I hope this pre-publication discussion gives a better insight into the kind of books I’ve written．

A group of scientists known for their skepticism about climate change has reanalysed two centuries' worth of global temperature records. Their study largely confirms previous ones: it finds strong evidence that Earth is getting hotter. "The valid issues raised by climate skeptics, when addressed fully and in detail, do not significantly change the answer," says lead author Richard Muller of the University of California, Berkeley. In a testimony (证据) to the US Congress earlier this year, Muller questioned whether global temperature records showed a significant warming during the 20th century. His project, the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST), has now pulled together global temperature data going back to 1800 from 15 sources, including data sets held by the World Meteorological Organization and US and UK government agencies. BEST concludes that land temperatures have risen by 1°C since the 1950s. This is largely in line with the three existing global temperature records: GISTEMP, maintained by NASA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's GHCN and HadCRU, kept by the UK Met Office. The 1°C of warming reflects warming above land masses only, so it is not yet a truly global estimate. In a series of papers that have not yet been estimated but are available on the BEST website, the researchers examine how reliable the temperature data is. Contrary to earlier studies that are often quoted by climate skeptics, the BEST researchers find that including data from weather stations in cities—which are warmer than rural areas—makes little difference to the overall trend. "Urban warming doesn't unduly (过分地) bias estimates of recent global temperature change," they say. Blogger Anthony Watts of Watts Up With That has repeatedly claimed that temperature data is unreliable because weather stations are poorly placed—for instance, next to air-conditioning vents or other heat sources. However, BEST finds no statistically significant difference in the trends seen at well-placed and poorly placed stations.

说明：假设你是 ABC 公司的采购部经理 Lisa Jones，根据下面的提示写一封索赔信。时间：3 月 19 日。内容：1.16 日收到的型号为 W380 的电脑显示器出现破损；2.将破损显示器寄回，并要求对方重新发货；3.对自己造成的损失进行赔偿；4.期望尽快回复。注意信函格式！Words for reference：显示器 monitor

In the United States, teaching is very important. If teachers do not teach well, students complain. If many students do not understand, people think that the teacher does not do a good job. The teacher has big responsibility to make sure students understand. In a sense, students are consumers and the teacher is differing services. Students have the right to evaluate their teachers, and they usually do so at the end of each course. That evaluation includes lots of aspects of teaching, such as explanation, preparation, using good examples, answering questions, and organization of classes. Students are supposed to read required textbooks and recommended books before classes. Without reading them, they will find it very difficult to understand the class. Basic courses on doing research and writing papers are taught at the beginning of the program. They teach things very concretely (具体地) and clearly. Students are expected to apply what they have learned to their studies. Classes are usually divided into lectures and seminars. There are some lecture classes, where the teacher just gives a lecture, and students ask questions at the end. Most graduate level classes are lectures and discussions. Participating in discussion is very important. Higher level classes involve very little lecturing. They emphasize discussion and presentation by the students.

Terms and Conditions of Employment These terms and conditions should be read before you sign your contract. Salary: Your starting salary is: $20,000. This is reviewed annually. Hours: The normal hours of work are eight hours a day, Monday through Friday. You will start work on Feb. 21, 2015. On the first morning, report to your line manager John Knight. Health and safety: Please read the safety regulations attached. If you have any questions, contact the health and safety officer, whose name is at the top of the regulation sheet. If you have health problems, please inform the Senior Nurse, Chris Thomas. If you cannot work because of illness, please telephone the factory. Annual leave: During your first year of employment you are allowed twenty days' leave. This should be arranged with your line manager. Overtime (加班): If you work more than forty hours a week, you will be paid at the current overtime rate. Your line manager will keep a record of the overtime you work. If you work on public holidays, you will be paid at the current rates. If you prefer, time can be taken instead of extra pay for public holidays and overtime. Clothing: The Supplies Department provides overalls (工作服). Inform Supplies of your size two days before you need them. You can also order any other equipment you need for your job from Supplies.

Although he was badly injured, he______explain what had happened.

