.8toalertofficialseventhoughthefirmhadfoundmelamineintestsinAugust.{{B}}Exercises{{/B}}

{{B}}TextA{{/B}}{{B}}BackgroundInformation{{/B}}BrandPowerisasingle-scoremeasureofthesizeandquality(familiarityandfavorability)ofacompany'sreputation.It'sameasureofbrandequitypresentedinbothhistoricalandcompetitivecontext.MoreandmoreChinesecompanies,havingwontheirspursintheirdomesticmarket,arestartingtoexplorenewhorizonsthroughglobalization.Intheprocess,theyfacestrategicandoperationalchallengescenteredaroundonecentralquestion:HowshouldtheymaketheleapfrombeingsuccessfulChineseenterprisestobecomingexcellentglobalones?{{B}}ChineseSportsBrands{{/B}}FromJelenaJankovictopolevaultqueenYelenaIsinbayevaandNBAcourtsacrossAmerica,Chinesesportsbrandsareshruggingtheirshouldersattheglobaleconomicdownturnandsigninghigh-profilepactswithelitestarsandfranchisestomaketheirpresencefeltintheworldmarket.LocalbrandAntawasthefirsttomakeamajormovethisyearbysigningformerworldNo1JankovicduringJanuary'sAustralianOpen.Althoughthecostoftheagreementwasnotdisclosed,AntaisbelievedtohaveluredtheSerbawayfromReebokwithamulti-milliondollarthree-yeardeal.Firstpicture:BeijingGameschampionYelenaIsinbayevaposesduringasigningceremonywithChinesesportswearcompanyLiNinglastweekinBeijing.Second:FormerworldNo.1JelenaJankovicofSerbia,wearinganAntatennisoutfit,competesduringtheWTA(TheWomen'sTennisAssociation)DubaiChampionshipsonFeb18.Thiswasaboldmovegiventheunforgivingeconomicclimatethathasseenbrandssevermassiveendorsementdealsinrecentmonths,Buick-TigerWoodsbeingacaseinpoint.Antaofficialssaidthecompanyhadmanagedtoavoidthefullbruntoftherecessionbyfocusingondomesticdemand."Uptonow,theeconomiccrisishashadlittleimpactonourcompany,"saidVice-PresidentMaoYuying."Wedon'texpecttogetthesamerateofreturncomparedtoourinvestmentin(Jankovic),butwehopetoliftourbrandtonewheightsbycapitalizingonherglobalfame."Apartfromonthetenniscourt,Anta,establishedin1994inJinjiang,Fujianprovince,hasalsosignedHoustonRockets'LuisScola.ScolaworeAntasneakersatthisyear'sall-starweekendinPhoenixaswellasattheBeijingOlympicsinAugustenroutetopickingupabronzemedalforArgentina.Antaspent13.6percentofitsturnoverlastyearoncommercialsandpublicity,whileitssalesvolumeleapt54.8percentto4.63billionyuan(USD670million).Itaddedcloseto1000newsalesoutletstotakeitstotalto5667andlaunched2200newshoedesigns.Butitisnottheonlylocalsportsweartitanenjoyingbriskbusiness.LiNingsnappedupRussia'sdoubleOlympicchampionIsinbayevalastweek,withtheir"Skynolimitforme"advertisingcampaignsubsequentlytakingthemainlandbystorm."Isinbayevarepresentsthepinnacleoftrackandfield,"saidchiefmarketingofficerFangShiwei."Ourrelationshipisaimedatacceleratingourbrand'sinternationalization."Buildingworkbeganearlier,however,withLiNingsigningacropofNBAstarsincludingShaquilleO'Neal,BaronDavis,DamonJonesandJoseCalderon.ThebrandhasalsocementedpartnershipswiththeAssociationofTennisProfessionals(ATP),theNBAandtheSpanishnationalbasketballteam,whichcreatedastormwiththeirpre-Olympicsadcampaignshowingplayersmaking"slit-eyed"poses.LiNing,foundedbytheOlympicchampiongymnastwhomChinaelectedtolighttheOlympicFlameonAug8,hasalsogotinvolvedintheworldoftennis.ItsignedCroatianstarIvanLjubicicandrecentlycontractedChina'sYanZi,atwo-timeGrandSlamdoubleswinner,andNo1-rankedjuniorYangTsung-huaofChineseTaiwan,aboutdeals.Suchdealsrepresentanewtrendofqualityoverquantity,saidWeiJizhong,directoroftheBeijingOlympicEconomyResearchAssociation."Companiesmayretreatfromsponsoringsmallsportseventsandfocusmoreonelitestars,"saidWei,whoalsoservesaspresidentoftheInternationalVolleyballFederation.ThiscertainlyringstrueforPeak,anotherChinesebrandthathasbeenre-brandingitselfforseveralyears.ItbegansponsoringNBAgamesin2005andlatercontractedHoustonRockets'ShaneBattierandcurrentDallasMavericks'starJasonKiddasspokespeople.RecentlyitreachedasponsorshipdealwithInternationalBasketballFederation(FIBA).Meanwhile,Hisense,aChineseconsumerelectronicsfirm,scoredacouplastyearbyclinchingasix-yeartitlesponsorshipdealwiththeAustralianOpenthatturnedtheVodafoneArenaintotheHisenseArena."You'regoingtoseemoreandmoreofthiscomingup,"GregPaull,whoworksatBeijing-basedR3marketingconsultancy,wasquotedassayingbyAFP."Theglobalmulti-nationalsarecuttingbackontheirglobalmarketingandChinesecompaniesarestillgettinggoodlocaldemandandgoodsalesreturnswithintheirhomemarket,"hesaid.Anta'stopbrasswerequicktoaddthattheirplansforglobalexpansionwouldbetemperedbythedomesticmarket."SigningJankovicisstillforthehomemarket,"saidMao."Wehavenoplantofurtherexploretheinternationalsportsmarket,sincethereisstillamassiveamountofroomfordevelopmentinChina."Exercises

{{B}}Background Information{{/B}} Public relations (PR)is the practice of managing the flow of information between an organization and its public. Public relations gain an organization or individual exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. Because public relations place exposure in credible third-party outlets, it offers a third-party legitimacy that advertising does not have. Common activities include speaking at conferences, working with the press, and employee communication. PR can be used to build rapport with employees, customers, investors, voters, or the general public. Almost any organization that has a stake in how it is portrayed in the public arena employs some level of public relations. A number of specialties exist within the field of public relations, such as Analyst Relations, Media Relations, Investor Relations or Labor Relations. {{B}}Public Relations{{/B}} A company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society consists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it. These groups are known as a company's "publics." In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they feel is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy. And the government, as the protector of the society it governs, is especially vigilant in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with. The techniques that a company uses to improve these relationships are known as "public relations", also called PR. The goal of public relations is usually to improve the climate or atmosphere in which a company operates. Here are some results a company might expect from a successful public relations campaign: Its products and services are better known. Its relationship with employees has improved. Its public reputation has improved. A successful public relations campaign can get people to do something that will help a company, stop them from doing something that might hurt it, or at least allow the company to proceed with a course of action without criticism. "An organization with good public relations has a favorable image or reputation, perhaps as a result of public relations activities." Says Richard Weiner, a noted and award-winning public relations counselor. In developing and implementing public relations plans, companies often use a simple five-step process: research or fact-finding, planning, action, communication, and evaluation. A classic example of public relations at work is McDonald's. It has always been important to McDonald's to be known as a company that values cleanliness. Indeed, founder Ray Kroc emphasized cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonald's operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonald's franchisees to pick up all litter within a two block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonald's litter or not. The company also did many other things to help protect the environment. In 1990, it announced a program called McRecycle in which McDonald's committed itself to buy $100 million in recycled materials for use in building and remodeling its restaurants. It is important to understand the role public relations has played in all the company's decisions. McDonald's has always been socially responsible and extremely concerned about its image. These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonald's, public relationships activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant action first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless. Many companies do not understand this basic principle: If you want to make news, you must first do something newsworthy. {{B}}Exercises{{/B}}

填空题 Questions 13-22 {{B}} Section One{{/B}}(Questions 13-17) You will hear five short recordings. For each recording, decide what the speaker is booking. Write one letter (A--H )next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay each recording.A. a seat for a concertB. a table in a restaurantC. a flightD. a holidayE. a rental carF. a meeting roomG. a tennis courtH. a parking space

填空题A. Setting up an Online Home Based Business—2 Mistakes to Avoid B. Tips to Buying Property Abroad C. How to Conduct an Interview? D. Management Communication Techniques E. Five Tips on Advertising Your Property F. Honesty Proves Best Policy for Job Hunter G. Land Investment—An Investors" Guideline H. Five Signs You"re in the Wrong Job

填空题 Questions 13-22 {{B}}Section One{{/B}}(Questions 13-17) You will hear another five recordings. For each recording, decide what the speaker's purpose is. Write one letter(A-H)next to the number of the recording. Do not use any letter more than once. After you have listened once, replay the recordings.A. on the planeB. at the bankC. at the airportD. at the officeE. at the theatreF. at the hotelG. at the customsH. on the bus

填空题 BSection Two/B(Questions 18-22)You will hear another five recordings.For each recording, decide what the speaker's purpose is.Write one letter ( A--H )next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay the recordings. tA. to make a complaintB. to deny somethingC. to offer assistanceD. to ask for adviceE. to express doubtF. to ask for permissionG. to explain an actionH. to recommend a new policy

填空题compatible A. The physicist argued that science and religion are fundamentally ______ because of their unequivocally opposed epistemologies—the assumptions they make concerning what we can know about the world. B. If older programs don't work correctly, try changing program ______ settings.

填空题Invoice number. 9. ______ Invoice date: 10. ______ February 2002 Photocopy paper: 11. ______ boxes@9.94 V.A.T. @ 12. ______% Total to pay: 13. ______ To reach us by: 17th March @2002 Contact name: Marjorie 14. ______ Telephone No.: 01023 15. ______

填空题 {{B}}Conversation Two{{/B}}(Questions 5-8) You will hear a woman calling about booking a tour. Message From: Lovell Travel Planner About: a package tour Time: next winter Place: an{{U}} (5) {{/U}}named Santa Monica Activities: {{U}}(6) {{/U}}and deep-sea fishing Duration: {{U}}(7) {{/U}}days Price: 1000 dollars including the flight, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}and accommodations

填空题Questions 13-22 BSection One/B(Questions 13-17)You will hear five short recordings.For each recording, decide what the speaker is selling.Write one letter( A--H)next to the number of the recording.Do not use any letter more than once.After you have listened once, replay each recording.A. medicineB. mobile phoneC. skin care productsD. bicycleE. carF. glovesG. baby cerealsH. camera

填空题{{B}}Part One{{/B}} {{B}}Conversation One{{/B}}(Questions 1--4)Look at the form below.You will hear a man inviting the guest to dinner.The guest lives in {{U}}(1) {{/U}}.Mr. Qian, {{U}}(2) {{/U}} of the corporation, invites Mr. Black to dinner.Dinner time: {{U}}(3) {{/U}}Dinner place: {{U}}(4) {{/U}}

填空题embezzle A. The ______ was severely punished and enjoined to kick back a portion of the stolen money each month. B. They are accused, along with six other government employees, of abusing power and intentional wrongdoing.