If you're happy and you know it, maybe you really should clap your hands. That's【D1】 1being happy might make you live longer. In a study, researchers have found that happy people can【D2】 2their risk of early death by as much as 35 percent. In this study, the nearly 4 000 participants, aged 52 to 79, were asked to rate their feelings of happiness or【D3】 3on a sliding scale four times over the course of one day, beginning when they【D4】 4up in the morning. The scientists then followed them for five years,【D5】 5the number of deaths during that time. After controlling for age, gender, depression, certain diseases like cancer or diabetes (糖尿病), and health-related【D6】 6like smoking, study results showed that those folks who rated their feelings of happiness higher lived longer than those with lower scores. "I was a bit surprised that the happiness【D7】 7was so strong, even among people who had chronic diseases," says Andrew Steptoe, professor of epidemiology (流行病学) and psychology. "Older people have【D8】 8that we in society try to supply good healthcare and【D9】 9they have enough money to live on," says Steptoe. "But maybe we should pay attention to their well-being in【D10】 10of happiness, too. "A) recording F) behaviour K) becauseB) effect G) slept L) affectC) desires H) ensure M) reduceD) anxiety I) terms N) describeE) counting J) needs O) woke 【D1】

You should fill in the application form(proper) 1before sending it tomorrow.

Ships are______than planes that people take them mainly for pleasure.

[此试题无题干]

Well—educated men with higher incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes．

说明：请以伍德高科技公司（Wood Hi-tech Company）员工Peter 的名义给新华科技市场经理写一封订货信。时间：3 月17 日。内容：1. 近日在网上看到E625 型打印机；2. 需要订购10 台；3. 期望每台价格为￥1 000；4. 期望最迟于3 月25 日给予答复。注意信函格式！Words for reference：打印机 printer

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Researchers from the University of Plymouth in England wondered whether mood might affect the way kids learn. To find out, they performed two learning experiments with children. The first experiment enlisted 30 kids, ages 10 and 11. Each child was given 20 problems in which a triangle or houselike shape was hidden inside a different, larger image. The kids had to find the small shape while sitting in a room with, either happy or sad classical music playing in the background. As a measure of mood, the scientists asked the kids to point to one of five faces, ranging from happy to sad. Children listening to the happy music tended to point to the smiling faces, indicating that they felt happy. Kids surrounded by sad tunes pointed instead to the frowns. The researchers found that sad kids took at least a second less to find the small shapes. The sad kids also correctly identified an average of three or four more shapes. In the second experiment, 61 children, ages 6 and 7, faced the same type of shape-finding problems. Instead of listening to different types of music, though, they watched one of three scenes from a film. One scene was happy. One was neutral. One was sad. In this study, kids' moods tended to reflect the scene they had seen. And just like in the first experiment, kids who felt sad or neutral performed better on the tests compared to happier kids. They solved an average of two or three more problems. The researchers hypothesize(假设)that feeling down makes people more aware of details, perhaps because sadness makes us more likely to focus on a problem or difficult situation. Some studies suggest that mildly sad adults do better than happy ones on tests of memory, judgment and argument that involve attention to detail. Questions:

Researchers say people traveling in traffic are three times more likely to suffer a heart attack. They say the risk of a heart attack is greatest within an hour of being in traffic. The findings are based on a German study of almost seven hundred people who suffered heart attacks. The patients described their activities during the four days before their heart attack. Researchers found that those who had been in traffic were three times more likely to have a heart attack within one hour, compared to those who had not been in traffic. Most of those in the study had been traveling by car. But some had been on bicycles and others were on buses. Research shows that people in cars and buses are exposed to ten times the amount of pollutants as people walking on the street. That is largely because they breathe in the particles and gases released from the vehicles in front of them. Over time, these small particles speed the buildup of a sticky substance in the blood. This can cause blockages to form in the arteries around the heart and lead to a heart attack. Other studies have also linked heart trouble to stress, similar to the kind that people face while driving in heavy traffic. But the researchers of the latest study say they do not know whether the increased heart attack risk is the result of stress or pollution. They suggest it may be a combination of stress, noise and pollution. Experts say the research shows the need for cleaner vehicles and better city planning to lower the risk of the heart attack.

The whole hall held its breath，waiting for the announcement of the winner of the first prize．

说明：请以李军的名义写一则寻物启事。时间：3月12日内容：今天中午在餐厅吃饭时，将书包忘在那里。书包为棕色，里面有一本课本、一个笔记本和一个钱包。拾到者请致电67689903，将当面酬谢。